• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine whether responses to serotonin are altered in bladder strips from cats diagnosed with a naturally occurring form of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis termed feline interstitial cystitis (FIC). Methods: Full thickness bladder strips were isolated from aged matched healthy control cats and cats with clinically verified FIC. Bladder strips were mounted in an organ bath and connected to a tension transducer to record contractile activity. A serotonin dose response ($0.01-10{\mu}M$) was determined for each strip with the mucosa intact or denuded. Results: Bladder strips from control and FIC cats contracted in response to serotonin in a dose-dependent manner. The normalized force of serotonin-evoked contractions was significantly greater in bladder strips from cats with FIC (n=7) than from control cats (n=4). Removal of the mucosa significantly decreased serotonin-mediated responses in both control and FIC bladder preparations. Furthermore, the contractions in response to serotonin were abolished by $1{\mu}M$ atropine in both control and FIC bladder strips. Conclusions: The effect of serotonin on contractile force, but not sensitivity, was potentiated in bladder strips from cats with FIC, and was dependent upon the presence of the mucosa in control and FIC groups. As atropine inhibited these effects of serotonin, we hypothesize that, serotonin enhances acetylcholine release from the mucosa of FIC cat bladder strips, which could account for the increased force generated. In summary, FIC augments the responsiveness of bladder to serotonin, which may contribute to the symptoms associated with this chronic condition.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2015

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is characterized by the presense of hypereosinophilia with evidence of target organ damage. We report a patient diagnosed with eosinophilic cystitis and HES. A 7 year old boy had hematuria, dysuria, and increased urinary frequency for 1 day. Laboratory examinations revealed hypereosinophilia (eosinophils, $2,058/{\mu}L$), hematuria, and proteinuria. Abdominal sonography revealed diffuse and severe wall thickening of the bladder. The patient was treated initially with antibiotics. However, his symptoms did not improve after 7 days. A computed tomography scan demonstrated severe wall thickening of the bladder and the hypereosinophilia persisted (eosinophils, $2,985/{\mu}L$). The patient complained of chest discomfort, dyspnea, epigastric pain, and vomiting on hospital day 10. Parasitic, allergic, malignancy, rheumatologic, and immune workups revealed no abnormal findings. Chest X-rays, electrocardiography, and a pulmonary function test were normal; however, the hypereosinophilia was aggravated (eosinophils, $3,934/{\mu}L$). Oral deflazacort was administered. A cystoscopic biopsy showed chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration. The patient's respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms improved after 6 days of steroids, and he was discharged. The eosinophil count decreased dramatically ($182/{\mu}L$). The hypereosinophilia waxed and waned for 7 months, and the oral steroids were tapered and stopped. This case describes a patient diagnosed with eosinophilic cystitis and HES.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-249
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• 2012

An 8-year-old castrated male Cocker Spaniel (weighing 12.0 kg) was referred to the Kangwon National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with primary complaints of persistent hematuria. Diagnostic studies revealed neutrophilia, hematuria, proteinuria, abnormal irregular shaped hyperechoic lesion in urinary bladder. The lesion was demarcated from the intact region of bladder and consisted of eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocyte and fibrocytes. Based on the histopathological exam, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic polypoid cystitis and treated by surgical removal and short-term medical therapy (meloxicam and amitriptyline). The therapy was successful and recurrence has not been occurred.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.389-391
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• 2016

A 10-month-old, intact female Shih-tzu dog with a pelvic limb ataxic gait, and urinary and fecal incontinence since birth, was examined by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The butterfly hemivertebra of the fourth lumbar vertebra, agenesis of the third sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, and spina bifida of the remaining sacral vertebra were observed on the computed tomography images. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traction of the conus medullaris. The dog was diagnosed with sacrocaudal dysgenesis with presumptive tethered cord syndrome, and concurrent infectious cystitis was found by ultrasonography and urinary analysis. The Shih-tzu recovered from the cystitis, but still has the ataxic gait and urinary and fecal incontinence. This report summarizes the case of a dog with sacrocaudal dysgenesis that was identified by imaging diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2016

A 12-years-old Maltese (castrated male) dog with jaundice and purulent discharge from the shoulder was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. A physical and laboratory examination revealed that the mucosa of the conjunctiva and the sclera were icteric, and the liver functional enzyme level and the total bilirubin level were increased. Duodenal caudal deviation caused by suspected masses in diameter of about 2 cm was shown by radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. Using fine needle aspiration (FNA) and computed tomography (CT), the dog was diagnosed with alimentary lymphoma. The dog was treated with chemotherapy. Hematuria was discovered and dysuria occurred because of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis, which is a unique complication resulting from the use of cyclophosphamide.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2022

Objectives: This study is to report a case of hypersensitivity vasculitis with petechiae improved by Jeoryoung-tang Methods: Petechiae was observed in the upper and lower extremities of the patient. The patient also complained of cystitis symptoms such as dysuria and residual urine. Since there were no other accompanying symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or joint pain, the patient was diagnosed with hypersensitivity vasculitis and Jeoryoung-tang was prescribed for about a month. Results: After administering Jeoryoung-tang for about a month, petechiae improved from 8 to 2 points, and cystitis symptoms also improved from NRS 7 to 2 points. Conclusions: Since it has been confirmed that Jeoryoung-tang was effective as the treatment of skin symptoms through this case, Jeoryoung-tang can be prescribed for patients with other type skin diseases. However, since it is difficult to generalize this single case, continuous follow-up studies should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2017

A 5-year-old castrated male Chinchilla Persian cat weighing 4.84 kg was referred for hematuria. The cat had a history of urethrostomy and bacterial cystitis. In urine culture, Candida glabrata was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Based on these results, the cat was diagnosed with Candida cystitis. Subsequently, oral administration of fluconazole was initiated. Urine culture was negative at 31 days after administration. This case describes the diagnosis and treatment of Candida glabrata infection of urinary bladder in a cat with a history of urethrostomy.

• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

Purpose: The effects of Lactobacillus fermentation extract (LFE) on cystitis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mouse bladder were investigated by pathological analyses and measurement of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Materials and Methods: LFE was administered orally ($5{\mu}g/L$) to mice for 10 days after which the study group (n=12) received transurethral injection of $5{\mu}g/L$ LPS. The bladder tissue was then harvested after 24 hours and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. A semi-quantitative score was used to evaluate inflammation (bladder inflammation index, BII). $TNF-{\alpha}$ immunohistochemical staining and multiplex cytokine assays were also performed. $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-18 levels were determined. The results were compared with those of the control group (n=12). Results: The BII in the control and study groups was $2.7{\pm}0.5$ and $1.1{\pm}0.7$, respectively, with the control group scores differing significantly from the study group scores (p<0.001). $TNF-{\alpha}$ immunohistochemical staining results were similar. The $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels determined by the multiplex cytokine assay were $2.82{\pm}1.35pg/mg$ and $1.55{\pm}0.56pg/mg$ for the control and study groups, respectively, and the difference between these groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). Conclusions: Oral administration of LFE appears to have a preventive effect against the inflammatory responses and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression induced by transurethral instillation of LPS in the mouse bladder. Further studies are required to determine the clinical application of this finding.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-36
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• 1980

The common diseases of urinary bladder are usually caused by bacteria, most commonly by ascention of E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. A German Shepherd had been sicked with bladder infection for about 4 months and has been treated for 1

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2020

A 23-year-old Korean woman with a residence history in Kenya and Malawi for about 2 years presented with gross hematuria for 1 month. Blood tests were within normal range except eosinophilia. Asymmetrically diffuse wall thickening and calcification were observed at the urinary bladder on CT. Multiple erythematous nodular lesions were observed in the cystoscopy and transurethral resection was done. Numerous eggs of Schistosoma haematobium with granulomatous inflammation were observed in the submucosal layer of the bladder. The patient was diagnosed with schistosomiasis-related cystitis and treated with praziquantel (40 mg/kg/day) twice before and after transurethral resection. This case suggests that S. haematobium infection should be considered as a cause of hematuria in Korea when the patient had a history of traveling endemic areas of schistosomiasis.