• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2003

To investigate the cyclohexane and xylene mixture treatment on the liver damage, the rats were treated by the mixture of cyclohexane and xylene (CH＋X) and then, liver damage was demonstrated by liver function findings based on liver weight/body weight, serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), xanthine oxidase (XO) and then compared with cyclohexane treated group (CH group) and xylene-treated group (X). The CH＋X group showed merely severer liver damge than CH or X group. On the other hand, CH＋X group showed lower activity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase (CYPdAH) than CH or X group, but no statical differences were demonstrated among three experimental groups. Especially the hepatic GSH content was merely declined than CH or X group and the activity of hepatic GST was higher in CH＋X group than CH or X group. In conclusion, cyclohexane and xylene mixture treated animals showed merely severer liver damage than cyclohexane or xylene treated group and such a fact may be caused by inhibition of cyclohexane or xylene metabolism and oxygen free radical.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2006

To evaluate an effect of pathological liver damage on the conjugation of cyclohexane metabolites, rats were pretreated with 50% $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) 10 or 17 times intraperitoneally at intervals of every other day. On the basis of liver function, the animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ 10 times were identified as acutely liver damaged ones and the animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ 17 times were identified as severly liver damaged ones. To these liver damaged animals, cyclohexane (a single dose of 1.56 g/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered at 48 hr after the last injection of $CCl_4$. The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 hr after injection of cyclohexane. The cyclohexane metabolites, cyclohexanol (CH-ol), cyclohexane-1,2-diol (CH-1,2-diol), cyclohexane-1,4-diol (CH-1,4-diol), and their glucuronyl conjugates and cyclohexanone were detected in the urine of cyclohexane treated rats. The urinary concentration of cyclohexane metabolites was generally more increased in liver damaged animals than normal ones, and the increasing rate was higher in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected rats than 10 times injected ones. And liver damaged.ats, especially $CCl_4$ 17 times treated ones, had an enhanced ability of glucuronyl conjugation to CH-ol analogues compared with normal group. Futhermore, CH-1,2 and 1,4-diol were all conjugated with glucuronic acid in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected animals. On the other hand, the increasing rate of activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and urine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase was higher in 17 times $CCl_4$-treated rats compared with normal and $CCl_4$ 10 times injected animals. Taken all together, it is assumed that an increased urinary excretion amount of cyclohexane metabolites in liver damaged rats might be caused by an increase in the activities of cyclohexane metabolizing enzymes. And enhanced conjugating ability of CH-ol in liver damaged animals and novel finding of conjugating form of CH-1,2 and 1,4-diol might be caused by increase in the activity of hepatic diphosphouridine glucuronyltransferase.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.157-157
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• 2003

To evaluate an effect of pathological liver damage on the cyclohexane metabolism, rats were pretreated with 50% $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1$\mell$/100g body weight) 10 or 17 times intraperitoneally at intervals of every other day. On the basis of liver function and histological findings, the animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ 10 times were identified as acutely liver damaged ones and the animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ 17 times were identified as severly liver damaged ones, with fibrosis, biliary abnormality and mild injury both in the kidneys and the lungs. To these liver damaged animals, cyclohexane (a single dose of 1.56g/kg body weight, i.p.) was administrated at 48 hours after the last injection of $CCl_4$. The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 hours after injection of cyclohexane. The cyclohexane metabolites; cyclohexanol (CH-ol), cyclohexane-1, 2-diol (CH-1, 2-diol), cyclohexane-l, 4-diol (CH-1, 4-diol), and their glucuronyl conjugates and cyclohexanone (CH-one) were detected in the urine of cyclohexane treated rats. After cyclohexane treatment, the serum levels of CH-ol and CH-one were remarkably increased at 4 hours and then decreased at 8 hours in normal group. Whereas in liver damaged rats, these cyclohexane metabolites were higher at 8 hours than at 4 hours. The excretion rate of cyclohexane metabolites from serum into urine was more decreased in liver damaged animals than normal group, with the levels of excretion rate being lower in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected animals than 10 times injected ones. However, it was interesting that the urinary concentration of cyclohexane metabolites was generally more increased in liver damaged animals than normal ones, and the increasing rate was higher in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected rats than 10 times injected ones. And liver damaged rats, especially $CCl_4$ 17 times treated ones, had an enhanced ability of glucuronyl conjugation to cyclohexanol analogues compared with normal group. Futhermore, CH-1, 2 and 1, 4-diol were all conjugated with glucuronic acid in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected animals. In conclusion, the metabolic rate of cyclohexane was unexpectably accelerated and it may be caused by physiological adaptation of adjacent intact hepatocyte in damaged liver.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

To evaluate an effect of pathological liver damage on the cyclohexane (CH) metabolism, rats were pretreated with 50% carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1ml/100g body weight) 10 or 17 times intraperitoneally at intervals of every other day. To these liver damaged animals, CH (a single dose of 1.56g/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered at 48hr after the last injection of $CCl_4$. The CH metabolites; cyclohexanol (CH-ol), cyclohexane-l,2-diol (CH-l,2-diol) and cyclohexane-l,4-diol (CH-l,4-diol) and cyclohexanone (CH-one) were detected in the urine of CH treated rats. After CH treatment, the serum levels of CH-ol and CH-one were remarkably increased at 4 hr and then decreased at 8hr in normal group. Whereas in liver damaged rats, these CH metabolites were higher at 8hr than at 4hr. The excretion rate of CH metabolites trom serum into urine was more decreased in liver damaged animals than normal group, with the levels of excretion rate being lower in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected animals than 10 times injected ones. It was interesting that the urinary concentration of CH metabolites was generally more increased in liver damaged animals than normal ones, and the increasing rate was higher in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected rats than 10 times injected ones. Taken all together, it is assumed that reduced urinary excretion rate of CH metabolites in liver damaged rats might be resulted from deteriorated hepatic and renal blood flow, and an increased urinary excretion amount of CH metabolites in liver damaged rats might be caused by reduced expiration amount of the metabolites due to lung damage.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2006

주류의 섭취가 산업화학물질의 생체 내 독성유발에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하기 위해 흰쥐를 이용하여 15%에탄올을 6주간 섭취시킨 후, cyclohexane(CH)을 2일 간격으로 4회 복강 투여하고 24시간 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. CH의 투여로 인해 정상군과 비교하여 간 무게와 헐청내 xanthine oxidase활성은 증가되었고, 간 내 glucose-6-phosphatase활성은 감소되었다. 그리고 CH 대사효소인 cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase와 alcohol dehydrogenase의 활성은 CH투여 후 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 알코올 전처치 후 CH투여군이 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 미세구조적으로도 알코올 섭취군과 CH투여군 모두에서 조면소포체로부터 활면소포체로의 전환이 일어났으며, 전 실험군 중 알코올 전처치 후 CH투여군이 가장 높은 전환율을 보였다. 이러한 결과들로 볼 때, 병변을 초래하지 않는 수준의 알코올의 섭취는 CH대사활성을 증대시키는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

주류의 섭취가 산업화학물질의 생체 내 독성유발에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검초하기 위해 흰쥐를 이용하여 15% 에탄올을 6주간 섭취시킨 후, cyclohexane (CH)을 2일 간격으로 4회 복강 투여하고 24시간 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 체중 당 폐 무게와 폐 세척액 내 단백질 함량은 에탄올 전처치군이 대조군과 비교하여 증가되었고, 폐 조직 중 glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성은 감소되었다. 형태학적 변화에서도 CH만 투여한 군과 비교하여 에탄올 6주 섭취 후 CH를 투여한 군에서 부분적인 무기폐현상과 색전현상이 심화되어 나타났다. 따라서 CH 투여 시 에탄올을 전처치함으로써 간 조직 중 CH 효소의 활성이 증가되어, 과잉의 대사부산물들이 폐에 분포됨으로 인해 폐 조직의 손상이 심화되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

To evaluate the effect of cyclohexane(CH) treatment on the liver cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase(CYPdAH) activity in alcohol-pretreated animals, CH(1.56 g/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to Sprague-Dawley male rats, which had been drunk 15％ alcohol in distilled water for 1,3 and 6 weeks. CH was injected to rats 4 times every other day and the animals were sacrificed at 24 hours after injection of CH. In the alcohol-pretreated rats, liver injuries were not demonstrated on the basis of the liver weight per body weight, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activities. By the CH treatment, alcohol-pretreated animals showed the significantly increased activity of hepatic microsomal CYPdAH. Concomitantly $V_{max}$ value in CYPdAH was more increased, whereas $K_{M}$ value more decreased in alcohol-pretreated animals by the treatment of CH. In conclusion, the increasing cause of microsomal CYPdAH in CH-treated rats pretreated with alcohol may be due to induction of enzyme protein in rat liver.r.r.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1711-1716
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• 2005

Fragmentations and ion-molecule reactions of ionized cyclohexane propionic acid and cyclohexane butyric acid were studied using FTMS and theoretical calculations. The difference in bond dissociation depending on the aliphatic chain length was investigated and mechanisms for the possible rearrangements depending on the aliphatic carbon length were suggested. The most abundant fragment ion of the ionized cyclohexane propionic acid was c-$C_6H_{11}CH_2\;^+$ formed from the molecular ion by the direct C-C bond cleavage, while that of the ionized cyclohexane butyric acid was c-$C_6H_9C(OH)=OH^+$ formed by rearrangement of the molecular ion from the acid to diol form and loss of propyl radical. Stabilities of the radical and distonic ions of $C_nH_{2n}O^{+\bullet}$ formed from the molecular ion were compared. Protonated molecules were dissociated into smaller ions by losing one or two water molecules. The $[nM + H]^+$, $[nM + H - H_2O]^+$, and $[nM + H - 2H_2O]^+$ with n = 2 and 3 were generated by solvation with the neutral molecules in the ICR cell at long ion trapping time.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2003

To evaluate the effect of cyclohexane(CH) treatment on the serum levels of glutathion S-transferase(GST) activity in liver damaged animals, damaged liver was induced with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1 m1/100g body weight) intraperitoneally 17 times every other day. To $CCl_4$-treated rats, CH (1.56 g/kg body weight, i.p) was injected once and then the animals were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of CH. The $CCl_4$-treated animals were identified as severe liver damage on the basis of liver functional findings, 1,e, increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphate(ALP) and xanthine oxidase(XO) activities. On the other hand, $CCl_4$-treated animals injected with CH once($CCl_4$-pretreated animals) showed more decreased serum levels of ALT and XO, and more increased those of ALP rather than $CCl_4$-treated animals. In case of comparing the GST with ALT activity in liver, both $CCl_4$-treated and pretreated animals showed similar changing pattern of enzyme actvity. Especially $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed significantly increased serum level of GST actvity compared with the $CCl_4$-treated those, whereas those of ALT showed reversed tendency. In aspects of GST enzyme kinetics, $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed higher Vmax of liver GST enzyme than $CCl_4$-treated animals. In conclusion, injection of CH to the liver damaged rats led to enhanced liver damage and more increased activity of serum GST which may be chiefly caused by the enzyme induction.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2011

디테트라하이드로퍼퓨릴프로판(Ditetrahydrofurfurylpropane, DTHFP, ($CH_2CH_2CH_2OCH)_2C(CH_3)_2$)과 용매인 사이클로헥산(Cyclohexane), 노말헵탄(n-Heptane), 테트라하이드로퓨란(Tetrahydrofuran), 그리고 물을 포함하는 각 이성분계의 기액상평형을 측정하였다. 기액 상평형 측정은 DTHFP의 농도가 낮은 영역에 대하여 실시하였다. NRTL 모델을 이용하여 기액 상평형을 해석하였으며 측정된 실험자료를 이용하여 NRTL 모델의 이성분계 상호작용 매개변수를 회귀분석하였다.