• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 1986

동부의 생리적 성숙기와 풋 동부로 이용할 때의 적정 수확기를 구명하기 위해 서원동부를 공시해서 본 실험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 협장, 협폭은 개화후 10일에 최대에 달했고, 협후는 14 일에 최대로 된 후 쭈그러들기 시작하여 18 일에 안정되었다. 2. 깍지의 두께는 개화후 8일에 최대에 달한 후 얇아지기 시작했고, 깍지의 무게는 14일에 최대로 되었다. 3. 종실의 장과 폭은 개화후 10 일에 최대로 된 후 16 일까지 그 크기를 유지하다 작아지기 시작했으며 입중은 16 일에 최대에 달했다. 4. 탈녹색은 종실에서 개화후 8 일부터 깍지는 10일부터 시작되어 16 일에 협ㆍ실 모두 완전한 품종고유의 색이 되었다. 5. 개화후 8일부터 협실에서 수분감소가 일어나며 입중이 최대에 달한 생리적 성숙기의 종실 수분함량은 54.5%였다. 6. SiO$_2$는 협ㆍ실 어디에도 존재하지 않았고 T-N는 깍지에서 개화후 14일까지 감소하다 0.04%를 유지했고 종실에서는 0.20~0.24% 였으며 $K_2$O, CaO 및 MgO는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 7. Oil 함량은 개화후 일수가 경과함에 따라 감소하며, Carbohydrate는 증가하는 경향이었다. 8. 동부의 생리적 성숙기는 최대 입중이 되고, 완전 탈녹색이 된 개화후 16일이며, 풋 동부로 이용할 때는 개화후 12 일~16 일에 수확하는 것이 합리적이었다. 9. 개화후 10 일부터 발아력이 있으나 14 일 이후부터 정상적 발아가 가능하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 2004

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective solid/liquid separation process for low density particles, such as algal flocs, humus materials and clay particles produced from low turbidity water. The fraction of humic substances for natural organic matters (NOMs) are considered problematic in water because it can readily react with chlorine to form harmful by-products (trihalomethanes) and can be exposed to undesirable color, tastes and odors in drinking water. A broad class of NOMs includes fulvic acid, humic acid and humin. This paper will discuss the results from a study that performed with a DAF pump process using synthetic wastewater contained humic substance. Batch jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulant dose and recycle ratio on flotation efficiency.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.617-626
• /
• 2006

Compared with the sludge from gravity sedimentation, it is difficult for operations to settle the sludge occurred from dissolved-air-flotation (DAF). Even though there are some problems in treating DAF sludge with conventional gravity thickeners, those has been used until now. In this study, Solid Flux theory for gravity thickening was applied to the Solid Flux of DAF sludge through flotation in order to develop new methodology for treatment of DAF sludge. Also, characteristics of DAF sludge were investigated. From the experiment results, it was revealed that the higher the polymer dosage, at fixed the solid concentration, the greater the rising velocity becomes. When we applied solid flux theory, the relationship, which is similar to that of gravity thickening, has been achieved. Also, we could find the proper polymer dosage from the rising velocity is about 50 mg/L. Consequently, the limiting solid flux can be derived from the relationship between the total solid flux and the withdrawal velocity of DAF sludge. Furthermore, the factors, such as solid concentrations, bubble volume, pH, zeta potential, and temperature, have effects on the flotation and sedimentation for DAF sludge treatment.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2004

DAF process has been designed considering raw water quality characteristics in Korea. Although direct filtration is usually operated, DAF is operated when the freshwater blooms occut or raw water turbidity become high. Pre-sedimentation iS prepared in case when raw water turbidity is very high by rainstorms. A main feature of this plant is that the operation mode can be changed (controlled) based on the characteristics of raw water to optimize the effluent quality and the operation costs. Treatment capacity (surface loading rate) and efficiency of DAF was found to be better than conventional sedimentation process. Moreover, low-density particles (algae and alum flocs) are easily separated while it is difficult to remove in sedimentation. One of the main concerns in adoption of DAF (Dissolved Air-Flotation) process is a high raw water turbidity problem. That is, DAF is not adequate for raw water, which is more turbid than 100NTU. In order to avoid this problem, pre-sedimentation basins are prepared in DAF plant to decrease the turbidity of DAF influent. For simulation of the actual operation, bench and full-scale tests were performed for highly turbid water conditions. Consequently, DAF process coupled with sedimentation is suggested that pre-sedimentation with optimum coagulation prior to DAF would be appropriate.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.516-520
• /
• 2008

우리나라는 상수도시설의 노후화와 그 동안의 상수원 수질변화에 대응한 정수처리공정의 개량과 개선이 요구되어지고 있는 상황에 있어서, 기존의 정수처리공정에 어떠한 시설개량이나 설비의 보완 없이 DAF 공정을 추가하여 점토와 조류입자를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 DAF hybrid 공정의 적용성을 살펴보고자 일련의 실험을 실시하였다. DAF 공정의 설치위치는 조류입자의 제거에는 응집지나 침전지 전단을 이용하는 DAF-CGS 공정조합보다는 침전지 후단 또는 여과지 전단을 이용하는 DAF-CSF 방식이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, DAF-CSF hybrid 공정을 도입함으로써 기존의 상수처리조건과 동일한 처리속도(수리학적 부하량)에서 처리효율이 향상될 것이며, 높은 수리학적 부하에서도 재래식 상수도시설에 적용하여 안정된 처리효율을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 한약탕제 찌꺼기를 친환경 퇴비자원으로서 재활용하기 위하여 발효과정을 거친 퇴비(MHWC: medicinal herb waste compost)와 계분퇴비(PMC: poultry manure compost) 및 이를 혼합한 퇴비(MHWC+PMC, 1:1)를 식재 2년생 복분자 포장에 무처리(0), 20, 40 Mg/ha로 처리하여 꽃이 첫 개화한 시기를 기점으로 15, 20, 25 DAF(day after flowering)를 수확시기로 하여 수확한 복분자 과실의 생리활성을 조사하여 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복분자의 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 15 DAF 과실에서와는 달리 20, 25 DAF 과실에서 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 수확시기별로는 25>20>15 DAF 순이었고, 그 함량은 40 MHWC Mg/ha가 가장 높았다. Flavonoid 함량변화는 총 페놀성 화합물 함량변화와 유사하였다. 전자공여효과는 15, 20 DAF 과실에서는 차이가 없었지만, 25 DAF 과실에서는 낮은 효과를 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거효과는 pH 1.2>4.2>6.0 순으로 pH 의존적인 경향이었으며 15, 20 DAF 과실보다 25 DAF 과실이 저하되었다. Tyrosinase 저해효과는 MHWC 처리구가 가장 우수하고 처리량에 따라 저해효과가 증가되었으며 15, 20 DAF 과실은 25 DAF 과실보다 낮은 효과를 보였다. Xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 25 DAF 과실의 MHWC 처리구에서 가장 높았고, PMC 및 MHWC+PMC처리구와 UC와의 차이는 인정하기 어려웠다. 이상의 결과에서 MHWC 처리에 따른 복분자 과실의 생리활성이 증가경향을 보여 친환경퇴비자원으로서 가치가 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1980

To determine the optimum harvest time of recent rice varieties from Indica/Japonica remote crosses, leading varieties Suweon 264 and Milyang 23 were tested for the changes in dry matter weight and moisture content of grain, shattering, shelling ratio, milling ratio, and apparant physical quality during grain development at 5 day-intervals from 20 days to 55 days after heading. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Grain weight (dry matter) reached its maximum (physiological maturity) at 30 days after flowering (DAF) in Suweon 264, and at 35 days in Milyang 23, and thereafter it did not change significantly until 55 DAF. 2. Time course of decrease in grain moisture content (Y, %) during maturation (X, DAF) consisted of two linear phases, i.e. a fast and a slow period: Y=68.245-1.33X until 34DAF, and Y=23.025-0.470X until 55DAF after 34DAF in Suweon 264; Y=73.62-1.634X until 24.5DAF, and Y=33.59-0.570X until 55DAF after 24.5DAF in Milyang 23. Two varieties showed the same grain moisture content of 28% (wet basis) at physiological maturity in spite of the distinct differences in the heading date, time of physiological maturity and thereby ripening climate. 3. Force to shatter a grain ranged about 90 to 100g in Milyang 23, and about 200 to 250g in Suweon 264 and in a Japonica variety, Jinheung. The force, however, did not change significantly with harvest time from 35DAF to 50DAF. 4. The changes in the ratios of shelling, milling, broken rice and tinted rice with harvest time were insignificant during a period from 35DAF to 55DAF. However, ratios of green rice and white belly rice decreased significantly with delay in harvest time during 10 days after physiological maturity. 5. The best time of harvest for maximum yield and good quality is thought to be 10 days after physiological maturity, and grain moisture content at this time was about 20% on wet basis.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.837-842
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to test the effect of residual Al on plankton community after dissolved air flotation (DAF) application. Growth rate of phytoplankton after DAF application ($0.37day^{-1}$) was about 2 times lower than that before DAF application ($0.70day^{-1}$). Under the condition of addition of nitrogen and phosphorus without light, growth rate phytoplankton in treatment without residual Al increased in difference with showing the negative growth rate in treatment with residual Al. Under the condition of light without addition of nutrient, growth rate of phytoplankton was no noticeable difference between the before and after DAF application. The relatively high settling rate (0.47 m/day) was observed in treatment after DAF application. Although the abundance of rotifer decreased, the abundance of copepod and cladoceran such as Daphnia galeata, Diaphanosoma sp. and Bosmina longirostris with relative higher grazing was no noticeable difference between the before and after DAF application. In the treatments before and after DAF application with zooplankton, growth rate of phytoplankton was $0.41{\pm}0.08day^{-1}$, $0.20{\pm}0.03day^{-1}$, respectively. This difference was in treatment after DAF application similar with those in treatments before and after DAF application without zooplankton. Those indicate that the filter-feeding effect of zooplankton on phytoplankton community may be not changed by residual Al after the DAF application. These results suggest that residual Al after DAF application be to improve water quality by inhibition of growth rate as well as increasing settling rate of phytoplankton.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 2004

Changes in the level of metabolites in leaves and pods were examined with respect to the seed chemical composition in black soybean. There was no further increase in pod length after 42 days after flowering (DAF). Pod weight, however, persistently increase until 73 DAF, thereafter the weight was slightly lowered. The seed storage protein, however, increased drastically as the increasing rate of pod weight was lessened at 61 DAF. The accumulation of seed storage proteins was occurred conspicuously as the increasing rate of pod weight was slowed down. The chlorophyll content both in leaves and pods was drastically decreased after 50 DAF. The beginning of drastic reduction in chlorophyll content was occurred concomitantly with the reduction of soluble protein content in leaves. The sugar content in leaves showed similar tendency with chlorophyll and soluble protein content. The starch level in leaves, however, showed different changing pattern during seed development. The starch content in leaves was increased persistently until 66 DAF, thereafter the content was decreased drastically to about $55\%$ of maximal value at 66 DAF. Total phenolics content in leaves and the anthocyanins content in seeds were stable without noticeable increase until 66 DAF. The contents were increased dramatically after 66 DAF showing the synchronized pattern with the decrease in starch level in leaves. The levels of the selected metabolites in leaf and seed suggested that the accumulation of chemical components of black soybean seed is launched actively at 66 DAF. The profile of storage proteins was nearly completed at 61 DAF because there was no large difference in densitometric intensity among protein subunits after 61 DAF. In soybean, chemical maturation of seed begins around 61 to 66 DAF at which most metabolites in vegetative parts are decreased and remobilized into maturing seeds.

• 정보화연구
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 SBA AF의 효율적인 구축을 지원하기 위해 Architecture framework(AF)는 Enterprise Architecture(EA)를 운영하고 개발하기 위해 필요한 요소들을 정의하고 그 요소들간의 관계를 파악하기 위한 가이드라인이다. 정부 및 여러 분야에서는 자크만 프레임워크, DoDAF, TOGAF, FEAF와 TEAF 등을 비롯한 많 아키텍처 프레임워크를 사용하고 있다. DoDAF는 국방분야에서 EA의 개발을 지원하기 위해 사용되는 가장 대표적은 아키텍처 프레임워크이다. DoDAF는 8개의 viewpoint와 40개의 view로 구성되어 있다. 특정목저에 맞춰 아키텍처프레임워크를 개발하기 위하여서는 시스템 아키텍트는 일련의 view들 및 해당 view들을 모델링하기 위해 필요한 data들을 선택하여야 한다. 그러나 DoDAF에는 다수의 view 및 data들과 이 들 사이에는 복잡한 연관관계들이 존재한다. 따라서 특정목적을 달성하기 위한 아키텍처 프레임워크를 개발하기 위하여선 매우 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하다. 이러한 시스템 아키텍트의 노력을 줄이기 위하여 본 연구에서는 뷰들사이에 존재하는 순서나 이행 혹은 상호참조관계등을 고려한 ONT-DAF(DoDAF를 위한 온톨로지)를 개발하였다. 또한 단일 아키텍처 프레임워크 내에 존재하는 view와 data의 재사용성을 위하여 DoDAF 가이드라인에 통합적으로 존재하는 view-data의 정보들을 각각 분리하여 구축하였다. 이러한 ONT-DAF는 'viewpoint', 'data', 'view', 'expression method'와 'reference model'의 5개의 class와 'has data', 'has view', 'has related view' 등 총 16개의 properties로 구성되어 있으며 이를 활용하기 위하여 JESS engine과 SWRL rule을 활용한 총 4가지 유형의 8개의 룰을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 효과성을 입증하기 위하여 MoDAF에 존재하는 AV-1의 사례를 기반으로한 사례연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 본 ONT-DAF를 활용하였을 경우 시스템 아키텍트가 초기에 얻을 수 있는 정보가 단순 view많이 아닌 해당 view와 연관된 view 및 그 들 사이에 존재하는 연관관계와 view를 모델링하기 위해 필요한 data를 포함한 정보들을 제공함으로써 ONT-DAF의 효과성을 입증하였다.