• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2023

This study was compared the soil environment and growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) treated with non-mulching (NM) and mulching polyethylene film (PEF) and two biodegradable films (BFI and BFII) commonly used in farmhouses. Visual observation confirmed the degradation of BFI and BFII films after 150 days after tansplanting (DAT). BFII increased light penetration into the films and reduced the weight maintenace after 180 DAT, with a high decompostion at 30 days after soil tilling. Soil moisture contents much fluctuated between -14 kP and - 0 kPa in NM plots, increasing the minimum soil temperature of BFI plots. Mulching treatments decreased soil organic matter contents but did not subtantially increase soil mineral nutrients, soil bulk density, and number of bacteria compared to those of NM plots. Onion root growth was increased by PEF and BFI treatments at an early growth stage, 60 DAT, with the most remarkable stem extension observed for PEF and BFI treatments after 150 DAT. PEF and BFI treatments increased the bulb's diameter, length, weight, and lodging at 180 DAT. BFI treatments exhibited a high portion of the "very large" category producing with 55.3 tons ha^-1 based on the classification into bulb size, followed by PE (49.3 tons), NM (9.4 tons), and BFII treatments (2.7 tons) at 230 DAT.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2003

Object:We investigated the relationship between prolactin response to antipsychotics and clinical courses of psychotic symptoms and DAT gene polymorphisms. Method:Twenty-four acute psychotic inpatients completed the 12-week trial of risperidone. Serum prolactin, BPRS, ESRS and hyperprolactinemia-related symptoms were measured at baseline, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after medication. The DAT gene polymorphisms were analyzed. Results:The serum prolactin was significantly increased over time. According to the prolactin level at 2-week, the subjects were divided into the severe group(serum prolactin>60ng/mL, N=15) and the mild group (serum prolactin<60ng/mL, N=9). The prolactin levels of the mild group didn't increase beyond 60ng/mL throughout 12 weeks. Severe group had slower decrement of BPRS scores than those of mild group. Six females in severe group complained of irregular menstruations, but no female in mild group. Most patients had 10 allele of DAT gene. Conclusion:This study suggests that the magnitude of prolactin elevation at the 2-week of risperidone medication is correlated with severity of hyperprolactinemia throughout treatments. Our results did not show the relationship between prolactin responses and DAT gene polymorphisms.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

An increase in senile dementia population has caused social concerns in Korea. The Korean-Boston Naming Test(K-BNT) has been used in assessing naming ability of patients with diffuse brain damage as well as senile dementia. This study was conducted to develop a short from of the K-BNT. to present normative data, and to demonstrate clinical utility of the shortform K-BNT. The participants were 142 healthy elderly adults, ages between 55 and 84, who were sampled in the Seoul-Kyungki area. Twenty patients with mild probable DAT participated in the study. We developed four norms based on education(0∼6 years and more than 6 years) and age(55∼64 and 65∼84 years). The study showed high internal consistency among the items. Further. DAT patients and normal controls showed significant difference in the K-BNT short form scores(F(1, 158) = 23,216, p < .0001). Normative data presented in this study will be useful in evaluating the naming ability of elderly patients in clinical setting.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2003

Objective : The clinical efficacy of Jowiseungchungtang(oriental herbal medication) over 6-month on the cognitive function in patients with mild Dementia of Alzheimer type(DAT) was investigated in this study. Method : The subjects for this study consisted of dementia patients who visited to the outpatient dementia department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry of the Kyunghee Oriental hospital. Patients were required to have at entry: a dignosis of mild DAT; Biochemical test, CBC, Urine analysis, Chest X -ray, EKG, Brain- MRI, Mini-Mental States-Korea(MMSE-K), Korean-Dementia Rating Scale(K-DRS), Samsung Dementia Questionaire(SDQ;to their caregiver). Patients(n=31) were assigned to treatment with Jowiseungchungtang (fourth/day for 6-month). The primary outcome measure was K-DRS. Result : 1. Patients' mean age was $71.4{\pm}6.6$ years(range 59 to 86 years). 2. Patients' mean education was $6.1{\pm}4.9$ years. K-DRS scores at baseline was $110.5{\pm}12.2$. K-DRS scores at 6-month was $109.0{\pm}17.0$. K-DRS scores at 6-month was not significantly different with K-DRS scores at baseline(t=.791 r=.435 p<.05). Conclusion : Treatment with Jowiseungchungtang for 6-month protected the cognitive function decline in patients with mild DAT.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2001

Soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN110 were grown in growth chambers under 400 or $800{\mu}l{\cdot}l^{-1}$ atmospheric $CO_2$ and harvested at 25, 28, 32, and 35 DAT to examine the effect of $CO_2$ enrichment on phosphorus accumulation, uptake, and utilization efficiency during vegetative growth. Phosphorus concentration in leaf was lower in high $CO_2$ plant by 47% at 25 DAT and 34% at 35 DAT than those in the control plant but phosphorus concentrations in stem, root and nodule were not affected by $CO_2$ enrichment. Total phosphorus accumulation increased 3.9-fold in high $CO_2$ plant and 3.2-fold in the control plant between 25 and 35 DAT. Elevated $CO_2$ caused a decrease in the whole plant phosphorus concentration by 35%, which was due almost entirely to a decrease in the phosphorus concentration of leaves. $CO_2$ enrichment increased phosphorus utilization efficiency in the whole plant by 70% during the experimental period. Plants exposed to high $CO_2$ had larger root systems than under ambient $CO_2$, but high $CO_2$ plants had lower P-uptake efficiency. Averaged over four harvests, plants at high $CO_2$ had 38% larger root mass that was more than offset the 20% lower efficiency of P-uptake and accounted for increased phosphorus accumulation by high $CO_2$ plant. These results suggest that the reduced phosphorus concentration in soybean plant under $CO_2$ enrichment may be an acclimation response to high $CO_2$ concentration or enhanced starch accumulation, resulting in the plants to have a lower phosphorus requirement on a unit dry weight basis or a high phosphorus utilization efficiency under these conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The objectives of this research were to investigate the system of rice intensification (SRI) on early growth, grain yield, and yield components under Chinese milk vetch residue-mulched no-tillage cropping systems at silt loam soil. The field was prepared as a split-plot design with three replications, main plots consisted of Dongjinbyeo, and Sobibyeo as a cultivar, and subplots consisted of $10{\times}10$ cm, $20{\times}20$ cm, and $30{\times}30$ cm as a planting density. Weed infestation during rice growing season was more severe in wider planting density $30{\times}30$ at 35 days after transplanting (DAT), and $20{\times}20$ cm at 95 DAT in both Sobibyeo and Dongjinbyeo. The maximum plant height was recorded in Sobibyeo compared with Dongjinbyeo, $10{\times}10$ cm and $20{\times}20$ cm planting density compared with $30{\times}30$ cm from 20 DAT until 60 DAT. Among the three planting densities, SPAD values were significantly greater in planting density of $20{\times}20$ cm both in Sobibyeo and Dongjinbyeo followed by $30{\times}30$ cm compared with closer planting density of $10{\times}10$ cm. The lowest grain yield was observed in wider planting density of $30{\times}30$ in both Sobibyeo and Dongjinbyeo due to lower number of panicle per unit area. Our findings suggest that optimum planting density for SRI in no-tillage paddy was $20{\times}20$ cm and it should be useful the systems to small-scale rice farmers in Korea as a sustainable farming system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.897-905
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• 2019

To compare the composting characteristics of food waste supplemented with various bulking agents, aerated composting was performed by mixing sawdust, ginkgo leaves, insect feces, and mushroom waste at ratios of 6 : 4 (w/w). The initial temperatures (day after treatment [DAT] 3) of the sawdust, ginkgo leaves, insect feces and the mushroom waste mixtures were 39, 58, 65, and 51℃, respectively. The DAT 3 temperature was the highest in the food waste-insect feces mixture (65℃) and the lowest in the sawdust one (39℃). However, the insect feces treatment was terminated at DAT 21 because of a high water content (70.92%). The water content (DAT 56) of the composted food waste supplemented with sawdust, mushroom waste, and ginkgo leaves stood at 51.28, 39.81, and 44.92%, respectively. Therefore, the fully mature composts satisfied the water content requirement of less than 55% as recommended in the fertilizer standards of the RDA of Korea. The results of the CoMMe-101, Solvita and seed germination index methods indicate that the mushroom waste and ginkgo leaves treatments matured relatively quicker than that of the sawdust one. Based on the above observations, it is concluded that the mushroom waste and ginkgo leaves are more effective bulking agents compared to sawdust and as such, are recommended as suitable replacements for sawdust in food waste composting.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two different formulations and application timings of benzobicyclon+penoxsulam+pyrzaosulfuron-ethyl (BPP) in rice field. BPP granule (GR) and tablet (TB) controlled more than 90% of four weed species 10 and 15 days after sowing in direct seeding when compared with untreated control. BPP TB was highly effective to control herbicide resistant Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis both 10 and 15 days after transplanting (DAT). BPP GR controlled 94.0 and 96.5% of S. juncoides and M. vaginalis, respectively 10 DAT, but its efficacy decreased to 88.5 and 49.8% respectively 15 DAT. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at 255 and 510 g a.i./ha of BPP. The yield of rice increased in both BPP GR and TB in transplanting and direct seeding rice cultivation when compared with untreated control. Based on these data, early application (10 DAT) of BPP GR and TB can be applied to provide effective weed control, especially in the field infested with herbicide resistant weed species.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2001

Purpose/Methods: Repeated administration of methamphetamine (METH) produces high extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and subsequent striatal DA terminal damage. The effect of MK-801, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, on METH-induced changes in DA transporter (DAT) and DA release evoked by an acute METH challenge was evaluated in rodent striatum uslng $[^3H]$]WIN 38,428 ex vivo auto-radiography and in vivo microdialysis. Results: Four injections of METH (10 mg/kg, i.p.), each given 2 h apart, produced 71% decrease in DAT levels in mouse striatum 3 d after administration. Pretreatment with MK-801 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before each of the four METH injections protected completely against striatal DAT depletions. Four injections of MK-801 alone did not significantly change striatal DAT levels. Striatal DA release evoked by an acute METH challenge (4 mg/kg, i.p.) at 3 d after repeated administration of METH in rats was decreased but significant compared with controls, which was attenuated by repeated pretreatment with MK-801. Also, repeated injections of MK-801 alone attenuated acute METH-induced striatal DA release 3 d after administration. Conclusion: These results suggest that repeated administration of MK-801 may exert a preventive effect against METH-induced DA terminal injury through long-term attenuation of DA release induced by METH and other stimuli.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth characteristics of sorghum in the different planting methods: direct sowing and transplanting (20 days after sowing, DAS). Weed weight was taken from three randomly chosen-2 plots 60 DAS (DAT). One time (20, 30 days after transplanting, DAT) and two times (10/20, 10/30, 20/30, 20/40 DAS) application of weeder machine (FRT 80E) were conducted for direct sowing and transplanting, respectively. In transplanting, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine at 90 DAT was about 67% (DAT 20), 57% (DAT 30) at one time and 87% at two times. The most effective application number was two times (20/40 DAT) followed by one time (20 DAT). However, when reviewing yield and economy, the frequency and times of using weeder machine were preferably one time and 20 DAT. Results with mechanical weed control have been particularly good in transplanted row crops such as sorghum. In direct sowing, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine 60 DAS was about 87% (10/20 DAS), 88% (10/30 DAS) and 82% (20/30 DAS) at two times, respectively. When reviewing yield and economy, the times and frequency of weeder machine were preferably two times, 10 and 30 DAS.