• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1950-1956
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• 1997

An engineering goal in vibration and noise professionals is to develope quiet machines at the preliminary design stage, and various numerical techniques such as FEM, SEA or BEM are one of the schemes toward the goal. In this paper, the research has been focused on the sensitivity effect of mesh sizes for FEM application so that the optimum size of the mesh that leads to engineering solution within acceptable computing time could be generated. In order to evaluate the mesh size effect, three important parameters have been examined : natural frequencies, number of modes and driving point mobility. First, several lower modes including the fundamental frequency of a 2-D plate structure have been calculated as mesh size changes. Since theoretical values of natural frequencies for a simple structure are known, the deviation between the numerical and theoretical values is obtained as a function of mesh size. The result shows that the error is no longer decreased if the mesh size becomes a quarter wavelength or smaller than that. Second, the mesh size effect is also investigated for the number of modes. For the frequency band up to 1.4 kHz, the structure should have 38 modes in total. As the mesh size reaches to the quarter wavelength, the total count in modes approaches to the same values. Third, a mobility function at the driving point is compared between SEA and FEM result. In SEA application, the mobility function is determined by the modal density and the mass of the structure. It is independent of excitation frequencies. When the mobility function is calculated from a wavelength to one-tenth of it, the mobility becomes constant if the mesh becomes a quarter wavelength or smaller. We can conclude that dynamic parameters, such as eigenvalues, mode count, and mobility function, can be correctly estimated, while saving the computing burden, if a quarter wavelength (.lambda./4) mesh is used. Therefore, (.lambda./4) mesh is recommended in structural vibration analysis.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제1집
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• pp.229-245
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• 1999

Mehrere Sprachen insgesamt oder in Ausschnitten miteinander zu vergleichen, hat die Sprachwissenschaft mit je unterschiedlichen Erkenntnisinteressen wenigstens seit dem 17. Jahrhundert unternommen. Bis in diese Zeit reichen die Versuche einer inhaltlichen, d.h. auf die Inhalte sprachlicher Formen bezogene Sprachtypologie zuruck. Im 19. jahrhundert entstand und entwickelte sich die historisch-vergleichende (komparatistische) Sprachwissenschaft mit dem vorrangigen Bestreben, Ursprung, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen einzelner Sprachen durch vergleichende Untersuchungen zu rekonstruieren. Die sprachtypologischen $Bem\"{u}hungen\;fr\"{u}herer$ Zeiten haben ihre Forsetzung in der neueren, etwa in den 60er Jahren $verst\"{a}rkt$ einsetzenden Unversalienforschung. In den meiseten $europ\"{a}ischen$ Sprachen gibt es nicht geringe und $auff\"{a}llige$ Lehnwortbestande. Diese $Wortbest\"{a}nde$ beruhen nicht auf $Zuf\"{a}lligkeiten$, sondern sie sind Ergebnisse internationaler Kontakte mit politischen, kulturellen, okonomischen und anderen Voraussetzungen. Diese sprachlichen Gemeinsamkeiten in verschiedenen Sprachen werden mit dem Begriff des Internationalismus $erfa{\ss}t$. Obwohl die $europ\"{a}ischen$ Sprachen sich immer mehr von den gemeinsamen Ursprungssprachen entfernt haben, verraten die $Wortbest\"{a}nde$ der Internationalismen Tendenzen der $Ann\"{a}herungen$ und der Gemeinsarnkeiten, vor allem auf der Ebene des Wortschatzes. Im Ausblick auf $M\"{o}glichkeiten$ der Verwertung von nationalen $Wortsch\ddpt{a}tzen$ kann man so fomulieren: Internatonalismen 1) $k\"{o}nnen$ die Alltags­kommunikation zwischen Menschen verschiedener Herkunftssprachen erleichtern; sie offenbaren, $da\ss$ viele Fremdsprachen gar nicht so fremdartig sind; 2) haben im Hinblick auf den Fremdsprachenerwerb und den Fremdsprachenunterricht multiplizierten Gebrauchwert: Viele Interlexeme $geh\"{o}ren$ zum festen Bestand $europ\"{a}ischer$ Sprachen; 3) geben $Aufschlu\ss\;\"{u}ber$ geschichtliche und kulturelle $Kontaktvorg\"{a}nge$ und Kontaktergebnisse in Europa; 4) $k\"{o}nnen\;als\;Wortsch\"{a}tze\;einer\;m\"{o}glichen\;europ\"{a}ischen$ Integration betrachtet werden'.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2001

본 연구는 최근들어 국가적 차원으로서의 야간경관조명이 활성화 되고있는 시점에서 역사적 건축물의 야간경관조명 연출효과를 조사.분석하였다. 평가대상은 경관조명시설이 설치된 국내 역사적 건축물중 도성의 문의 성격을 띈 남대문, 광화문을 선정하였다. 평가방법은 야간에 조명 현황조사 및 물리량의 측정을 실시하였다. 물리량은 피조면의 휘도 및 색조를 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 경관조명의 연출효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전체적인 조명방식은 외곽투광기를 이용한 전반조명과 건축물 내부와 하단부에 설치된 조명기구로 상향조명 (기단) 및 엑센트조명(공포)을 병용하고 있다. 조명연출 실태는 기단과 용마루가 강조되고 있어, 용마루선과 기단부가 야간에 역사적 건축물의 이미지를 상징하고 있다. 주간과 야간의 전반적인 색도분포는 주간에는 태양반사광 등의 영향으로 백색의 색도분포를 나타냈고, 야간에는 조며익구의 광색 및 색온도로 인하여 황색의 색도분포를 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.399-413
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• 2020

The numerical simulation of liquid sloshing in the three-dimensional tanks under horizontal excitation and roll excitation was carried out, and the inhibition effect of different baffles on the sloshing phenomenon was investigated. The numerical calculations were carried out by the nonlinear Boundary Element Method (BEM) with Green's theorem based on the potential flow, which was conducted with the governing equation corresponding to the boundaries of each region. The validity of the method was verified by comparing with experimental values and published literatures. The horizontal baffle, the vertical baffle and the T-shaped baffle in the sloshing tanks were investigated respectively, and the baffles' position, dimension and the liquid depth were provided and discussed in detail. It is drawn that the baffle shape plays a non-negligible role in the tank sloshing. The vertical baffle is a more effective way to reduce the sloshing amplitude when the tank is under a horizontal harmonic excitation while the horizontal baffle is a more effective way when the tank is under a roll excitation. The amplitude of free surface elevation at right tank wall decreases with the increasing of the horizontal baffle length and the vertical baffle height. Although the T-shaped baffle has the best suppression effect on tank sloshing under horizontal excitation, it has limited suppression effect under roll excitation and will complicate the sloshing phenomenon when changing baffle height.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

2차원 포텐셜 문제를 해석하기 위해 고차의 르장드르 형상함수에 기초를 둔 p-수렴 경계요소법이 제안되었다. p-수렴 경계요소법은 종래의 경계요소법에서 사용되는 형상함수와 성질이 다른 르장드르 다항식을 형상함수로 사용한다. p-수렴 유한요소법과 마찬가지로 고차의 형상함수에 따른 절점의 위치가 경계상에서 정해지지 않는다. 따라서 형상함수가 증가함에 따라 선형방정식을 구성하기 위한 수단으로 선점법을 이용하였다. p-수렴 경계요소법에서 선점법은 비대칭 계층적 선점법과 대칭 비계층적 선점법을 선택하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 선택점들은 형상함수가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 성질을 나타내며 계층적 또는 대칭적으로 선택될 수 있다. p-수렴 경계요소법에서 나타나는 특이 적분항을 계산하기 위해 special numeric quadrature technique와 semi-analytical integration technique를 사용하였다. 사각모서리부에서 특이성을 가지는 L-형 영역문제를 해석한 결과 적은 수의 자유도에서 기존문헌의 결과와 차이가 거의 없는 정도인 $10^{-2}%$단위 이하의 정확도를 보여주었다. 또한 같은 조건에서는 대칭형 선점의 위치를 이용해 계산한 값이 가장 높은 정확도를 보여주었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate(Ⅰ) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's suit on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(pink and navy blue colors) × 4(masculine and feminine forms) factorial design of a suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stiuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variables(color and form) in drawings of suit. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of ccupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. They were randomly assigned to one of 8 suit. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives. Differences in the form of the suit had effects on potency and evaluation for both sexes, while it also had some effect on activity for women. The color of the suit had some effect on evaluation for both sexes. Strong effects of color and form on the suit were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupation, the effects of color and form of suit differed by sex of the subjects. Perceiver's sex-role attitudes and occupation paritally influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. In summary, a masculine-feminine image of clothing had a significant effect on the perception of occupational characteristics as well as on suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. Thus, the results of the study support the implicit personality theory on person perception and also the stereotypes of sex-roles on the perception of occupational suitability.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's blouse·skirt on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(skirt color) × 2(blose color) × 3(masculine-feminine blouse forms) factorial desing of a blouse·skirt set. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 12 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variabels (color and form) in drawings of blouse-skirt. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of occupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives and accounting for 33.3% of the variance in blouse-skirt. On the blouse-skirt set, the form of the blouse had an effect on activity and evaluation for both sexes, while the color of the skirt had an effect on evaluation for both sexes as well as on potency for men. Strong effect of color and form on blouse·skirt were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupations, the effects of color and form of blouse·skirt differed by sex of the subjects. Male subjects determined suitability by the color of the blouse, while female subjects determinied suitability on the basis of the form of the blouse. Perceiver's sex-role attitude and occupation partially influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations.