• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.B
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• pp.241-251
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• 2005

Exopolysaccharide (CBP) from submerged culture broth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium and the water soluble (BWS) and water insoluble (BWI) fractions of CBP were prepared by gel filtration. Antitumor activity and effects on proliferation and differenciation of human cancer cells and mouse NIH 3T3 cells were studied. Cytotoxicity test of CBP, BWS and BWI fractions on human cancer cell lines was performed by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. A549 (lung carcinoma), Colo320 DM and HSR (colon carcinoma), and NIH 3T3 cells were used. BWI fraction showed the strongest cytotoxicity (maximum 20% survival) to all human cells tested. However it did not induced apoptosis. Interestingly BWI fraction did not exert cytotoxic effect on NIH 3T3 cells at low concentration of cells ($5{\times}10^4$) but strong toxic effect at high concentration of cells($5{\times}10^5$) which showed transformed morphology. These results suggest that BWI may have cancer cell specific anticancer activity. However, BWI fraction did not effect the amount of pRb and c-myc protein, which implied that BWI fraction did not act at the early stage of signal transduction pathway. CBP fraction induced differenciation of human leukemic cell line, HL-60 cells suggesting the carcinogenesis prevention of normal cell and possible induction of normalization for cancer cell.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bo-du-san (BOS) on apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells, SNU-l cells. BOS, a drug preparation consisting of two herbs, that is, Crotonis Fructus (Strychni ignatii Semen, bodu in Korean) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Glycyrrhizae uralensis FISCH, Gamcho in Korean). Methodss : In this study, methanol extract of BOS was examined for cytotoxic activity on human gastric cancer cells, SNU-1 cells, using XTT assay, with an IC50 value was 0.7 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml at 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. Apoptosis induction by BDS in SNU-l cells was verified by the induction of DNA fragmentation, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Inhibitors of caspase-3, -8 and -9 (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Z-IETD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK) efficiently blocked BOS-induced cell death of SNU-l. Resultss : BOS-induced cell death was via caspase dependent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of BOS result in the decrease the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1 and E) expression and increase CDK inhibitor proteins (p21 and p27) expression, and increase apoptotic protein, p53 expression. Thus, BOS induces apoptosis in SNU-1 cells via cell cycle arrested in G1 phase. Conclusions : These results indicated that BOS has some potential for use as an anti-cancer agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

Objective : Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) (SM), an eminent herbal plant, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of vascular diseases such as hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether SM inhibits production of nitrite, an index of NO, and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. And this study investigated whether or not SM could reduce tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced inflammatory response in human vascular aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods : Cytotoxic activity of SM on RAW 264.7 cells was using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxy phenyJ)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. We measured the NO production using Griess Reagent System. Production of Proliflammatory cytokines was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results : Our results indicated that SM significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production accompanied by an attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 formation in macrophages. SM decreased TNF-${\alpha}$-induced IL-8, IL-6 production, and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression. Conclusion : These results indicate that SM has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.530-539
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• 1994

All lipoproteins are made up of three major classes of lipids : triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Lipoproteins vary in their relative content of these lipids as well as in size and protein content. Human low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a main carrier for cholesterol in the blood stream, and it is well established that cholesterol deposits in the arteries stem primarily from LDL and that increased levels of plasma LDL correlated with in increased risk of atherosclerosis. Various lines of research provide strong evidence that lDL may become oxidized in vivo and that oxidized-LDL is the species involved in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions. the most crucial findings in this context are the following : (1) Oxidized -LDL has chemotactic properties and if present in the intimal space of the arteries would recruit blood monocytes which then can develop into tissue macrophages ; (2) marcrophages take up oxidized-LDL unregulated to from lipid laden foam cells ; (3) Oxdized-LDLis highly cytotoxic and could be responsible for damage of the endothelial layer and for the destruction of smooth muscle cells.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.453-456
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of extracts from cultured hairy roots of R. undulatum on human kidney epithelial cells. Hairy roots were induced by a co-culture with A. rhizogenes ATCCl5834 and cultured in WPM medium. The cytotoxicity was measured by colorimetric assay using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H -tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) with human kidney epithelial cell lines A498. MTT, NR and SRB quantities decreased propotionally in cultured A498 cells treated with the water or chloroform extracts of cultured hairy roots at increasing concentrations. These results suggest that extracts of cultured hairy 개ots are cytotoxic on human epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of chloroforrm fraction was stronger than that of water fraction. The values of $MTT_{50}$, $NR_{50}$, $SRB_{50}$ of the extracts of chloroform fraction and those of water fraction were measured to be 289.3${\mu}g$/ml, 302.7${\mu}g$/ml. 433.8${\mu}g$/ml and 475.8${\mu}g$/ml. 428.3${\mu}g$/ml, 549.5${\mu}g$/ml in A498 cell line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.475-479
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• 2004

The proteinpolysaccharides (PPS) from Polyporus umbellatus (P. umbellatus) screlotium is composed by 78.2% of saccharide, 16.8% of protein, and 4.0% of ash. PPS from P. umbellatus showed antitumor activities against 180 solid tumor in ICR mice at the concentration of 20-160 mg/kg/day. PPS from P. umbellatus inhibited cell viability to 47.4% and 45.0% in leukemia cell lines, L-1210 and K-562 cells at 50-400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL concentration, respectively. But the hall mark of cell apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was not observed at those concentration. 2.5-10.0% of PPS from P. umbellatus inhibited mutagenecity evoked by 2-nitrofluorene and sodium azide in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. From these results, it is suggested that the PPS of P. umbellatus has antitumor and antimutagenic effect, and its cytotoxic effect may not be ascribed to the apoptosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

Melaleuca leucadendron L. has been used as a tranquilizing, sedating, evil-dispelling and pain-relieving agent. We examined the effects of M. leucadendron L. extracts on oxidative stress and inflammation. M. leucadendron L. was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and butanol (BuOH). Antioxidant activity of the MeOH extract and BuOH fraction were higher than that of both ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and butyrated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Total phenol content in the extracts of M. leucadendron L., especially the BuOH fraction, well correlated with the antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of BuOH extracts were investigated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The BuOH fraction significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. Furthermore, BuOH extract of M. leucadendron L. inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS protein without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. The extract of M. leucadendron L. also suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) and its degradation associated with nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation. Furthermore, BuOH fraction inhibited LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that M. leucadendron L. could be useful as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory resource.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.558-563
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the cytotoxic effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and propyl gallate (PG) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. Here we measured the inhibition level of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and elucidated the relationships between GJIC and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as ERK, JNK, and p38. The cytotoxicities of BHT and PG appeared at concentrations of 1.0mM and 0.25mM, respectively, in the WB-F344 cells; and GJIC inhibition, which was analyzed by a scrape-loading/dye transfer assay and Western blotting analysis, appeared at 0.6mM for BHT and 0.1mM for PG, respectively. Also, the phosphorylations of Cx43, ERK, JNK, and p38 increased in dose-dependent manners. This suggests that BHT and PG treatments inhibited GJIC by the phosphorylation of MAPKs prior to cell damage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.795-805
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• 2005

Objective : Normocytic Normochromic Anemia is one of the most common cases in clinics of all types of morphological Anemia. This study is aimed at examining significant curative effects of Sayuktanggami-bang on Cerebral vascular accident(CVA) patients with Normocytic Normochromic Anemia. Methods : For this study to examine the effects of Sayuktanggami(四六湯加味方), Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A(experimental group) consisted of 19 cases prescribed Sayuktanggami-bang, Group B (control group) consisted of 15 cases prescribed other herbs. Before presciption, They were tested for CBC, AST, ALT, Total protein, Cholesterol, TG, HDL, BUN, Creatinine, Uric acid, Na, K, Cl while fasting, then were given the herbs over two weeks. They were checked again for changes over those two weeks. Results : In cases of group A, the statistical significance of CBC changes before and after treatment were recognizable : RBC(p<0.01), Hb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.01). In comparing CBC changes between group A and group B which developed cerebral infarction group, a type of CVA, the significance of curative effects in group A is recognizable over group B before and after treatment : RBC(p<0.01), Hb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.05). Cytotoxic reaction was nonexistant. Conclusion : Results of this study suggest that Sayuktanggami-bang has curative effects for CVA patients with normocytic normochromic anemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1869-1880
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• 2004

In the oriental medicine, a mixture of herbs has been commonly used as important components to control allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we prepared a mixture of Dictamni Radicis Cortex(Baiksunpee), Houttuyniae Herba(Uhsungcho), and Aurantii Immaturus Fructus(Jisil) to examine its anti-allergic effects in activated mouse splenic cells and found that Mix-1 is involved in regulating levels of B cell activating factors (CD23 and CD11a), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and 1gE as well as HRF expression. It was observed that Mix-1 did not have cytotoxic effects on mLFC. Mix-1 showed inhibition of CD23 and CD11 alpaha expression in mouse B cells, and also decreased the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and 1gE. Both RT-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated that IL-6 and TNF alpha production were regulated at the gene expression level. In contrast, IL-10 mRNA and protein levels were increased in activated B cells by Mix-1 treatment. We also found that Mix-1 inhibited B cell proliferation and inhibited histamine releasing factor(HRF) expression, suggesting its inhibitory effect on histamine secretion. These data indicated that Mix-1 has an anti-allergic effect in activated macrophages and further suggest the possible application of Mix-1 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergy-related diseases.