• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.87-119
• /
• 1999

The main purpose of this research is to measure and analyze how productive the health centers are and how much inputs(or outputs) in the inefficient health centers should be decreased(or increased) for efficiency. The evaluation of the performance of health centers gives a strong incentive to improve resource allocation in regional health planning. It has been, however, implemented very rarely until now. In this regard, this paper measures the performance of the health centers with a single indicator for multiple-outputs in terms of productivity(technical efficiency), based on Data Envelopment method. The 20 Kyungnam health centers which provide clinic services and specific primary health care services were analyzed. The results show that 50.0% of 20 health centers were productive with respective to overall technical efficiency, 65.0% were productive for pure technical efficiency, and 50.0% for scale efficiency. The inefficient group includes Geoje, Mahsan, Miryang, Sahchun, Tongyoung, Gosung, Nahmhae, Euryang, Hahmahn, Hahbchun health centers. The worst case was identified as Tongyoung health center which represented a 47.5% efficiency, compared with productive health centers. The empirical results for input-output analysis indicates that the low-productive health centers have excessive manpower in administration department, producing low outputs in clinical services and vaccination program. These findings imply that a systemic evaluation of the performance of the Korean health centers and the subsequent structural reform are strongly required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2011.06a
• /
• pp.422-424
• /
• 2011

오늘날과 같이 급속히 변화하는 기업경영 환경에서 조직이 생존하고 번영하기 위해 기업의 경영 성과를 향상시켜야 하고 이를 위해서는 생산성 또는 효율성을 꾸준히 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 평가대상의 상대적 효율성을 측정하기 위해 개발된 DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) 방법론을 이용하여 국내 컨테이너터미널 운영사의 경영 효율성을 비교 분석함으로써 2007년부터 2009년까지의 터미널 운영사의 효율성 수준을 파악해 보았다. 연구결과 2007년부터 2009년까지 점차적으로 영업이익률이 줄어드는 현상이 나타나는데, 이것은 산출변수에는 큰 변화가 없는 반면 투입변수는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 동 기간 사이에 컨테이너터미널 업체수는 증가하였음에도 불구하고 물동량의 증가가 미미하여, 물동량 확보를 위한 터미널 업체들간의 경쟁이 치열해졌다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 경쟁은 하역요율의 단가하락 문제를 발생시켰으며, 이로 인해 업체들의 경영악화가 가속되었다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구 결과는 물동량 변화에 따른 투입변수의 최적화를 통해 컨테이너터미널 운영사의 경영효율성을 제고하는데 기여 할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.313-324
• /
• 2022

The Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) involves various bilateral trade agreements and regional agreements signed between China and other countries. This study examines the impact of Chinese OFDI in ASEAN-5 countries through ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 2000 to 2016. This study attempts to address three research objectives. The first is to examine the motives for China's investment in ASEAN-5. The second is to explore the different impacts of China's investment across countries. The third is to investigate whether the OFDI conducted by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) will produce different impacts on the firm's efficiency score. Using the DEA approach, this study finds evidence that the overall Chinese OFDI is relatively efficient. We find that the estimated efficiency score of this OFDI has improved in pre- and post ACFTA where a higher overall efficiency score was reported when comparing pre- and post ACFTA signing for both SOEs and NSOEs. Finally, China's parent firms' efficiencies showed higher scores among NSOEs compared to SOEs after the signing of ACFTA for all ASEAN countries except Malaysia. We highlight that the country's institutional infrastructure, earlier investment presence, and diplomatic ties help in shaping an effective trade agreement.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Online shopping enables consumers to conveniently purchase products irrespective of the time and place. As a result, several online shopping companies have emerged to cater to this growing market and, therefore, the competition among them has become increasingly intense. This paper evaluates the comparative efficiency of online shopping companies for a multi-year period (2009-2013), in order to help online shopping managers identify major drivers for enhancing management efficiency and the subsequent competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected the data from 2009 to 2013 from the distribution yearbook. This paper analyzes the marketability (sales figures), profitability (business profits), and management conditions (net profits) of domestic online shopping enterprises by incorporating information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and capital). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and capital are selected as input variables, and sales figures, business profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the comparative efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. In addition, the Malmquist Productivity Index was used to evaluate the trend of change of Decision Making Units' (DMUs') efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - First, as of 2013, Interpark (2.415) was found to be the most efficient online shopping enterprise, followed by Aladdin Communications (2.117), Hyundai Home shopping (1.867), Home&Shopping (1.176), NS Home shopping (1.170), Commerce Planet (1.126), CJ O Shopping (1.105), Ebay Korea (1.088), and GS Home Shopping (1.051). Second, this study recognizes how the management efficiency has changed for the period 2009-2013. Third, the lesser the capital and employees, the more are the net profits, and the better is the management efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. Lastly, the productivity of such companies is influenced by endogenous factors rather than exogenous factors such as shifts in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - DHC Korea influenced various distribution channels to reach customers through the Internet. Consequently, this helped in increasing the awareness about its products, in addition to an increase in sales. These achievements can be attributed to the characteristics of online shopping companies. Although it is easy for these companies to suggest goods for one-off purchases, they however have difficulties in retaining customers. Overcoming this challenge can be one of the ways to benchmark a successful case of an efficient company. For example, an online shopping company can attract customers by developing a corresponding mobile application as a convenient way to shop online. Additionally, they can satisfy customers by quick delivery of purchased products, which is possible by building an effective logistics network. Our study indicates that the productivity of an online shopping company was influenced by endogenous factors driven by improvements in managerial practices rather than exogenous factors. Accordingly, online shopping companies should adopt strategies to improve their operational efficiency rather than sales volume-oriented management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2010

This study analyzes relative efficiency analysis for universities or colleges of Chung Cheong regions using data envelopment analysis. The main results of this study can by summarized as follows. First, in case of efficiency for CCR, the number of efficient universities(CCR value is one) are five universities. and mean value of CCR for universities located in Chungbuk region was most high. Second, the number of efficient colleges(CCR value is one) are three colleges. and mean value of CCR for colleges located in Daejeon region was most high. Third, in case of efficiency for BCC, the number of efficient universities(BCC value is one) are nine universities. and mean value of BCC for universities located in Chungbuk region was most high. Fourth, the number of efficient colleges(BCC value is one) are seven colleges. and mean value of BCC for colleges located in Chungbuk region was most high.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.113-134
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of integrated management strategy between Busan and Gwangyang ports through considering the integrated management strategy of ports in China and Japan. The reason we selected Busan and Gwangyang ports is that these two ports are a major port which is possible to be an Asia hub port by the policy of Korean government, but these two ports are concerned that they are able to lose their competitiveness by excessive competition. Therefore, we attempted to analyze the integrated management strategy of China and Japan and then we examined the effectiveness of integrated management between Busan and Gwangyang ports. For empirical study, we assumed that the co-management of these two ports will enhance the port performances. And a comparative study has been conducted with 25 Asian ports by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. We also tried to compare the efficiency between before integrated management and after integrated management of these two ports. The result of analysis indicates that the port performance of these two ports has been increased slightly in integrated management system, but the efficiency of these two ports is still lower than other competitors such as Chinese and Japanese ports. It means that there exists inefficiency in management of these two Korean ports because Korean ports are already reached into the economies of scale. Therefore, the strategies for improving of port performances are required to survive against competition.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.63-83
• /
• 2016

This paper examines the determinants of efficiency in a KOSDAQ-listed manufacturing firm. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the efficiency of the export manufacturing firm. We employ two inputs (number of employees, equity) and one output (sales) in the DEA. The determinants of export manufacturing firm efficiency are estimated using the panel Tobit model. An analysis of 369 export manufacturing firms from 2013 to 2015 indicates the following results: First, the R&D intensity, the wage and salary intensity, total asset, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores. However, export intensity had a negative impact on CCR efficiency scores in a KOSDAQ-listed total export manufacturing firm. Second, the R&D intensity had a positive impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores, but export intensity, the wage and salary intensity, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on the CCR and BCC efficiency scores in a KOSDAQ-listed large export manufacturing firm. Third, the R&D intensity, the wage and salary intensity, total asset, and equity ratio each had a negative impact on both the CCR and BCC efficiency scores; respectively, in a KOSDAQ-listed small and medium export manufacturing firm.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The parcel delivery service(courier) industry all over the world has been expanding its market so far, but its growth has been declining in recent years. In this situation, most parcel delivery companies are having trouble with managing themselves because of the pressure from the customer to increase service level and decrease the rate. The purpose of this study is to provide ways to improve competitive advantages of the parcel delivery service industry by evaluating the multi-period operating efficiency of Korea, Japan and global service providers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the period of 2011 to 2014 were collected from the annual reports published by parcel delivery companies. In this study, we analyze the marketability (revenue), profitability (operating profits), and management conditions (net profits) of parcel service companies by combining information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and equity). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and equity are selected as input variables, and revenue, operating profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is used to measure the comparative efficiency and MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index) is used to analyze the trend of change of the efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - The operational efficiency scores of medium-sized parcel delivery companies in Korea are higher than other larger competitors such as Korean, Japan and Global larger companies. As of 2014, Logen(1.878) was found to be the most efficient parcel delivery enterprise, followed by KGB (1.224), and Kyoungdong(1.002). Otherwise, Hanjin(0.235), CJ(0.262), Hyundai Logistics(0.657), DHL(0.611), UPS(0.766), FedEx(0.498), TNT(0.350), Yamato(0.762) and Sagawa(0.520), larger sized companies, were done inefficiently. The productivity of parcel delivery companies is influenced by endogenous factors as well as exogenous ones such as changes in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - Korean medium-sized companies have relatively high efficiency scores in operation. That is why they still survive the competitive market in Korea where market restructuring on the industry has been expected to be conducted for many years. The reason why medium-sized couriers had higher efficient scores than larger couriers is that most of couriers spend more operating expenses versus unit price of delivery which is the amount of money that is needed in order to send a package by parcel service. So the delivery unit price must be taken into account by all the expenses associated with the cost of fuel, labor and maintenance expenses for facilities, etc. therefore, the unit price must be increased to strengthen business competitive power. In order for the industry to have more competitive advantage, the companies need to make profits by increasing demand volume and raising the delivery rate to provide high-quality delivery service to customers. And both endogenous and exogenous change must take precedence in order to strengthen their competitiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.113 no.2
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2024

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant shift in the lifestyle patterns of the populace across various domains. Concerns surrounding COVID-19 have emerged as pivotal catalysts of change in recreational habits with people giving a particular preference for environments with low population density and increased openness. This trend has resulted in an uptick in excursions to natural reserves, coastlines, and parks. However, during the peak of infectious outbreaks, widespread adherence to social distancing measures has precipitated a steep decline in tourist footfall across natural recreation forests, exacerbating financial deficits to a considerable extent. Thus, this research sought to compare and analyze the operational efficacy and productivity of national, public, and private natural recreation forests pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing non-parametric methodologies, such as data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity index analysis. The objective was to identify the factors contributing to the decreases in efficiency and productivity and ultimately offer nuanced recommendations tailored to respective administrative bodies. This study's distinctive focus on the analysis of management efficiency and productivity in natural recreation forests nationwide offers significant academic and practical relevance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2016

The external R&D, which includes the adoption of the external technology and knowledge in addition to the internal R&D, is one of important factors for the innovation. Especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the external R&D has been considered as a key factor to carry out the innovation more efficiently due to the limitations of their resources and capacities. However, most of extant studies related to external R&D have focused on analyzing the influence of external R&D on innovation outputs or outcomes. Only a few studies have explored the impact of external R&D on the innovation efficiency. This study therefore investigates whether the external R&D effects the industry's innovation efficiency and productivity. On this study, we used Korean manufacturing industry data of SMEs from 2012 to 2014 and employed a global Malmquist productivity analysis technique, which is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to assess the innovation efficiency and productivity. Innovation performances of external R&D group and internal R&D group are compared. Then, the sectoral patterns of both innovation efficiency and productivity are analyzed with respect to the technological intensity, which is introduced by OECD. The results show that the gap of innovation efficiency between external and internal R&D groups has gradually decreased because of the continuous improvement of the external R&D group's performance, while the external R&D group lag behind the internal R&D group. In addition, patterns of the innovation efficiency and productivity change were different depending on the technological intensity, which means that the higher the technological intensity, the greater the effect of external R&D.