• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1981년도 제15차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.38.2-39
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• 1981

어음청취역치는 어음명료도검사를 위한 기초검사이며 순음청력검사의 신뢰도를 검증하는데도 이용된다. 순음청럭검사와 어음청취역치의 연관성을 보기위해 본원에 내원한 전음성난청환자 50이(33명), 정상인 30이(40명)에 대해 Grason-Stadler 1702 Audiometer를 사용하여 순음청력검사와 어음청취역치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 어음청취역치와 회화음역에서의 순음평균치의 차이는 전음성난청의 경우 그 범위가 -3,3dB∼+8.3dB로 평근 2.4dB의 격차를 보였고 정상인의 경우 그 범위가 -6.7dB∼+5dB로 평균 1.9dB의 격차를 보였다. 2) 회화음역의 500Hz, 1,000Hz, 2,000Hz 각 주파수에서의 역치와 어음청취역치간의 차이는 전음성난청의 경우 500Hz에서 평균 6dB, 1,000Hz에서 평균 3dB, 2,000Hz에서 평균8.8dB였으며 정상인의 경우 500Hz에사 평균 3dB, 1,000Hz에서 평균 2dB, 2,000Hz에서 평균 5dB로서 전음성난청과 정상인에서 다같이 1,000Hz에서 어음청취역치와 순음역치의 차이가 가장 적었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.649-658
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• 2019

In this paper, we prove some congruences involving the generalized Catalan numbers and harmonic numbers modulo $p^2$, one of which is $$\sum\limits_{k=1}^{p-1}k^2B_{p,k}B_{p,k-d}{\equiv}4(-1)^d\{{\frac{1}{3}}d(2d^2+1)(4pH_d-1)-p\({\frac{26}{9}}d^3+{\frac{4}{3}}d^2+{\frac{7}{9}}d+{\frac{1}{2}}\)\}\;(mod\;p^2)$$, where a prime number p > 3 and $1{\leq}d{\leq}p$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2010

STZ으로 당뇨를 유발 8주 후 당뇨대조군은 공복혈당이 $451{\pm}42.6\;mg/dL$인데 비해 Kocat-D1-1(Kocat-D1 추출물을 0.25 g/kg/day 투여한 군)에서는 $334.3{\pm}32.9\;mg/dL$, Kocat-D1-2(Kocat-D1 추출물을 1 g/kg/day 투여한 군)에서는 $259.5{\pm}35.0\;mg/dL$로 투여 농도에 의존적으로 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적 수준으로 혈당이 낮아졌다. OGTT 검사에서도 180분 경과 후에도 당뇨대조군은 포도당 투여전보다 혈당이 $55.5{\pm}5.1\;mg/dL$ 높았으나 Kocat-D1-2는 $17.0{\pm}7.4\;mg/dL$로 유의적으로 낮아졌다. STZ에 의해 유도된 당뇨쥐는 정상대조군에 비해 혈장내의 GOT($411.3{\pm}31.3\;U/L$), GPT($162.3{\pm}23.2\;U/L$) 모두 현저히 증가하였다. 이에 비해 Kocat-D1-2 군에서는 GOT($247.0{\pm}33.4\;U/L$), GPT($116.3{\pm}17.4\;U/L$) 모두 유의적인 수준으로 당뇨대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 알부민 수치 또한 정상대조군 $3.9{\pm}0.1\;U/L$에 비해 당뇨대조군은 $2.7{\pm}0.3\;U/L$으로 낮아졌으나 Kocat-D1-2군에서는 $3.0{\pm}0.1\;U/L$로 증가하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤 수치 또한 정상대조군이 $26.8{\pm}3.9\;mg/dL$인데 비해 당뇨대조군은 $11.7{\pm}1.3\;mg/dL$로 낮아졌다. 그러나 Kocat-D1을 투여한 두 군 모두 각각 $22.3{\pm}2.0$, $26.8{\pm}1.2\;mg/dL$로 유의적인 수준으로 증가하였다. 간조직의 조직학적 관찰에서도 당뇨대조군의 경우 간세포사이에 지방구가 관찰되었으나, Kocat-D1-2는 거의 정상대조군과 유사하였으며 지방구를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 각 실험군의 혈액 중 인슐린 농도를 측정한 결과 정상대조군 $0.18{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$인데 비해 당뇨대조군은 $0.05{\pm}0.04\;ng/mL$로 낮아졌으나 Kocat-D1-1은 $0.11{\pm}0.05$, Kocat-D1-2는 $0.13{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$로 증가하였다. 췌장의 베타세포의 상대적 용적을 측정한 결과 Kocat-D1-2 군은 당뇨대조군의 $12.9{\pm}7.9%$에 비해 $49.4{\pm}4.2%$로 유의적인 수준으로 증가하였다. Kocat-D1-1군에서도 당뇨대조군보다 증가하는 경향은 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Kocat-D1은 인슐린을 분비를 촉진시켜 혈당을 강하시키는 항당뇨효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 아직 명확한 학명 규명이 규명되지는 않았지만 Kocat-D1은 의약품 소재 및 기능성 식품 소재로서의 활용가능성이 있음을 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1997

In order to assess the possibility whether CYP2D is involved in caffeine metabolism, we have purified and characterized the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P4502D1 (CYP2D1), equivalent to CYP2D6 in human liver, and have utilized the reconstituted CYP2D1 in the metabolism of 4 primary caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) metabolites such as paraxanthine (1, 7-dimethylxanthine), 1, 3, 7-trimethylurate, theophylline (1, 3-dimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3, 7-dimethylxanthine). Rat liver CYP 2D1 has been purified to a specific content of 8.98 nmole/mg protein (13.4fold purification, 1.5% yield) using $\omega$-aminooctylagarose, hydroxlapatite, and DE52 columns in a sequential manner. As judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the purified CYP2D1 was apparently homogeneous. Molecular weight of the purified CYP2D1 was found to be 51, 000 Da. Catalytic activity of the purified and then reconstituted CYP2D1 was confirmed by using bufuralol, a known subsFate of CYP2D1. The reconstituted CYP2D1 was found to produce to 1-hydroxylbufuralol at a rate of 1.43$\pm$0.13 nmol/min/nmol P450. The kinetic analysis of bufuralol hydroxylation indicated that Km and Vmax values were 7.32$\mu M$ and 1.64 nmol/min/nmol P450, respectively. The reconstituted CYP2D1 could catalyze the 7-demethylation of PX to 1-methylxanthine at a rate of 12.5 pmol/min/pmol, and also the 7- and 3- demethylations of 1, 3, 7-trimethylurate to 1, 3-dimethylurate and 1, 7-dimethylurate at 6.5 and 12.8 pmol/min/pmol CYP2D1, respectively. The reconstituted CYP2D1 could also 3-demethylate theophylline to 1-methylxanthine at 5 pmol/min/pmol and hydroxylate the theophylline to 1, 3-dimethylurate at 21.8 pmol/min/pmol CYP2D1. The reconstituted CYP2D1, however, did not metabolize TB at all (detection limits were 0.03 pmol/min/pmol). This study indicated that CYP2D1 is involved in 3-and 7-demethylations of paraxanthine and theophylline and suggested that CYP2D6 (equivalent to CYP2D1 in rat liver) present in human liver may be involved in the secondary metabolism of the primary metabolites of caffeine.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.427-434
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• 1983

본 논문에서는 가변차단 주파수 2 - D FIR 필터를 특성치 분해법을 이용하여 설계하는 기법을 제시하였다. 특성치 분해법은 2 - D 필터링을 1 - D 필터로 설치할 수 있게 하는 특징이 있다. 설계된 가변차단 주파수 2 - D 필터는 실시간 동작 영상처리 시스템에 응용할 수 있다. 우선 2 - D FIR 필터를 특정치 분해법으로 분해하여 1 - D 설계기법을 이용하여 가변차단 주파수 2 - D FIR 필터를 설계하였다. 끝으로 몇가지 설계예를 보임으로써 본 기법의 유효성임을 입증하였다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Three D-type cyelins (D1, D2, and D3) are expressed in G1 phase of the cell cyele and have been implicated in cell transformation and neoplasia in human and mouse. Cyclin D1 overexpression or amplification was described in various human cancers. However, there is controversy about the role of cyclin D2 in cell cyele progression and human carcinogenesis. Specially, loss of cyelin D2 is involved in a vital tumor suppressor function in normal breast tissue, and that its loss may be related to tumorigenesis. The author examined to effect over-expression of cyclin D2 on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle using cyclin D2 transfected stable T47D breast cancer cells to investigate whether cyclinD2 functions as a positive regulator or negative regulator in cell proliferation. Overexpression of cyclin D2 led to the suppression of cell growth in cyclin D2 transfected T47D in both in its expression level and a time dependent manner with up to 50% reduction of cell growth at 72 hours. Therefore, the authors performed the cell cycle phase analysis using the flow cytometry to investigate the effect of cyclin D2 on the cell cycle phase in cyclin D2 transfected stable T47D cells. The flow cytometry analysis revealed increased sub G0 phase in cyclin D2 transfeted cells up to 23% at 72 hours. To confirm these results induced by overexpression of cyclinD2, the apoptotic bodies were counted in control and cyclin D2 transfected T47 cells. There are markedly increases of apoptotic bodies in cyclin D2-transfected cells up to 18%. These results suggested that Cyclin D2 suppresses the cell proliferation in breast cancers cells via the induction of apotosis.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2000

Let N($d_1,...,{\;}d_n;c_1,...,{\;}c_n$) be the number of solutions $(x_1,...,{\;}x_n){\in}F^{n}_p$ of the diagonal equation $c_lx_1^{d_1}+c_2x_2^{d_2}+{\cdots}+c_nx_n^{d_n}{\;}={\;}0{\;}n{\geq},{\;}c_j{\;}{\in}{\;}F^{*}_q,{\;}j=1,2,...,{\;}n$ where $d_j{\;}>{\;}1{\;}and{\;}d_j{\;}$\mid${\;}q{\;}-{\;}1$ for all j = 1,2,..., n. In this paper, we find all n-tuples ($d_1,...,{\;}d_n$) such that the reduced form of ($d_1,...,{\;}d_n$) and N($d_1,...,{\;}d_n;c_1,...,{\;}c_n$) are the same as in the theorem obtained by Sun Qi [3]. Improving this, we also get an explicit formula for the number of solutions of the diagonal equation, unver a certain natural restriction on the exponents.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2002

본 연구는 도시(목포시)와 섬마을 노인(조도면)의 굴절상태와 근용가입도의 비교 연구를 50세에서 90세까지 총 677명을 대상으로 원용과 근용 타각적 굴절검사와 자각적 굴절검사를 자동굴절검사기, 검영기, 검안경, 시험 렌즈셀, 시시력표 등을 이용하여 검사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 도시(목포시) 노인의 원용굴절상태 남자 : 정시 10%, 근시 17%, 원시 19%, 혼합난시 38%, 기타 16% 여자 : 정시 20%, 근시 20%, 원시 20%, 혼합난시 27%, 기타 13% 2. 섬마을(조도면) 노인의 원용굴절상태 남자 : 정시 13%, 근시 17%, 원시 22%, 혼합난시 40%, 기타 8% 여자 : 정시 7%, 근시 13%, 원시 26%, 혼합난시 44%, 기타 10% 3. 연령과 성별에 따른 근용 가입도수 남자 : 50 to 60 : +1.25 or +1.50D, 61 to 65 : +1.75 or +2.00D, 66 to 70 : +2.25 or +2.50D 71 to 75 : +2.75 or +3.00D, 76 to 80 : +3.25 or +3.50D, over81 : + 3.75D 여자 : 50 to 60 : +1.25 or +1.50D, 61 to 65 : +1.75 or +2,00D, 66 to 70 : +2.25 or +2.50D 71 to 75 : +2.25 or +2.50D, 76 to 80 : +2.75 or +3.00D, over81 : +2.75 or +3.00D 4. 돋보기를 착용한 상태에서 작업시간은 대체적으로 1~2시간 사용이 않았으나 5시간 이상 사용자도 있었다. 5. 도시와 섬마을 노안에서 대부분 백내장, 군날개, 고혈압, 당뇨, 녹내장이 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2023

2D/1D coupling method is an important neutron transport calculation method due to its high accuracy and relatively low computation cost. However, 2D/1D coupling method may diverge especially in small axial mesh size. To analyze the convergence behavior of 2D/1D coupling method, a Fourier analysis for k-eigenvalue neutron transport problems is implemented. The analysis results present the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method in small axial mesh size. Several common attempts are made to solve the divergence problem, which are to increase the number of inner iterations of the 2D or 1D calculation, and two times 1D calculations per outer iteration. However, these attempts only could improve the convergence rate but cannot deal with the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method thoroughly. Moreover, the choice of axial solvers, such as DGFEM SN and traditional SN, and its effect on the convergence behavior are also discussed. The results show that the choice of axial solver is a key point for the convergence of 2D/1D method. The DGFEM SN based 2D/1D method could converge within a wide range of optical thickness region, which is superior to that of traditional SN method.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The caffeine intake cause a local or wide ranges of convulsion and it is associated with release of dopamine (DA) receptors into the brain striatum. However, the effect of caffeine addiction on expression of DA receptors gene in the rat caudate-putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and olfactory tubercle (OTu) has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the influence of caffeine addiction on DA D $_1$and D$_2$receptor mRNAs after the treatment of caffeine for four weeks. Using the specific antisense ribo-probes for DA D$_1$and D$_2$receptor cDNAs, in situ hybridization was performed on the CPu, NAc, and OTu of the adult male Sprague Dawely rats. In caffeine-treated group, DA D$_1$and D$_2$receptor mRNAs were highly increased in CPu, NAc, and OTu. The expression density of DA D$_1$receptor mRNAs were 2.52${\pm}$1.40 (CPu), 2.78${\pm}$1.69 (NAc), and 3.91${\pm}$1.28 (OTu) in control group and 7.76${\pm}$2.09 (CPu), 4.2 ${\pm}$1.85 (NAc), and 8.21${\pm}$1.72 (OTu) in caffeine-treated group. The expression density of DA D$_2$receptor mRNA was 2.32${\pm}$1.52 (CPu), 2.63${\pm}$2.11 (NAc), and 3.61${\pm}$1.43 (OTu) in control group, and 6.41${\pm}$1.82 (CPu), 6.89${\pm}$1.32 (NAc), and 6.82${\pm}$1.18 (OTu) in caffeine-treated group. DA D$_1$receptor mRNA was higher expressed than DA D$_2$ receptor mRNA in CPu and NAc. These results suggest that caffeine reacts as a upregulator of the expression of DA D$_1$and D$_2$receptor mRNA among the neurotransmitters.