• Title/Summary/Keyword: DAP

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The Characteristic of Radiation Exposure for Radiologist with Applying Condition in Interventional Radiology in Cardiology (심장내과의 중재적 시술시 시술조건에 따른 방사선사의 방사선 노출 특성)

  • Park, Jeong-Kyu;Cho, Euy-Hyun
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.421-429
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    • 2012
  • Lately, the number of interventional radiology is increased by the extension of procedure in medical radiation, and radiation exposure may be appeared differently by interventional radiologists, it is caused increase of radiation dose for radiation worker, patient, and radiologists. This study has done a comparative analysis characteristic of radiation exposure for five radiologists who executed interventional cardiology for 303 patients in S university hospital of Gyeong-Buk from Nov. 1, 2011 to Jan. 31, 2011. The average exposure time of five radiologists was 697.95sec. The average of cumulative DAP(exp) for patients was $52,730mGycm^2$ and the average of total DAP for patients was $104,875.14mGycm^2$. The average of frames for image was 855.52 frames in acquired images, and the average of frames for images was 802.2 frames in exposure images. They were statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Exposure time, cumulative DAP(fluro), cumulative DAP(exp), total DAP, acquired image, and exposure image were high correlation except cumulative DAP(exp), and acquired runs in x-ray exposure characteristics of machine. Exposure time was a great influence on radiologist. It signified that the more exposure time lead to the more radiation dose for radiologist. Radiation dose is related to ability, experience, difficulty, and precision of procedures in interventional procedure. The number of angiography and exposure time is difficult to control by radiologists. Therefore, it is in need of reasonable system which was evaluated the real dose of medical teams in interventional proceedings. We think that self education and training are required to reduce radiation dose for radiologists and radiation workers.

Developmental Changes in Digestive Enzymes Activity of Black Rockfish Sebastes inermis (볼락, Sebastes inermis 자.치어의 성장에 따른 소화효소 활성 변화)

  • Gwak Woo-Seok;Park Dae-Won
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2006
  • Black rockfish larvae and juveniles were reared for 95 days after parturition (DAP) in order to determine four enzyme activities (trypsin, pepsine-like enzyme, lipase, amylase) during ontogeny. Larvae were fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis from 1 to 25 DAP, Artemia nauplii from 10 to 78 DAP and then gradually changed to pelleted feed from 30 DAP. Temperature was kept between $13.5{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$. Trypsin and lipase activities were found in 2 DAP larvae ($7.0{\pm}1.5$ unit and $4.5{\pm}1.4$ unit, $mean{\pm}SD$, respectively). The evolution of both enzymes activities showed a profile marked by drastic increases between postflexion and juvenile stage. There is an increment on specific trypsin activity at 10 DAP, corresponding with the beginning of Artemia feeding. Pepsin-like enzyme activity was found at 11 DAP and increased drastically from 56 DAP, cor-responding with the initiation of juvenile stage. Amylase activity was also found at 11 DAP and maintained at a low level up to 38 DAP followed by a drastic increase from 39 DAP to 50 DAP. Considering our results of both trypsin and pepsin-like enzyme activities, it might be concluded that higher somatic growth of Sebastes inermis could be possible with the initiation juvenile of stage and the early juvenile stage is a suit-able period for feeding an artificial diet for fish.

Improved Authentication Protocol for Privacy Protection in RFID Systems (프라이버시 보호를 위한 개선된 RFID 인증 프로토콜)

  • Oh, Sejin;Lee, Changhee;Yun, Taejin;Chung, Kyungho;Ahn, Kwangseon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38C no.1
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2013
  • In 2012, Woosik Bae proposed a DAP3-RS(Design of Authentication Protocol for Privacy Protection in RFID Systems) using the hash function and AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm to hide Tag's identification and to generates variable data in every session. He argued that the DAP3-RS is safe from spoofing attack, replay attack, traffic analysis and etc. Also, the DAP3-RS resolved problem by fixed metaID of Hash-Lock protocol using AES algorithm. However, unlike his argue, attacker can pass authentication and traffic analysis using by same data and fixed hash value on the wireless. We proposed authentication protocol based on AES algorithm. Also, our protocol is secure and efficient in comparison with the DAP3-RS.

Feeding di-ammonium phosphate as a phosphorous source in finishing lambs reduced excretion of phosphorus in feces without detrimental effects on animal performance

  • Koolivand, Abolfazl;Yari, Mojtaba;Khalaji, Saeed;Jonker, Arjan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.527-532
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Phosphorous (P) sources with greater bioavailability might increase animal production efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. The objective of current study was to determine animal performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and fecal P concentration in finishing lambs fed a diet with either di-calcium phosphate (DCP) or di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) as a P source. Methods: Twelve 4-month-old male lambs (initial body weight $24.87{\pm}3.4kg$) were randomly allocated to a diet with either DCP or DAP (~261 g/kg of total diet P) fed ad libitum for 93 days. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and had same calcium (Ca) and P concentrations. Results: The DAP contained 19.7 g/kg of dry matter (DM) Ca, 185.4 g/kg DM P and 14,623 ppm fluorine, while DCP contained 230.3 g/kg DM Ca, 195.2 g/kg DM P and 1,039 ppm fluorine. The diet with DAP contained 60 ppm fluorine while the diet with DCP contained 13 ppm fluorine. Lambs fed the diet with DAP tended to have a greater daily DM intake compared to those fed diet with DCP (p = 0.09). Lambs fed DAP had greater plasma P concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity ($p{\leq}0.01$) compared with lambs fed DCP. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were similar between two treatments at days 60 and 90, while they were greater in lambs fed DCP (p<0.05) at day 30 of the trial. Feeding DAP increased P digestibility (58.7% vs 50.2%; p<0.05) and decreased fecal P concentration in lambs compared with feeding DCP (3.1 vs 3.8 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Conclusion: Providing ~261 g/kg of total diet P as DAP in the diet of finishing lambs improved the bioavailability of P in the body and decreased excretion of P in feces without affecting lamb performance.

The Relationship Between Teacher's Beliefs Regarding Developmentally Appropriate Practice and Their Creative Roles (「발달에 적합한 실제」에 대한 유아교사의 신념과 창의적 역할과의 관계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yeoun Seung;Lim, Ae Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.183-193
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    • 2001
  • This study explored the feasibility of various applications of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) by examining the relationship between teachers' belief in DAP and their creative roles. Subjects were 203 teachers of public, private, national, and corporate day care centers in Pusan. Data analysis was by ANOVA. Results showed that with the exception of fluency, teacher's degree of belief in DAP correlated with differences in all the sub-categories of creative roles, including indulgence and perseverance, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Conclusions were that teachers could enhance their creative roles through inclusion of DAP in teacher education.

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Developmentally Appropriate Practice : The Beliefs and Practices of Kindergarten Principals and Teachers (발달에 적합한 실제에 대한 유치원 원장의 교육신념 및 교사의 교육신념과 교수실제)

  • Nam, Mi Kyung;Hwang, Hae Ik
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.167-181
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    • 2001
  • This study explored the beliefs and practices of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) in 83 principals and 83 teachers of public and private kindergartens in Pusan and Ulsan. The research instruments was a teacher questionnaire by Kang(2000). Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results showed that educational and career variables were unrelated to the DAP beliefs of principals, but there were differences in DAP beliefs by career variables of teachers. Teachers' use of DAP varied as a function of children's age and of combined levels of beliefs of principals and teachers.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Dimer Acid-Based Polyamides (다이머산계 폴리아미드의 합성 및 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hyun Ju;Jeon, Ho Kyun;Oh, Sang Taek
    • Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.136-140
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    • 2016
  • In this study, a series of dimer acid-based polyamides with different diamines were synthesized by condensation polymerization and the polyamides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Effects of diamine structures on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamides were investigated. The tensile strength and lap shear adhesion strength of aromatic-based polyamide (DAP) were higher than those of aliphatic-based polyamide (DAH). In DSC thermogram, DAP has a high $T_g$ and $T_m$ compared with DAH. DAP's and DAH's softening point were $112-115^{\circ}C$ and $98-121^{\circ}C$, respectively.

Site-speci fic Inactivation o meso-Diaminopimelate-dehydrogenase Gene (ddh) in a Lysine-producing Brevibacterium lactofementum. (Brevibacterium lactofermentum 에서 meso-Diaminopimelate-dehydrogenase Gene (ddh)의 Site-specific Inactivation)

  • 김옥미;박선희;이갑랑
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.387-392
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    • 1998
  • Brevibacterium lactofermentum, a gram-positive bacteria, has both the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway and meso-DAP-dehydrogenase (DDH) pathway for L-lysine biosynthesis. To investigate importance of DDH pathway and the related ddh gene in lysine production, we introduced site-specific mutagenesis technique. A 300 bp DNA fragment central to the meso-DAP-dehydrogenase gene (ddh) of B. lactofermentum was used to inactive chromosomal ddh gene via homologous recombination. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that the chromosomal ddh gene was disrupted by the vector sequence. The B. lactofementum ddh mutant obtained have an inactive DDH pathway. The results reveal that inactivation of the ddh gene in B. lactofermentum leads to dramatic reduction of lysine production as well as decrease of the growth rate, indicating that the DDH pathway is essential for high-level lysine production as well as biosynthesis of meso-DAP.

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Determination of Retinol Equivalent of Carrots according to Varieties and Harvest Time (품종 및 수확시기에 따른 당근의 Retinol Equivalent 측정)

  • Kim, Young-A;Rhee, Hei-Soo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1983
  • An investigation was made of the effect of carrot variety and harvest time (DAP) on the composition of carotenoids and the Retinol Equivalent value by column chromatography, and of the relation of the total carotenoid content to the Retinol Equivalent by regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There were very significant differences of total carotenoid, ${\alpha}-carotene,\;and\;{\beta}-carotene$ contents among carrot varieties and between two harvest times(90 DAP, 99 DAP). Especially, each component of carotenoids in carrots harvested at 99 DAP attained higher concentrations than 90 DAP. 2. Retinol Equivalent value showed the tendency to increase as the numbers of DAP incr The Shindaehyung-Ochon and Hongshim-Ochon varieties had the highest RE. value. 3. In the composition of carotenoids and Retinol Equivalent value, the Shamgae-Ochon variety had the nearest value to the mean of all variety. Therefore, it is most reasonable to use the Shamgae-Ochon variety for the analysis of vitamin A value in carrots. 4. The regression of the totel carotenoid (x) to the Retinol Equivalent (y) was y = 0.074 + 0.12x $(r^2$ = 0.91). So, if total carotenoid content is determined, R.E. value can be predicted by this regression equations, saving time and labor.

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Usability Evaluation by Development of IRIS Type X-ray Collimator (조리개형 X선 콜리메이터의 개발에 따른 유용성 평가)

  • Kang, In-Seog;Park, Jae-Yoon;Lim, Cheong-Hwan;Choi, Jae-Ho;Jung, Hong-Ryang
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2018
  • In this study, we evaluated the DAP(Dose Area Product) reduction effect of the newly developed IRIS collimator by measuring the DAP of the Rectangle collimator and the IRIS collimator depending on the field, SID(Source to Image recpetor Distance) change, and AEC mode use. The results were as follows. The IRIS collimator decreased DAP by 34.91, 29.33, and 29.04%, respectively, compared to the Rectangle collimator when the field was increased to $8{\times}8$, $12{\times}12$, $16{\times}16inch$. And also, when the SID was increased to 100, 120 and 140 cm, the IRIS collimator decreased DAP by 10.73, 33.68 and 46.22%, respectively, compared to the Rectangle collimator. In AEC mode and none-AEC mode, DAP in IRIS collimator was reduced by 32.71 and 21.69%, respectively, compared with the Rectangle type. The IRIS collimator can reduce DAP by 29.62% on average compared to Rectangle type, which is statistically significant. These results suggest that the newly developed IRIS collimator can be used in medical field to alleviate radiation exposure.