• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.791-795
• /
• 2008

In the present study, Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE) was evaluated to determine if it could protect pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells against cytokine-induced cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells. Treatment of cells with cytokines resulted in a decrease of viability, which was caused by increase of nitric oxide (NO) production. CSE protected cytokine-mediated viability reduction in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation with CSE also induced a significant suppression of cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and NO production. The molecular mechanism by which CSE inhibited iNOS protein expression appeared to involve the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. The cytokine-stimulated RIN cells showed increases in $NF-{\kappa}B$ binding activity compared to unstimulated cells. However, pretreatment with CSE inhibited cytokines-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in RINm5F cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2009

Codonopsis lanceolatae have been used as one of the traditional remedies as well as food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolatae water extracts enhanced the splenocytes proliferation compared to the control group. This study, the combined immunomodulative effect of water extract Codonopsis lanceolatae was Seven to eight weeks old mice(balb/c) was fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W.). The production of cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$), secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not, were detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. The result of ex vivo study showed that the IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was detected at 500 mg/kg B.W. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, ratio of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-10 was the range of 3${\sim}$7 with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that Codonopsis lanceolatae extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 2012

Corn has been used for a long time as a traditional remedy, as well as a food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of corn water extracts enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, compared to the control group. In this study, we examined the immunomodulative effect of a water extract of corn. Seven to eight weeks old mice(Balb/c) were fed an ad libitum chow diet, and were orally administrated a water extract of corn every other day, for four weeks, at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W). Cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not stimulated with LPS was detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. In an ex vivo study, the cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were detected at 500 mg/kg b.w. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, the ratio of IFN-${\gamma}$ to IL-10 was in the range of 0~3 with mitogen stimulation, such as con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that in mice, corn extracts may enhance immune function by regulating the cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) of the activated macrophages.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.246-250
• /
• 2019

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn has been usedas a traditional remedy and food source in South Korea. It promotes gastrointestinal function and controls blood pressures. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn water extracts supplement at 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ after a 48 h pre-treatment with the mitogen (ConA or LPS) increased the mouse splenocytes proliferation. Water extract supplement also increased the cytokine production ($IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$), measured by a cytokine ELISA kit. For the result of in vitro study, the proliferation of splenocytes and cytokine production activated by peritoneal macrophages increased when water extracts were supplemented in the range of $50{\sim}500{\mu}L/mL$ concentration. Specifically, the levels of the splenocytes proliferation, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ were the highest at $250{\mu}L/mL$ concentration. This in vitro study suggestedthat supplementation with Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn water extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and enhancing the cytokine production activating macrophage in vitro.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2005

유색미 겨 추출물이 염증반응에 미치는 효과를 호중구 세포주 및 비만세포가 분비하는 염증매개물질인 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비 및 염증 cytokine 생성에 대한 억제활성을 측정하여 평가하였다. 호중구 세포주인 RBL-2H3 세포와 rat에서 분리 추출한 복강 비만세포(RPMC, peritoneal mast cell)를 이용하여 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 분비에 대한 억제활성을 조사한 결과, 일반미 겨 추출물은 RBL-2H3 세포에서 염증매개물질들의 분비량을 증가시킨 반면, 유색미 겨 추출물은 이들의 분비를 억제하였다(histamine 10.19% 억제, ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 110.03% 억제). RPMC에서는 유색미가 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비를 일반미보다 각각 8배와 3배나 높게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 염증관련 cytokine으로서 $IL-1{\beta},\;TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6의 발현을 RT-PCR로 측정한 결과, 유색미가 일반미 보다 $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6의 발현을 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. ELISA를 이용하여 cytokine의 분비량을 측정한 실험에서도 유색미가 일반미보다 $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6의 분비를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과는 유색미가 염증반응의 원인 물질인 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비에 대한 억제효과 뿐 아니라, 염증 cytokine의 발현을 저해하는 효과도 일반미보다 우수하다는 사실을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.1133-1142
• /
• 2014

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine and inducer of various proinflammatory cytokines such as $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 as well as chemokines. There are five splicing variants (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$, ${\delta}$, and ${\varepsilon}$) and IL-$32{\gamma}$ is the most active isoform. We generated human IL-$32{\gamma}$ transgenic (IL-$32{\gamma}$ TG) mice to express high level of IL-$32{\gamma}$ in various tissues, including immune cells. The pathology of sepsis is based on the systemic inflammatory response that is characterized by upregulating inflammatory cytokines in whole body, particularly in response to gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the role of IL-$32{\gamma}$ in a mouse model of experimental sepsis by using lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We found that IL-$32{\gamma}TG$ mice resisted LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. IL-$32{\gamma}$ reduced systemic cytokines release after LPS administration but not the local immune response. IL-$32{\gamma}TG$ increased neutrophil influx into the initial foci of the primary injected site, and prolonged local cytokines and chemokines production. These results suggest that neutrophil recruitment in IL-$32{\gamma}TG$ occurred as a result of the local induction of chemokines but not the systemic inflammatory cytokine circulation. Together, our results suggest that IL-$32{\gamma}$ enhances an innate immune response against local infection but inhibits the spread of immune responses, leading to systemic immune disorder.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.768-773
• /
• 2002

Behcets disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder. The etiology and pathogenesis of Behcets disease has yet been fully elucidated but might involve immune dysfunction. Cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of Behcets disease (BD). Onchungeum is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been successfully used in Korea for the treatment of BD. This report describes modulation effects of Onchungeum on cytokine production from phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Behcets patients by ELISA. Onchungeum significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNF-α and IL-1β, compared to absence of Onchungeum (by 52.3 1.4 % inhibition for TNF-α and 113.5 3.3 % for IL-1β, p < 0.001). Onchungeum also inhibited the production of IFN-γ, immunoregulatory Th1 cytokine, by 89.4 0.8 % (p < 0.001). The inhibitory effects of Onchungeum on cytokine production showed dose-dependent manner, and the pre-treatment of 1 mg/ml Onchungeum had better effects than immunosuppressive drug for treatment of BD, cyclosporin A. Our results suggest that Onchungeum treatment for Behcets disease patients may have pharmacologic activities and abilities of regulation of immune and inflammatory responses by cytokine modulation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1517-1526
• /
• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods have potential as a treatment for immune-related disorders and the use of LAB has been increasing worldwide. In this study, the differential cytokine regulatory effect was examined with three isolates of lactobacilli strains; namely, Lactobacillus plantarum K55-5 isolated from dairy product, and L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K8 previously isolated from kimchi (a Korean traditional fermented vegetable). Production of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was significantly increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-treated splenocytes as compared with controls. The oral administration of L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K55-5 increased cytokine production in the immunosuppressed mouse splenocytes and blood. NK cell cytotoxic activity was also increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-fed mice. On the other hand, L. plantarum K8 did not affect cytokine induction in all the experiments performed in this study. The cytokine-inducing effect of L. plantarum K55-5 was significantly increased by lysates of heat-killed bacteria as compared with live, heat-killed, or supernatant of cell lysates. TNF-α production by lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) isolated from the three isolates of lactobacilli was compared, and it was found that K55-5 LTA had a highest cytokine-inducing ability, which was mediated by TLR2-mediated NF-κB and ERK activation. Taken together, our study suggests that L. plantarum K55-5 and L. sakei K101 can be used for the treatment of immunosuppressed disorders.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2000

Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli, normal colonic inhabitants, are the most frequently isolated bacteria in infected tissues, particularly in intraabdominal abscesses. This study was designed to determine whether enteric bacteria may alter the B. fragilis-induced expression of pro inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal tissue (MPT). After C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with abscess-forming mixture containing B. fragilis in the presence or absence of E. coli, RNA was extracted from MPT. Expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$ mRNA was assessed using RT-PCR and standard RNA. Each cytokine protein was also measured by ELISA. The co-inoculation of E. coli into mouse peritoneal cavity advanced the onset of abscess development by B. fragilis infection. When mouse was co-infected with E. coli and B. fragilis intraperitoneally, there was a synergistic increase in the expression of IL-$1{\alpha}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ mRNA in MPT and this was paralleled by increased cytokine protein secretion. Mixed inoculation of heat-killed E. coli and B. fragilis did not cause a synergistic increase in those cytokine mRNA expression. These results suggest that enteric bacteria may significantly affect proinflammatory cytokine signal produced by host peritoneal cavity in response to B. fragilis infection.