• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

The CleanSYS(Clean SYStem) is operated to monitor air pollutants emitted from specific industrial complexes in Korea. So the industrial complexes without the system are directly monitored by the control officers. For efficient monitoring, studies using various sensors have been conducted to monitor air pollutants emitted from industrial complex. In this study, hyperspectral sensors were used to model and verify the equations for estimating the concentration of $NO_2$(nitrogen dioxide) in air pollutants emitted. For development of the equations, spectral radiance were observed for $NO_2$ at various concentrations with different SZA(Solar Zenith Angle), VZA(Viewing Zenith Angle), and RAA(Relative Azimuth Angle). From the observed spectral radiance, the calculated value of the difference between the values of the specific wavelengths was taken as an absorption depth, and the equations were developed using the relationship between the depth and the $NO_2$ concentration. The spectral radiance mixed gas of $NO_2$ and $SO_2$(sulfur dioxide) was used to verify the equations. As a result, the $R^2$(coefficient of determination) and RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) were different from 0.71~0.88 and 72~23 ppm according to the form of the equation, and $R^2$ of the exponential form was the highest among the equations. Depending on the type of the equations, the accuracy of the estimated concentration with varying concentrations is not constant. However, if the equations are advanced in the future, hyperspectral sensors can be used to monitor the $NO_2$ emitted from the industrial complex.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and collagenase for the solvent extract and silica column fractions of Artocarpus nitidus were evaluated. The activities were quantified using the 4 parameter logistic. LC/MS analysis showed that the major component of the fractions was polyphenol and the total polyphenol content of the extract was $48.1{\pm}2.6mg\;GAE/g$. The radical scavenging activities ($SC_{50}$) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of the extract, fraction-1 and fraction-2 were 16.7, 42.0 and $10.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The value for fraction-2 was the closest to ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts and the fractions showed $IC_{50}$ of 64.9, 0.9 and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and overall activity was higher than that of kojic acid ($7.4{\mu}g/mL$) and arbutin ($119.0{\mu}g/mL$). In the experiment by zebrafish embryo, the whitening activity of fraction-2 (27.5%) was higher than that of kojic acid (18.6%), and there was no adverse effect up to $500{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction-2. For the collagenase inhibitory activity, the samples showed $IC_{50}$ of 139.8, 20.6, and $16.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which were competitive to 1, 10-Phenanthroline ($55.4{\mu}g/mL$). The extract and fraction-2 showed $IC_{50}$ of 61.8 and $67.1{\mu}g/mL$ for elastase. These results suggest that A. nitidus extract can be used as a cosmetic material useful for antioxidant, whitening, and prevention of skin aging without adverse effects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to construct a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic and water quality model (EFDC) for the river reach between the Daecheong dam and the Sejong weir, which are directly affected by Gap and Miho streams located in the middle of the Geum River, and to evaluate the trophic status and water quality improvement effect according to the flow control and pollutant load reduction scenarios. The EFDC model was calibrated with the field data including waterlevel, temperature and water quality collected from September, 2012 to April, 2013. The model showed a good agreement with the field data and adequately replicated the spatial and temporal variations of water surface elevation, temperature and water quality. Especially, it was confirmed that spatial distributions of nutrients and algae biomass have wide variation of transverse direction. Also, from the analysis of algal growth limiting factor, it was found that phosphorous loadings from Gap and Miho streams to Sejong weir induce eutrophication and algal bloom. The scenario of pollutant load reduction from Gap and Miho streams showed a significant effect on the improvement of water quality; 4.7~18.2% for Chl-a, 5.4~21.9% for TP at Cheongwon-1 site, and 4.2~ 17.3% for Chl-a and 4.7~19.4% for TP at Yeongi site. In addition, the eutrophication index value, identifying the tropic status of the river, was improved. Meanwhile, flow control of Daecheong Dam and Sejong weir showed little effect on the improvement of water quality; 1.5~2.4% for Chl-a, 2.5~ 3.8% for TP at Cheongwon-1 site, and 1.2~2.1% for Chl-a and 0.9~1.5% for TP at Yeongi site. Therefore, improvement of the water quality in Gap and Miho streams is essential and a prerequirement to meet the target water quality level of the study area.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf and its skin penetration using polymer micelles and skin penetrating peptide. After extraction with Robinia pseudo-acacia using the ethanol and distilled water, various physiological activities were examined. The total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be 47.42 mg/g (ethanol extract), 56.88 mg/g (hydrothermal extract) and DPPH radical scavenging ability at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 44.24% in ethanol extract and it is higher than value(41.50%) in hydrothermal extract. The elastase inhibitory assay showed concentration dependence and elastase inhibition of Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract was 54.09%, which was the highest at $500{\mu}g/mL$. In the SOD-like experiments, the concentration-dependent results were showed and the SOD-like activity of the Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extract was higher than that of the Robinia pseudo acacia leaf hydrothermal extract at all concentrations. At a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$, Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract showed the highest SOD-like activity of 76.41%. The tyrosinase inhibition at $20{\mu}g/mL$ was determined to be 56.47% (ethanol extract), 23.05% (hydrothermal extract). In the antimicrobial experiments, the hydrothermal extract had no effect, but ethanol extract represented maximum clear zone of 11.00 mm in Propionbacterium acnes strain and maximum clear zone of 10.50 mm. in Bacillus subtilis strain. To solve the problem of insolubility and to improve skin penetration, PCL-PEG polymer micelles containing Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extracts and 1.0% cell permeable peptide, hexa-D-arginine (R6) were successfully prepared with particle size of 108.23 and 126.47 nm and excellent skin permeation effects could be showed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.174-188
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• 2019

The present study was carried out to investigate the emulsifying properties of heat-treated octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA) starch and the interfacial structure at oil droplet surface in emulsions stabilized by heat-treated OSA starch. First, the aqueous suspensions of OSA starch were heated at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Oil-in-water emulsions were then prepared with the heat-treated OSA starch suspension as sole emulsifier and their physicochemical properties such as fat globule size, surface load, zeta-potential, dispersion stability, confocal laser scanning microscopic image(CLSM) were determined. It was found that fat globule size decreased as the concentration of OSA starch in emulsions increased, showing a lower limit value ($d_{32}:0.31{\mu}m$) at ${\geq}0.2wt%$. Surface load increased steadily with increasing OSA starch concentration in emulsions, possibly forming multiple layers. In addition, fat globule sizes were also influenced by pH: they were increased in acidic conditions and these results were interpreted in view of the change in zeta potentials. The dispersion stability by Turbiscan showed that it was more unstable in emulsions at acidic condition. Heat-treated OSA starch found to adsorb at the oil droplet surface as some forms of membrane (not starch granules), which might be indicative of stabilizing mechanism of OSA starch emulsions to be steric forces.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2020

The severe lettuce damage caused by Paratylenchus projectus was first reported in 2019 in Korea. To find high-value rotation crops for the control of P. projectus, nine vegetables, Brassica juncea (leaf mustard), B. rapa subsp. nipposinica (kyona), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), B. rapa subsp. chinensis (bok choy), B. oleracea var. viridis (kale), B. oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Cichorium endivia (endive), C. intybus (chicory), Ipomoea aquatica (morning glory) were planted in d-10-cm clay pots in greenhouse. The growth of vegetables was compared between inoculated with 3,000 P. projectus per 100 ㎤ of soil and non-inoculated. Treatments were replicated 10 times. After 100 days, the reduction of fresh top weight was 30.4% in C. intybus, 35.1% in I. aquatica, 36.9% in B. oleracea var. acephala, 40.5% in C. endivia, 42.1% in B. rapa, 47.5% in B. rapa subsp. nipposinica, 50.4% in B. oleracea var. gonglodes, 56.3% in B. oleracea var. italica, and 66.0% in B. juncea. Nematode multiplication rates (Pf/Pi) were lower in I. aquatica (0.64) and C. endivia (1.1), but higher in B. oleracea var. gongylodes (2.54). Considering these results, I. aquatica is suitable for the rotation crop with lettuce until better rotation crops developed.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.82-91
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate development and nutrient analysis of traditional food in the Sunchang area. A total 6 kinds of set tables was excavated from storytelling. Among set tables, taste and season food were the best in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table. Shape color, smell, and commercialization possibility and differentiation were best in Sunchang arirang season table. Mole Ratio of sodium and potassium was 1:1 in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table. The calcium contents in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table were higher than other traditional foods. This result indicated that Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table are useful for traditional functional food. Also, it is highly suggested to make a database system about local food and standardization of traditional foods cookery.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

The Korean economy has achieved continuous economic growth for the past several decades thanks to the government's export strategy policy. This increase in exports is playing a leading role in driving Korea's economic growth by improving economic efficiency, creating jobs, and promoting technology development. Traditionally, the main factors affecting Korea's exports can be found from two perspectives: economic factors and industrial structural factors. First, economic factors are related to exchange rates and global economic fluctuations. The impact of the exchange rate on Korea's exports depends on the exchange rate level and exchange rate volatility. Global economic fluctuations affect global import demand, which is an absolute factor influencing Korea's exports. Second, industrial structural factors are unique characteristics that occur depending on industries or products, such as slow international division of labor, increased domestic substitution of certain imported goods by China, and changes in overseas production patterns of major export industries. Looking at the most recent studies related to global exchanges, several literatures show the importance of cultural aspects as well as economic and industrial structural factors. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a forecasting model by considering cultural factors along with economic and industrial structural factors in calculating the import volume of each country from Korea. In particular, this study approaches the influence of cultural factors on imports of Korean products from the perspective of PUSH-PULL framework. The PUSH dimension is a perspective that Korea develops and actively promotes its own brand and can be defined as the degree of interest in each country for Korean brands represented by K-POP, K-FOOD, and K-CULTURE. In addition, the PULL dimension is a perspective centered on the cultural and psychological characteristics of the people of each country. This can be defined as how much they are inclined to accept Korean Flow as each country's cultural code represented by the country's governance system, masculinity, risk avoidance, and short-term/long-term orientation. The unique feature of this study is that the proposed final prediction model can be selected based on Design Principles. The design principles we presented are as follows. 1) A model was developed to reflect interest in Korea and cultural characteristics through newly added data sources. 2) It was designed in a practical and convenient way so that the forecast value can be immediately recalled by inputting changes in economic factors, item code and country code. 3) In order to derive theoretically meaningful results, an algorithm was selected that can interpret the relationship between the input and the target variable. This study can suggest meaningful implications from the technical, economic and policy aspects, and is expected to make a meaningful contribution to the export support strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises by using the import forecasting model.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.147-164
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• 2022

Over 200,000 Korean cultural heritage items are currently located abroad. They have made their way to 22 countries under different circumstances and with unique backgrounds. While some of them continue to contribute to promoting Korean culture around the world, others cannot be exhibited due to damage or poor condition. In view of these circumstances, the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation (OKCHF) has since 2013 provided museums and art galleries abroad with support for the conservation, restoration, and utilization of the Korean cultural heritage items that they house. As a part of these efforts and on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the diplomatic relationship between the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of Belgium in 2021, a gilt-bronze case for acupuncture needles dating to the Goryeo period (918-1392) from the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History (RMAH), Belgium was brought to Korea for conservation treatment. The primary purpose of this conservation treatment was to restore the original form of the relic and slow to the degree possible the progress of corrosion. The conservation treatment of the gilt-bronze case followed the fundamental order of conservation treatment: removal of corrosive substances, stabilization, and reinforcement. Since this was the first case of restoring metallic cultural properties under the abovementioned support program by the OKCHF, special methodologies distinct from those available in overseas institutions were required. Diverse scientific methods (e.g., X-ray inspection, CT scanning, 3D microscopy) were applied to identify the metalcraft techniques used in the Goryeo period. The analysis found that several designs, including lotus and scrollwork, were exquisitely engraved on the surface of the case by making dots using a round-edged chisel. A bronze plate engraved with designs was rolled into a cylindrical form. The ends were overlapped by 2 to 3 centimeters and then attached to each other by silver soldering. The overlapping ends were welded flat with nearly no gaps. As the final process in the production, the case was lavishly gilt with gold powder using amalgam gilding. The conservation treatment of the gilt-bronze case for acupunctural needles in the RMAH collection restored the original form of the relic and arrested further corrosion. Above all, it revived the historic and academic value of the overseas Korean cultural heritage through scientific analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.578-587
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• 2022

Korea, as the world's 7^th largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has raised the national greenhouse gas reduction target as international regulations have been strengthened. As it is possible to utilize coastal and marine ecosystems as important nature-based solutions (NbS) for implementing climate change mitigation or adaptation plans, the blue carbon ecosystem is now receiving attention. Blue carbon refers to carbon that is deposited and stored for a long period after carbon dioxide (CO₂) is absorbed as biomass by coastal ecosystems or oceanic ecosystems through photosynthesis. Currently, there are only three blue carbon ecosystems officially recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. However, the results of new research on the high CO₂ sequestration and storage capacity of various new blue carbon sinks, such as seaweeds, microalgae, coral reefs, and non-vegetated tidal flats, have been continuously reported to the academic community recently. The possibility of IPCC international accreditation is gradually increasing through scientific verification related to calculations. In this review, the current status and potential value of seaweeds, seagrass fields, and non-vegetated tidal flats, which are sources of blue carbon on the east coast, are discussed. This paper confirms that seaweed resources are the most effective NbS in the East Sea of Korea. In addition, we would like to suggest the direction of research and development (R&D) and utilization so that new blue carbon sinks can obtain international IPCC certification in the near future.