• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

To develop a sustained-release preparation containing ketorolac tromethamine, two sustained-release pellet formulations were evaluated with a pharmacokinetic study as compared with a conventional commercial tablets (10 mg $Tarasyn^{TM}$, Roche Korea Ltd.). Two sustained-release formulations were as follows; formulation A was composed of an inner layer containing 75% of drug coated with $Eudragit^{TM}$ RS 100 membrane and an outer layer containing 25% of drug mixed with $Eudragit^{TM}$ NE30D, and formulation B was composed of only an inner layer containing 100% of drug coated with $Eudragit^{TM}$ RS 100 membrane. The dissolution test was performed for two formulations. In case of conventional tablets, 2.5 mg of drug per a dose was administered orally into male Albino rabbit (2.0-2.3 kg of body weight) 3 times at intervals of 4 hours. In case of two sustained formulations, 7.5 mg of drug was administered once orally. Blood samples were withdrawn periodically after the administration, and the blood concentration was determined by HPLC. The conventional tablets showed very high peak-trough fluctuation between administered doses, but two sustained formulations showed less fluctuation. Formulation A with the loading dose showed the time to reach minimum effective concentration (MEC) i.e. the onset time was less than 20 min, while Formulation B had more than 1 hr of the onset time. Formulation A had the more constant plasma level than formulation B. However, formulation B had a time lag, so the plasma level was less than MEC for an initial period of 1 hr. In formulation A, the plasma level was maintained within the therapeutic window $(0.3-5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ for a long period. Formulation A was thought to be an ideal sustained-release formulation for ketorolac tromethamine oral delivery system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-641
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1992

Ulsan granite is plotted mainly in the region of syeno-granite of the Streckeisen diagram, which consists with those of iron related granites in the area of Kimhae-Mulgum, while Chindong granites and Yucheon-Eonyang granites are plotted in the regions of granodiorite-diorite and monzo-granite, respectively. These granites show a differentiation trend of calc-alkaline magma, and their magmatic evolution from intermediate to acidic rocks is consistant with the general crystallization path of the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Gyeongsang basin. The difference index (D.I.) is 70~90 for Ulsan granite, which lies between 35~80 of Chindong granites and 85~95 of Yucheon-Eonyang granites. These granites are distinguishable from each other by variation patterns of chemical elements. For instance, there is clear difference in content of some major and trace elements between Ulsan granite and Cu-related Chindong granites: Ulsan granite has high content of K (2.68%) and Ba (636 ppm), and low content of Ca (1.07%), Mg (0.50%) and Sr (185 ppm), whereas Chindong granites has less content of K (1.62%) and Ba (382 ppm), and higher content of Ca (3.75%), Mg (1.42%) and Sr (405 ppm). However, the content of Ulsan granite overlaps partly those of Yucheon-Eonyang granites, which are apparently dividable from Chindong granites. There is an usual trend that Cu content is high in Chindong granites of Cu province and Zn content is higher in Yucheon-Eonyang granites of Pb-Zn province. But it is unusual that Cu and Zn are higher in Ulsan granite (34 ppm, 74 ppm) than in Chindong granites (15 ppm, 22 ppm) and Yucheon-Eonyang granites (14 ppm, 43 ppm). This may be due to the reason that Ulsan granite is productive and Cu-Zn minerals are associated with iron ores. Productive Chindong granites in Haman-Gunbug area and Yuchon-Eonyang granites near ore deposits have higher content of Cu and Zn than Ulsang granite. Therefore, it is expected that chemical variation patterns of granites are applicable to distinguish mineral commodity of ore deposits (iron, copper, or lead-zinc) related with the granites in the Gyeongsasng basin.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

There is a burgeoning number of products on the market that contain probiotics, but do they do you any good? What exactly are probiotics? They have been defined as living organisms that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are often referred to as "friendly bacteria" or "good bacteria." Probiotics have been claimed, amongst other things, to (i) reduce the incidence of colon cancer and other diseases of the colon, such as IBS, (ii) stimulate the immune system, (iii) have anti-hypertensive and anti-cholesterolemic properties, (iv) mitigate against the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota, and (v) protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the scientific basis for many of these claims is not well-established. Indeed, the European Food Safety Authority has denied the use of several health claims associated with probiotics, particularly those related to mitigation of diarrhea following consumption of antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for research on the mechanisms of action of probiotics. We have been mainly interested in the use of probiotics to control enteric infections. There are several possible modes of action to explain how probiotics may protect the host from enteric pathogens, including competitive exclusion and immunomodulation. We have shown that probiotics produce bioactive molecules that interfere with bacterial cell-cell communication (also called quorum sensing), and this results in a down-regulation of virulence genes that are responsible for attachment of the pathogen to the gastrointestinal epithelium. These bioactive molecules act on a variety of bacteria, including enterohemorrhagic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, and there is evidence that they can inhibit the formation of biofilms by Listeria monocytogenes. These bioactive molecules, which are peptidic in nature, can exert their effects not only in vitro but also in vivo, and we have shown that they mitigate against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in mice and Salmonella and E. coli K88 infections in pigs. They can be delivered in foods such as yoghurt and maintain their activity.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

Today's fast-paced world is becoming increasingly characterized by technology-facilitated transactions. Growing numbers of customers interact with technology to create service outcomes instead of interacting with a service firm employee. Self-service technologies provide technological interfaces that enable customers to produce a service independent of direct service employee involvement. To investigate on the customer satisfaction with self-technological based product design in Subway. I used the critical incident technique developed by Flanagan(1954) with quantitative measures of attributions. In this research, it results that customers are considered more important the value of technological-function and easy to use than the aspect of automated machine. It is likely that the technological aspect of many self-service options has a unique influence on customer perceptions of self-service encounters. Also, Research has shown that customer's needs are defined as situations in which external environmental factors add a sense of urgency to the transaction and saved time. On the other hand, customers realize that their favorable image of self-technological based product follows as ; first, customers prefer to the simple & modern image on the aspect of product design, secondly, customers prefer to the hitech-functional image to do its job fast in a short time by automated technology on the aspect of functional service, thirdly, customers prefer to the comfortable and sanitary image to be suitable for the underground circumstance.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

Design securing a dominant position currently in the global market has shown inherent culture of each country, i.d. national disposition. For instancess, there are Scandinavia emphasizing humanism, America adopting pragmatism, Germany reflecting the rational principle, Spain reflecting the daily an, Italian design being rationalism and impressionism. The members of society shall be under the control of the already formed social-cultural value and character. So culture shall restrict the internal manner of social behaviour and apply pressure to the action of main body. Also culture shall be under the control of social environment and each culture shall be materialized as per the disposition of the members of society. Now korean design has been attracted lots of interests and attention from global market because it is excellent in the aspect of application capability for new technology and also suggests the image of design produced through them. Now Korean design shall run side by side the application for formative element to be recognized by technical design as well as korean identity. So dear definition for national and cultural disposition shall be required to korean design education and design development. These prescribed efforts shall be a shortcut for globalization of korean design.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

Outside muscle of pork ham were cut to cube(7 $\times$ 10 $\times$2 ern) and three Korea traditional seasonings such as soybean paste(Tl), garlic paste(T2), red pepper paste(T3) were seasoned by the proportions of meat to seasonings(1 : 1), respectively. The seasoned samples were fermented by fill into plastic box at 0 $\pm$ 1 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. And then, the fermented meat from each pack was vacuum-packaged and stored at 0 $\pm$ 1 $^{\circ}C$ for up to 9 weeks. pH and shear force were decreased during storage periods in all treatment groups and WHC was decreased with storage in T2. The saccarinity of T1 was increased and salinity increased during storage in all treatment groups. pH of T2 was increased than that of other treatments, while decreased saccarinity and shear force of in T2. The salinity were higher in the order of T1 > T2 > T3. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value were increased with storage in all treatment groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TSARS) value of Tl was increased with storage while it was decreased T2. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TSARS) value was higher in the order of T1 > T3 > T2 at 9weeks of storage. Surface meat L' values of T1 was increased with storage and T3 decreased with storage whereas, surface meat a' values of T1 was decreased with storage, and T2 was increased with storage. Surface meat b' values of T3 was decreased with storage. Escherichia coli were decreased during storage periods in all treatment groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.343-347
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• 2008

There are two kind of system in hotel for evaluating management. the first is infra system, for example Front management system - reservation system, C/I, C/O system, POS system , web system, call center management -, Back office system, interface system, and so on which manage direct control for hotel, and next is strategic system, for example BSC , CS . which is supporting hotel management. The purpose of this study was to find using the Balanced Scorecard to evaluate hotel management perfomance. Management performance is based on productivity, quality, time, effect, and responsiveness. Hotel economic value is not equal visual asset which is measured financial value. It is include hotel brand, image, customers who have good loyalty, employees who give customers special service, and systems which was affected by internal process. In conclusion, innovation, growth, internal system process, empioyee and customer have effect hotel performance. Therefore hotel has to know non-financial performance which has positively relate to financial performance.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.49-53
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• 1969

Some properties of glucose isomerizing enzyme which produced by the strain K-17 in xylose containing nutrient broth medium were investigated. The optimal pH for enzyme reaction was indicated about 7.2 and optimal temperature was about $75^{\circ}C$. The same optimal temprature was indicated by both cell free extract and acetone dried cells using as enzyme. The glucose isomerizing enzyme from strain K-17 was not inhibited by the high concentration of substrate even in a suturated glucose solution, but most enzyme was inactivated by the heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$. The maximum fructose forming ratio from glucose was about 50 percents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.55-61
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• 1969

This K-17 strain was not absolutely requiring xylose as an inducer for enzyme formations. The most activity of this enzyme was lost when treated at $75^{\circ}C$. for 30 hours but was not influenced at $70^{\circ}C$. for 70 hours of treatment. The activity of this enzyme was increased by the addition of magnesium ions or cobalt ions in the reaction system. In the studies, we found that the magnesium ions simply activate the enzyme reaction and the cobalt ions do not but protect the enzyme from heat inactvation. And it was also found the phosphate buffer solution was very suitable as glucose dissolving solvent on the enzyme reaction. The mixed carbon source medium containing glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylose and sucrose was more favorable for enzyme production then a sole carbon source containing medium on the shaking culture method.