• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 1995

Corydalis remota Fish. ex Max. (Papaveraceae) is a well known medicinal plant being used as analgesics or anticonvulsive in oriental medicine. As the alkaloid content is known to vary depending on the environmental factors, the technology of plant tissue culture can be adopted as source of Corydalis-alkaloids. The present study describes an establishment of tissue cultures of Corydalis which produce alkaloids consistently. Callus were induced from immature seeds of Corydalis remota by placing the seeds on MS static media containing NAA(0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 mg/l, respectively). The combined treatment of NAA(1.0 mg/l) with cytokinin(BAP 0.5 mg/l) improved the induction of callus. TLC scanning data followed by sequential extraction and purification revealed that the induced callus contains a significant amount of alkaloids. Cell suspension cultures were established by transferring the induced callus into the liquid media with the same condition of plant growth regulators as the callus culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2001

In order to establish efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic suspension cultures of soybean, Glycine max L, we examined the effects of auxin type and concentration, cytokinin type and concentration, and amino acid type and concentration on the growth of embryogenic clumps from induced callus, and the effect of desiccation of mature somatic embryos obtained from these clumps on the frequency of somatic embryo germination. Embryogenic callus was induced from the edge of the cotyledons cultured on MS medium containing 6% sucrose, 40 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2% gelrite and pH 5.7. The growth of embryogenic clumps was best in early staged, embryogenic callus that was placed in suspension culture of MS medium containing 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L asparagine. Single somatic embryos were isolated from the clumps and plated on the same medium for maturation. When the mature single somatic embryos were desiccated for 96 h, somatic embryo germination came up to approximately 90%. The plantlets germinated after embryos desiccation for 2 weeks were transfered to MS medium containing 3% sucrose,0.2% gelrite and pH 5.7.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.335-337
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• 1995

The effect of plant growth regulators on proliferation of shoot from stem node culture of Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.) was studied using Quoirin and Lepoivre (1977) medium. Among the cytokinin tested, BAP, kinetin, and thidiazuron at various concentrations had no effect on shoot multiplication However when zeatin at 5$\times$10$^{-5}$ M was added to the medium, an average of 6 shoots were regenerated per explant after 8 weeks of culture. The ratio of rooting ex vitro was remarkably increased up to 34% by dipping the basal end in 0.5 to 1.0% IBA on talc compared with 3% in vitro rooting. Rooted plantlets were acclimated in greenhouse conditions for one month and successfully transplanted to the field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Plant regeneration of Pulsatilla koreana was achieved via adventitious shoot formation indirectly from callus and directly from adventitious root segments. For the callus induction from leaf or petiole explants, combination of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) with $2.22\;{\mu}M$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) was effective. Adventitious shoot induction from callus was enhanced by the combined treatment with $0.1\;{\mu}M$ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) compared to cytokinin treatment alone. Adventitious roots were induced from the petiole segments on 1/2 MS medium with $4.93\;{\mu}M$ IBA. High frequency direct adventitious shoot formation from the segments of adventitious roots was achieved on medium with $4.92\;{\mu}M$ 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip). Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing $5.71\;{\mu}M$ indole acetic acid (IAA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully transferred to soil. This in vitro propagation protocol might be useful for mass propagation as well as conservation of this plant.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

cDNA for oxidosqualene cyclase was cloned by a homology-based PCR method and sequenced from Centella asiatica. In a sequences analysis, the putative polypeptide of C. asiatica cycloartenol synthase (CaCYS) deduced from the 2,274 bp nucleotide sequence, consisted of 758 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 86.3 kD. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited high homology to that of PNX (cycloartenol synthase) from Panax ginseng ($89\%$). Southern blot analysis suggests that CaCYS may be present in one copy of the C. asiatica genome. If methyl jasmonate (MJ) is applied exogenously to plants, not only triterpene saponins are accumulated in tissues, but also it produces effects such as growth inhibition and the promotion of ethylene production. In order to investigate the effect of MJ and thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin that plays a role as an antisenescence agent in several plants, on the level of CaCYS mRNA, we performed northern blot analysis. When MJ is alone treated by adding to culture medium, CaCYS transcripts were inhibited. However, sustained levels of the expression of CaCYS, by adding TDZ to the medium despite MJ treatments, were demonstrated in C. asiatica leaves.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2004

The medicinal value of the genus Cleome justifies bio-technological studies of Cleome rosea, a Brazilian annual species from sandy coastal ecosystems (restinga), which have been submitted to an intense process of antropogenic degradation. In the present work, was analyzed the influence of cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) added to the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), on the proliferation capacity of explants from the stem axis (hypocotyl, node and internode) for a period of five monthly subcultures (150 days). Regardless of the explant sources, plantlet regeneration by direct and indirect organogenesis was observed. The largest number of shoots proliferated through direct organogenesis was obtained on medium with 4.4 $\mu{M}$ BA. Also, the highest proliferation capacity through indirect organogenesis was found on medium with 4.4 $\mu{M}$ BA + 4.6 $\mu{M}$ kinetin. The presence of kinetin alone was not effective for multiplication of the species. Elongation and rooting were obtained when shoots were transferred onto growth regulator-free medium, and acclimatization rates from 70% to 81% were achieved depending on explant sources used. Plants were then successfully established in soil and showed normal phenotypes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11
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• pp.40-47
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• 1998

When the leaves, roots and stem segments of seedling of Polygonatum odoratum were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 2.0mg/l BAP, stem segments were the most efficient explants for adventitious shoot inductino. To observe the efficient combination of growth regulators on the adventitious shoot formation , stem segments were cultured on MS medium with various kinds of cytokinins (BAP, kinetin, zeatin). From this experiment, cytokinin treatement was prerequisite for theadventitious shoot formatino,especially BAP was the most effective. Auxin (NAA or IBA) in combination with cyotokinin highly enhanced the adventitious shoot formation. Twenty five percents of explants produced the adventitious shoots on medium with 2.0mg/l BAP solely, while 83% of explants produced the adventitious shoots on medium with 2.0mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l IBA. Root formationform adventitious shoot was promoted after transfer to 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l IBA and 0.5mg/l zeatin, thereafter the plantlets with shoots and roots were cultured on 1/2MS medium lacking growth regulators. When the stem segments were cultured to MS medium with 1.0mg/l 2,4 NAA and IBA , yellow and nodulous cali were formed from the stem segments which were developed into adventitious roots. These roots were actively grew after transferred to MS liquid medium lacking growth regulators.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.50-63
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• 1996

Nitrogen (N) is an important regulator of the expression of genes involved in carbon and N assimilation pathways in plants by selectively altering the levels of proteins and/or mRNAs. These in C4 plants include genes for such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, and pyruvate-Pi dikinase. The C4 genes are regulated in mesophyll cells by N availability both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally through cytokinins and glutamine as signals. The level of both the signals is up-regulated by N availability: cytokinins in roots and glutamine in leaves. The level of glutamine is controlled by the differential expression by N of glutamine synthetase and ferrdoxin-dependent glutamate synthase genes which locate in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants. The results is discussed as molecular mechanism for the greater N use efficiency of the plants as well as N partitioning is the photosynthetic cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

Adventitious shoots were directly induced from leaf explants of R. glutinosa, an important medicinal plant. Proliferating shoot cultures were obtained by culturing leaf discs on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium alone or combination with auxins and cytokinins. MS medium supplemented with 1 $mg/{\ell}\;BA\;and\;2\;mg/{\ell}$ IAA was the most effective, providing high shoot bud formation frequency without formation of intervening callus. The effect of leaf age on adventitious shoot formation was also investigated. The maximum shoot bud production (93.4%) was achived using 3rd leaf from apex of 6 weeks old plantlets after seed germination. Plantlet were rooted on an half-strength MS (1/2MS) medium containing 0.1 $mg/{\ell}\;IBA$. This prtocol is useful for clonal propagation and Agrobacterium-mediated transforamtion in R. glutinosa.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.464-467
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• 2001

In order to establish a in vitro propagation system for gold tree[Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$], the effects of auxins and cytokinins on shoot multiplication and rooting were investigated. Germination rate was the best in MS medium. The fresh weight and number of shoot were the best on the medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l NAA. Shoots were successfully rooted in MS medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Roots were easily formed by the addition of auxins, especially 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l BAP.P.