• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2006

Green tea is of particular source as it has been found to have strong antioxidant activities. The extracts of green tea during the commercial harvest seasons from April, 2003 to August, 2003 were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the polyphenol content of green teas and its antioxidant activities. The con-tent of total polyphenols was analyzed and several antioxidant testings were performed. The levels of total polyphenols were higher in the green teas (e.g. Woojeon, Sejak) harvested during very early spring and lower in the green teas harvested late(eg. Ipha, Yepcha). In particular, the free radical scavenging, the inhibition of LDL oxidation, the cytoprotective effect and the inhibition of DNA damage were correlated with the total polyphenol contents of green tea extracts harvested early spring such as Woojeon, Sejak and Jungjak. The results obtained here show that all extracts of green teas including purified green tea catechin, GTC, have strong antioxidant activities on oxidative stress in vifrθ. The variation in polyphenol content and antioxidant activities among various types of green tea by the harvesting time may provide critical information for investigators and consumers using tea in purposes of nutrition and chemoprevention.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.586-591
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is closely related to miconazole-induced heart dysfunction. Although rhamnetin has antioxidant effects, it remained unknown whether it can protect against miconazole-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Thus, we investigated the effects of rhamnetin on miconazole-stimulated H9c2 cell apoptosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope and cell viability was determined using a WelCount$^{TM}$ cell proliferation assay kit. Miconazole-induced ROS production was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluoroscein diacetate ($H_2DCF$-DA) stain. Immunoblot analysis was used to determine apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE/Ref-1) and cleaved cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) 3 expression. NADPH oxidase levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Miconazole (3 and $10{\mu}M$) induced abnormal morphological changes and cell death in H9c2 cells. Rhamnetin enhanced the viability of miconazole ($3{\mu}M$)-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Rhamnetin (1 and $3{\mu}M$) treatment downregulated cleaved caspase 3 and upregulated APE/Ref-1 expression in miconazole-stimulated cells. Additionally, rhamnetin significantly reduced ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that rhamnetin may have cytoprotective effects in miconazole-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes via ROS inhibition. This effect most likely occurs through the upregulation of APE/Ref-1 and attenuation of hydrogen peroxide levels.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and severe type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP), and which is currently no method was developed to restore normal structure and function. There are several reports on therapeutic effects of adult stem cell transplantations in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about how mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can repair the IPF. In this study, we try to provide the evidence to show that transplanted mesenchymal stem cells directly replace fibrosis with normal lung cells using IPF model mice. As results, transplanted MSC successfully integrated and differentiated into type II lung cell which express surfactant protein. In the other hand, we examine the therapeutic effects of microvesicle treatment, which were released from mesenchymal stem cells. Though the therapeutic effects of MV treatment is less than that of MSC treatment, MV treat-ment meaningfully reduced the symptom of IPF, such as collagen deposition and inflammation. These data suggest that stem cell transplantation may be an effective strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis via replacement and cytoprotective effect of microvesicle released from MSCs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2009

Gymnosporia rothiana (walp) Lawson (celastraceae), commonly known as Maytenus rothiana, is used in Indian folk medicine as an antiulcerogenic agent. However, there have been no scientific reports regarding its antiulcer activity. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the antiulcer property of petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanolic extract of leaves of Gymnosporia rothiana at different dose levels in ethanol induced and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer models. It was observed that oral administration of all the extract of Gymnosporia rothiana produces significant reduction in ulcer lesion index as well as increase in volume and pH of gastric content in both experimental models, being petroleum ether extract the most effective at dose of 250 mg/kg; it significantly reduced gastric lesion index (70.06%), in comparison to omeprazole (71.20%) and methanolic extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg (67.22%). Increased gastric mucosal defense mechanism by petroleum ether extract is probably due to its high levels of terpenoids like $\beta$ amyrin, lupeol acetate. The present results clearly shows antiulcer effect of Gymnosporia rothiana against various irritants has been mainly due to cytoprotective effect mediated through prostaglandin and partly due to free radical scavenging activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. RA exerted a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. RA also attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including protein carbonyl content, DNA strand breaks, and the level of 8-isoprostane. Furthermore, RA increased the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and their transcription factor Nrf2, which are decreased by UVB radiation. Collectively, these data indicate that RA can provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and has potential to be developed as a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the depigmentation effects of Aloe, Camellia sinensis and Mel. Methods : Inhibition of tyrosinase activity, melanin production & melanoma cell viability in cultured B16 melanoma cells, UV screen and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide were measured. Results : Aloe has some inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity, on the other hand Camellia sinensis and Mel do not have. They did not show any inhibitory effects on melanin production in melanoma cells and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. Aloe and Camellia sinensis have some inhibitory effects on UV screen. Conclusions : This study shows that Aloe and Camellia sinensis which were generally used for external application have some depigmentation effects. Following this, We should use them for whitening agents and the depigmentation effects of the other natural subjects which were generally used for external application should be examined.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.48-64
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• 2002

The primary recognized health risk from common deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a cytoprotective enzyme for oxidative stress, is red blood cell hemolysis. Here we show that litters from untreated pregnant mutant mice with a hereditary G6PD deficiency had increased prenatal (fetal resorptions) and postnatal death. When treated with the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, a human teratogen that is commonly used in pregnant women and causes embryonic oxidative stress, G6PD-deficient dams had higher embryonic DNA oxidation and more fetal death and birth defects. The reported G6PD gene mutation was confirmed and used to genotype fetal resorptions, which were primarily G6PD deficient. This is the first evidence that G6PD is a developmentally critical cytoprotective enzyme for both endogenous and xenobiotic-initiated embryopathic oxidative stress and DNA damage. G6PD deficiencies accordingly may have a broader biological relevance as important determinants of infertility, in utero and postnatal death, and teratogenesis.-Nicol, C. J., Zielenski, J., Tsui, L.-C., Wells, P. G. An embryoprotective role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in developmental oxidative stress and chemical teratogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2007

We have studied the cytoprotective effect on H$_2$O$_2$ induced oxidative stress from leaves of Carpinus tschonoskii. The methanol extract of Carpinus tschonoskii was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using flow cytometry and confocal microscope. This extract prevented lipid peroxidation and thus reduced cell death of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) induced by H$_2$O$_2$ treatment. The extract increased catalase activity and phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, the results suggest that Carpinus tschonoskii protects V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by H$_2$O$_2$ through scavenging ROS.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권3호통권142호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2005

Protective effects of various natural flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity were investigated in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Some of these flavonoids decreased the ALT and LDH releases induced by $CCl_4$ in A dose-dependent manner. Neohesperidin, hesperetin, baicalin, baicalein and quercetin inhibited $CCl_4-induced$ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release. In addition, quercetin, quercitrin, neohesperidin, baicalin, baicalein and naringin reduced $CCl_4$ induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Among these flavonoids, quercitrin, quercetin, baicalin and baicalein possessed potent protective effects and were selected for the further investigation on lipid peroxidation. These four flavonoids inhibited dose dependently $CCl_4-induced$ lipid peroxidation. Especially, the protective effects of quercetin and baicalein were similar to silybin as a well-known hepatoprotective agent. These results suggest that these four flavonoids have significant cytoprotective effects and possibility of therapeutic effect on chemical-induced liver diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.104-117
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the skin-whitening effect of Kakamseosiokyong-san Method : We investigated that the extracts of Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibit activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme which converts 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine to dopachrom in the biosynthetic process of melanin. the UV absorbance of the extracts in the UV - A region and UV - B region was measured by UV scanning. the effect of extracts on cell viability and melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells was measured, and cytoprotective effects of extracts on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide was measured by MTT assay Results: The extracts of Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibited activity of tyrosinase. The extracts not only showed inhibitory effects on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but also exhibited cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide, but did not showed an absorbance in the UV - A region and UV - B region. Conclusion: These results suggest that Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyperpigmentation and could be used as a whitening agent for the skin.