• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1655-1658
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• 2014

Objective: To find a more appropriate alternative to D-dimer cutoff value for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients. Methods: A total of 711 cancer patients with symptoms suspicious of DVT were included in the study. D-dimer levels were assessed using ELISA. All patients were subjected to imaging procedures. Results: Among 711 patients with cancer, 466 (65.5%) were females and 245 (34.5%) were males, with an average age of $57.3{\pm}13.23$ years. The mean age in the DVT group was significantly higher than in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). The D-dimer levels of the DVT group were significantly higher than those of the non-DVT group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of DVT varied significantly according to cancer type (P<0.05). Increasing age and lung cancer were significantly correlated with D-dimer levels (P<0.05), and a one-year increase in age was associated with a 14.28 ng/ml increase in the D-dimer value. The optimal cutoff point for D-dimer was found to be 981 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 79.4%, and accuracy of 82.6%. If the D-dimer cutoff point was set to 981ng/ml, the specificity would increase from 61.8% to 85.5% without loss of sensitivity in patients aged 40 years or younger. In patients aged more than 40 years, the new cutoff almost doubled the specificity with slightly reduced sensitivity. Conclusion: In cancer patients, a new cutoff value of 981 ng/ml effectively improved the exclusion of DVT, especially for patients aged more than 40 years.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the quality characteristics of Sprouted Brown Rice Dasik(SBRD) manufactured with various addition levels of honey and Yujacheong(Yuja syrup and Yuja sarcocarp) in accordance with the traditional method for the preparation of Korean Dasik(a kind of cookie). The nutritional components, color value, physical tests, volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation of SBRD to which Yujacheong was added were conducted. The results were summarized as follows. In SBRD to which Yujacheong had been added, the moisture contents and crude fat content did not differ significantly among the sample groups, and the contents of crude protein and crude ash increased with increasing additions of Yuja syrup and Yuja sarcocarp. The pH(p<0.001) and sweetness(p<0.001) were significantly higher in sample D1 than in samples D2 and D4. The L color value was highest in D2, the a value was highest in D3, and the b value was highest in sample D2. The texture property analysis showed that the cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of SBRD to which Yujacheong was added were all significantly higher compared to sample D1. According to the results of our volatile analysis, the D1 and other experimental groups evidenced different flavors and antibacterial compositions. According to the results of our sensory evaluation, the appearance of the D1 sample was superior to the other samples. However, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference were higher in the samples to which Yuja syrup and Yuja sarcocarp were added. These results indicate that SBRD to which Yujacheong was added, and particularly those to which Yuja syrup was added, is superior to Dasik prepared with honey in terms of flavor and taste, and this method will improve the flavor and preparation time, due to its lower pH.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-173
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• 2008

This paper empirically studies the relationship between R&D expenditures and firms value. First, we can conjecture that R&D expenditures are enhancing the firms value. Such findings depend on an existing research, which R&D expenditures are intangible asset rather than expenses. Although, under U.S. accounting standards, financial statements do not report intangible assets but costs. Second, we can conjecture that short-term, the rate of increase in R&D expenditures had negative influence on firms valuation, because such findings indicates that R&D spending of costs incur mis-pricing. But long-term, consistently R&D expenditures may attract investors on the stock market. Third, lately firms focus on capital efficiency management, such a firms R&D expenditures incur high ROE. Generally investors put too much confidence in capital efficiency management and high ROE may attract investors on the stock market. Finally, High-Tech through the R&D investment improve firms competitive advantage, by competitive advantage, firms have reduced cost and raised productivity in the end improve firms value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.291-295
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• 2003

The occurrence of ductile fracture is the working limit of many metal forming processes. It is necessary to predict the criteria and to apply the condition in a process design. Over the years. the way for clarifying conditions have been studied and presented. However such a way needs lots of experiments and analysis. In this study, in order to determine the critical damage value of a used material Cu 4N, it was performed a tensile test and FEM analysis by using DEFORM 2D. For applying the obtained critical damage value it was also performed a upsetting test by using DEFORM 2D. The way of determining a critical damage value which is presented in this study will make possible to find easily it which is one of the working limit factor. And the way of determining a critical damage value will make possible to find in multi-pass drawing process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3604-3613
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• 2022

The Physical Protection System (PPS) plays an important role and must effectively deal with various adversary attacks in nuclear security. In specific single adversary path scenarios, we can calculate the PPS effectiveness by EASI (Estimated Adversary Sequence Interruption) through Probability of Interruption (P_I) calculation. EASI uses a single value of the probability of detection (P_D) and the probability of alarm communications (P_C) in the PPS. In this study, we develop a multi-path analysis code based on EASI to evaluate the effectiveness of PPS. Our quantification method for P_I considers the variability and uncertainty of P_D and P_C value by Monte Carlo simulation. We converted the 2-D scheme of the nuclear facility into an Adversary Sequence Diagram (ASD). We used ASD to find the adversary path with the lowest probability of interruption as the most vulnerable paths (MVP). We examined a hypothetical facility (Hypothetical National Nuclear Research Facility - HNNRF) to confirm our code compared with EASI. The results show that implementing the variability extension can estimate the P_I value and its associated uncertainty. The multi-path analysis code allows the analyst to make it easier to assess PPS with more extensive facilities with more complex adversary paths. However, the variability of the P_D value in each protection element allows a significant decrease in the PI value. The possibility of this decrease needs to be an important concern for PPS designers to determine the P_D value correctly or set a higher standard for PPS performance that remains reliable.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-123
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• 2002

This study develops a Korean R&D Scoreboard which has originated from the R&D Scoreboard in United Kingdom. The Scoreboard contains details of the R&D investment, sales, growth, profits and employee numbers for Korean companies which are extracted from company annual reports and key ratios calculated, with some movements over time. Companies are classified by the Korea Standard Industrial Classification. The Scoreboard contains 190 companies which consist of 100 largest companies and 30 middle-or small-sized firms listed in Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), and 30 ventures and 30 other firms listed in KOSDAQ. The overall company R&D intensity (R&D as a percentage of sales) is 2.1% compared to the international average of 4.2%. Korea has an unusually large R&D percentage of sales in IT hardware (4.9%) and telecommunication (3.7%). R&D intensity is positively correlated with company performance measures such as profitability, sales growth, productivity and market value. For largest companies listed in KSE and ventures listed in KOSDAQ, the ratio of operating profit to sales is greater for high R&D intensity companies. Sales growth is in proportion to R&D intensity for all companies. Plots of value added per employee or sales per employee vs R&D per employee rise together for the sectors studied, especially for the chemical sectors and automobile sectors, demonstrating a correlation with productivity. The average market value of high R&D companies in the KSE has risen more than 1.6 times that of the KOSPI 200 index. Given the correlation between R&D intensity and company performance and given that R&D is a smaller percentage of surplus (profits plus R&D) than international level (both overall and in several sectors), the challenges facing Korean companies are to maintain the leading position in IT hardware and telecommunication, and to increase the intensity of R&D in many medium-intensive R&D sectors where Korea has an average intensity well below international or US levels.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.139-153
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• 2000

The aim of this paper is to provide a new model to evaluate the quantitative value of technology(nonfinancial benefits). This new model is based on the technology stock(technology level) ac-quired in R&D process. The model can explain the quantitative relation between the technology stock(level) and the market value of technology as considering the R&D expenditure to acquire technologies above a certain level(>70%) in comparison with the advanced country and the cost to prevent the technology obsolescence. The value of non-destructive testing technology which is one of the electric power technology is measured quantitatively as a case study.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate difference between manifest refraction (MR) and cycloplegic refraction (CR) with age and myopic value. Methods: Manifest and cycloplegic refractions were carried out on the patients of 229 myopic patients ($25.3{\pm}11.9$ years old). Results: The average results from a pre- and a postcycloplegic refraction showed a reduction of 0.19 D in myopia, 0.02 D in astigmatism and $1.85^{\circ}$ in astigmatism direction. Change of myopic value was higher in 30~40 age. Total 73 eyes of 229 patients who showed 0.50 diopter (D) in spherical, and a high degree of myopia group showed a higher discrepancy rate. Conclusions: The results found in the comparison of the value of the manifest refraction and cycloplegic refractions showed changes of myopic value was not significant with age of patient, but the group of high degree of myopia showed higher discrepancy rate.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

Uneven ink transfer of a print can be traced to several causes such as an incomplete contact between the paper surface and ink film, a coarse pattern of a continuous ink film after transfer, uneven absorption, etc. Uneven ink transfer was studied in this points by the Tollenaar. Uneven distributions of printed density are reflected in low ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ values of the print. Tollenaar's smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value was important factor that deciding printed quality which was easily obtain by densitometry. Limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ that obtained Tollenaar's formulation working as a influence factor at the printed quality. In this study, we obtained limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ and smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value of domestic newspapers and foreign newspapers. And we analyzed about properties of the newspaper. The result of this study, smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value and limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ showed the good results in the low porosity and low roughness newspaper. Datum which obtained by this study was used as printability factor for the quality control and improvement of domestic newspaper and wished to apply as a basic data for the domestic newspaper quality.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between colon transit time (CTT) test value and initial maintenance dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 or lactulose. Methods: Of 415 children with chronic functional constipation, 190 were enrolled based on exclusion criteria using the CTT test, defecation diary, and clinical chart. The CTT test was performed with prior disimpaction. The laxative dose for maintenance was determined on the basis of the defecation diary and clinical chart. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall group median value and interquartile range of the CTT test was 43.8 (31.8) hours. The average PEG 4000 dose for maintenance in the overall group was $0.68{\pm}0.18g/kg/d$; according to age, the dose was $0.73{\pm}0.16g/kg/d$ (<8 years), $0.53{\pm}0.12g/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years), and $0.36{\pm}0.05g/kg/d$ (12 to 15 years). The dose of lactulose was $1.99{\pm}0.43mL/kg/d$ (<8 years) or $1.26{\pm}0.25mL/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years). There was no significant correlation between CTT test value and initial dose of laxative, irrespective of the subgroup (encopresis, abnormal CTT test subtype) for either laxative. Even in the largest group (overall, n=109, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000), the correlation was weak (Pearson's correlation coefficient [R]=0.268, p=0.005). Within the abnormal transit group, subgroup (n=73, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000) correlation was weak (R=0.267, p=0.022). Conclusion: CTT test value cannot predict the initial maintenance dose of PEG 4000 or lactulose with linear correlation.