• 제목/요약/키워드: D. magna

검색결과 99건 처리시간 0.034초

Incidence and management of condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery: An overview

  • Barone, Selene;Cosentini, Giorgio;Bennardo, Francesco;Antonelli, Alessandro;Giudice, Amerigo
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 2022
  • Objective: Condylar resorption (CR) is one of the major post-surgical complications of orthognathic surgery. This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate epidemiological data, risk factors, and therapeutical management of CR. Methods: Six databases were screened by two investigators until September 2020 to obtain all SRs. After reading the titles and abstracts, eligible SRs were determined and data extraction was performed. Using the latest version of A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, the methodological quality of the included SRs was determined. Results: Ten SRs with low or critically-low methodological quality were included in this review. Mandibular hypoplasia on the sagittal plane and hyperdivergent growth pattern on the vertical plane were the most common skeletal alterations in which CR could occur after orthognathic surgery. Post-operative condylar changes were analyzed both on two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) radiographic examinations. The incidence of CR was not related to the fixation method. Based on the severity of the pathological conditions, management of CR can include conservative or surgical therapy. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence in literature, CR is considered a consequence of orthognathic surgery. However, an accurate diagnosis of CR and a better orthognathic surgical planning must include 3D radiographic examinations to improve pre- and post-surgical comparison. Well-designed studies with long-term follow-up and 3D data are needed to clarify the findings of this analysis..

한국산 물벼룩에 대한 수종 농약의 급성독성 (Acute toxicity of some pesticides on five Korean native Cladocerans)

  • 김병석;박연기;박경훈;정미혜;유아선;양유정;신진섭;김진화;윤성명;안용준
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.261-267
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    • 2007
  • 국내서식 물벼룩종을 이용한 표준생태독성시험법 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 4종의 한국산 물벼룩 Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, Simocepholus vetulus과 국제표준종 Daphnia magna대한 5종 농약에 대한 급성독성반응을 조사하였다. Diazinon의 D. magna, D. obtusa, Daphnia sp., M. macrocopa, S. vetulus에 대한 48시간 $EC_{50}$은 각각 0.81, 1.7, 2.2, 4.5, $23\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$였다. Carbofuran의 D. obtusa, Daphnia sp., D. magna, M. macrocopa, S. vetulus에 대한 48시간의 $EC_{50}$은 각각 6, 10, 19, 211, $316\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$였다. 가장 민감한 D. obtusa와 가장 둔감한 S. vetulus간의 독성치 차이는 52.7배로 시험에 사용한 5종의 농약 중 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. Fenpropathrin은 시험에서 사용한 계통별 농약 5종 중에 가장 높은 독성을 보였는데 D. magna, Daphnia sp., D. obtusa, M. macrocopa, S. vetulus에 대한 48시간 $EC_{50}$은 각각 0.27, 0.56, 0.8, 1.6, $3.4\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었다. Iprodione은 M. macrocopa에 대한 독성이 가장 강해서 48시간의 $EC_{50}$$0.16\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었으며 Daphnia sp., S. vetulus, D. magna, D. obtusa의 48시간의 $EC_{50}$은 각각 0.24, 1.18, 1.38, $1.62\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$으로 독성이 낮았다. Myclobutanil은 본 시험에서 사용한 계통별 농약 5종 중에 가장 독성이 낮았는데 5종의 물벼룩 중에 D. obtusa가 이 농약에 대하여 가장 민감한 반응을 보였으며 48시간 $EC_{50}$$5.4\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$이었다. 물벼룩 종간에 1.3배에서 많게는 52.7배까지 급성 독성값의 차이를 보여 특정농약에 대한 종간 감수성차이를 확인할 수 있었으나 여러 농약에 대한 급성독성반응의 상관성을 비교한 결과에서는 약제별 독성반응이 매우 유사함을 보여주었다. 특히 D. magna와 국내서식 Daphnia속 2종 물벼룩의 독성반응은 매우 유사하며 비교적 농약에 대한 민감성도 높음을 보여 주었다. Ipodione에 대한 감수성은 국내종인 M. macrocopa가 가장 높아 국제종인 D. magna가 항상 농약에 대한 민감성이 높게 나타나는 것은 아님을 알 수 있었다. 시험에 사용한 물벼룩중 S. vetulus는 농약에 대한 민감성이 현저히 낮아 표준독성시험을 위한 생물종으로 활용하는 것은 바람직하지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

생태독성 숙련도 시료의 적절성 평가 (Validation of Suitability on Proficiency Testing Samples for Acute Toxicity Test with Daphnia magna)

  • 신기식;박우상;이정서;유순주;박태진;김종민
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2015
  • Acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna has a variety of factors such as incubation condition of test species, food quality and proficiency of laboratory workers. Therefore, proper proficiency testing samples were required for evaluating the competence of laboratory workers. This study aims to propose some appropriate proficiency testing samples for laboratory workers of acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna. Proposed four kinds of standard samples (Sample A, B, C, and D) for proficiency testing were selected from reference materials which were recommended from Canada and USA WET(Whole Effluent Toxicity) authorities. Proposed standard samples were tested by trial application of proficiency testing, homogeneity and stability checks using repeatability test. Sample A, C and D were estimated ad the suitable candidates for proficiency test standard samples except for Sample B. In addition, Sample A was proved to be the most suitable sample.

Acidity Enhances the Ability of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide to Increase Respiration and Lipid Metabolism in Daphnia magna

  • Han, Chloe;Kottapalli, Aarthi;Boyapati, Keerti;Chan, Sarah;Jeong, Yong-Joo
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제63권4호
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2019
  • 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), a structural analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), promotes oxidative remodeling in muscle cells. AICAR activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), thus increasing lipid metabolism, respiration, and mitochondrial counts. This process is called oxidative remodeling, which enhances the physical endurance of mice. To test this drug on an invertebrate that is genetically similar to humans, we used the small water crustacean Daphnia magna, which is sensitive to changes in water conditions. We tested the effects of pH on the efficacy of AICAR using two methods. One method measured oxygen consumption of Daphnia in oxygen chambers. The other method determined lipid levels of Daphnia through fluorescent tagging of lipids. The results showed that when exposed to AICAR at pH 6.58, D. magna consumed more oxygen and had lower overall levels of lipids, which is consistent with the expected effects of AICAR, such as increased respiration and lipid metabolism.

생태독성기준 미적용 업종 사업장 배출수 생태독성 수준 평가 (Evaluation of Effluent Toxicity which were Exempted from Applying of Ecotoxicity Criteria)

  • 김종민;신기식;이수형;이정서;이택준
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2017
  • This paper aimed to evaluate the test results of acute toxicity on effluent samples which were exempted from applying of ecotoxicity criteria. Total 316 effluent samples which were free from controlling of ecotoxicity regulation, were tested. Ratio of effluent samples which were exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) indicated 23.7%. This ratio was a little bit higher than previous study (22.7%) on effluent samples which were controlled under ecotoxicity criteria. These results mean that our ecotoxicity management system is not appropriate and applying of ecotoxicity criteria to all effluent samples (82 industry categories) were needed in order to improve our ecotoxicity system. In addition, the same numeric criteria (TU 1 or 2) for all industry categories were proposed in consideration of these results. Ratio of effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) with D. magna indicated 23.7%. However V. fischeri showed 14.6%. As a acute toxicity test organism, D. magna seemed to be more sensitive than V. fischeri. Ratio of samples which were exceeded TU 1 with D. magna by 24 h exposure period test indicated 35 %, whereas 48 h showed 41%.

수생생물을 이용한 유해물질의 독성평가에 관한 연구 (Study on the Sensitivity of Aquatic Organisms to the Toxic Materials)

  • 한의정
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.46-58
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    • 1995
  • Acute toxicity of heavy metals( Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Copper ), Organophosphorus insecticides( EPN, 2, 4- D, and Parathion ), and other chemicals( Arsenic, Cyanide, and Phenol) to Daphnia magna, and Vibrio fischeri was analysed. Daphnia magna to most toxic chemicals was most sensitive among test organisms alld then Daphnia magna seems to be more useful in toxic test of water. Daphnia magna was more sensitive to heavy metals than insecticides and other chemicals. The sensitivity of Visrio JircAeri to heavy metals was not so different from that to insecticides and the sensitivity to other chemicals was low. Visrio JircAeri appears to be more sensitive to toxic chemicals than Photobacterium phosphoreum, which was compared as recorded values of P.phosphoreum. Toxic chemicals were classified as Group 1 which had a high $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity according to the increase of concentration, Group 2 which had a high $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, Group 3 which had a low $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, and Group 4 which had a low $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity. To Daphnia magna, Lead, Chromium EPN, and Parathion were included in Group 1 : Mercury and Copper in Group 2 : Arsonic and Cadmium in Group 3 : Cyanide, 2, 4-B, and Phenol in Group 4. To Visrio JircAeri, Lead, Chromiurl 2, 4- D, and Parathion were included in Group 1 : Merecury, Cadmium and Arsenic in Group 2 : Cyanide in Group 3 : EPN, Copper, and Phenol in Group 4.

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Toxicity Assessment of Titanium (IV) Oxide Nanoparticles Using Daphnia magna (Water Flea)

  • Bang, Seung-Hyuck;Le, Thai-Hoang;Lee, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Pil;Kim, Jong-Soo;Min, Ji-Ho
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제26권
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    • pp.3.1-3.6
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$), a common nanoparticle widely used in industrial production, is one of nano-sized materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of $TiO_2$ using different size and various concentrations on Daphnia magna. Methods: In the acute toxicity test, four concentrations (0, 0.5, 4, and 8 mM) for $TiO_2$ with 250 or 500 nm and five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) for $TiO_2$ with 21 nm were selected to analyze the toxic effect to three groups of ten daphnia neonates over 96 hours. In addition, to better understand their toxicity, chronic toxicity was examined over 21 days using 0, 1, and 10 mM for each type of $TiO_2$. Results: Our results showed that all organisms died before the reproduction time at a concentration of 10 mM of $TiO_2$. In addition, the exposure of anatase (21 nm) particles were more toxic to D. magna, comparing with that of anatase (250 nm) and rutile (500 nm) particles. Conclusions: This study indicated that $TiO_2$ had adverse impacts on the survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna after the 21days exposure. In addition, the number of test organisms that were able to reproduce neonates gradually were reduced as the size of $TiO_2$ tested was decreased.

Application of simple and massive purification system of dsRNA in vivo for acute toxicity to Daphnia magna

  • CHOI, Wonkyun;LIM, Hye Song;KIM, Jin;RYU, Sung-Min;LEE, Jung Ro
    • Entomological Research
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.533-539
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    • 2018
  • The RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an important genetic tool and applied to develop a new living modified (LM) crop trait which is an improvement of nutrient quality or pest management. The RNAi of DvSnf7 has been used for resistance to LM maize and the Western Corn Rootworm which is a major agricultural pest for the US Corn Belt. Most of the environmental risk assessments (ERA) of double strand RNA (dsRNA) have been performed using in vitro transcript products, and not in vivo expressed product. A large amount of dsRNA was required for the acute toxicity assay of water fleas. Therefore development of massive dsRNA purification techniques is critical. Daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, is a model organism for studying cellular and molecular mechanism involved in life history traits and ecotoxicology. In this study, we established the massive dsRNA purification method using Escherichia coli and implemented acute toxicity assays to Daphnia magna. As a result, the present RNase A and DNase I, dsRNA was efficiently purified without any special techniques or equipment. Even though purified dsRNA existed during the acute toxicity test, lethality or abnormal behavior were not observed in D. magna. These results indicated that GFP and DvSnf7 dsRNA were not significantly affected to D. magna due to their lack of sequence matching in its genome. The purification method of dsRNA and the acute toxicity assay of water fleas using purified dsRNA would be suitable for the toxicological studies of LMOs to aquatic non-target organisms.

Evaluation of Daphniamagna for the Ecotoxicity Assessment of Alkali Leachate from Concrete

  • Choi, Jae Bang;Bae, Sung Min;Shin, Tae Young;Ahn, Ki Yong;Woo, Soo Dong
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2013
  • The cladoceran Daphniamagna has been used as an aquatic test species in aquatic toxicology. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of leachate from concrete, the immobilization of D. magna was observed after treatment of various concentrations of leachate specimens. Reliabilities of the culture condition and the experimental protocol for acute toxicity test were successfully achieved from the standard toxicity test. The leachates were prepared from the mixture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and pozzolanic admixtures, Pulverised fuel ash (PFA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and GGBS containing loess. Acute toxicity test showed 100% immobilization of D. magna for OPC or PFA. The leachates from OPC or PFA had high pH 10 to 12. However, GGBS and GGBS containing loess showed less toxicity according to the concentrations. Especially, immobilization was not observed at the concentrations below 12.5% of GGBS containing loess. Also the range of pH for these specimens was 8 to 9. This suggested that the use of loess as the admixture in concrete may be useful to reduce eco-toxicity of leachates from concrete. This our study provided the harmfulness of the alkali leaching from concrete in aquatic environment and the usefulness of D. magna to evaluate the toxicity of leachates from concrete.

재활용 인산석고의 조류 및 물벼룩에 미치는 생물독성 평가 (Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Phosphogypsum Recycle for Algae and Daphnia magna)

  • 박수호;김종오
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제34권8호
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    • pp.528-532
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    • 2012
  • 국내에서 발생되는 인산석고를 매립성토재로 활용 가능성과 수중생물인 담수조류, 해조류 및 물벼룩에 미치는 생물독성을 평가하였다. 인산석고 혼합에 따라 담수조류의 비성장속도는 대체적으로 해조류에 비해 높았으며, PG30 조건에서는 담수조류 성장이 1.7배 정도 컸다. 물벼룩의 경우는 PG50에서는 다소의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 평균 독성값(TU)값이 0.3으로 독성기준치 1 이하로 나타나 인산석고에서 발생하는 침출수의 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구를 통하여 인산석고를 일반토사와 혼합할 경우, 환경학적으로 폐기물 재활용기준을 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 3가지 생물의 독성 실험결과 PG30 조건에서 매립성토재로 사용할 경우 생물독성의 영향이 미미할 것으로 판단된다.