• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 2004

It is reported that $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride (BHSH) decreased the intracellular dopamine content by inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in PC12 cells. In this study, the inhibitory mechanisms on TH activity by BHSH in PC12 cells were investigated. BHSH treatment caused a reduction of TH activity and TH mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner. After the treatment of $20\;{\mu}M$ BHSH, TH activity and TH mRNA content were reduced at 15 min, reached the minimal levels at 6-24 h, and then recovered gradually to the control level. BHSH at $10-50\;{\mu}M$ caused a decrease in the basal intracellular cyclic AMP levels at 10 min in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BHSH at $20-100\;{\mu}M$ decreased the basal intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ immediately in a dose-dependent manner. BHSH also inhibited the 56 mM $K^+ $ depolarization-induced elevation in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and blocked caffeine-activated store-operated $Ca^{2+}$ entry in PC12 cells. These data suggest that BHSH inhibits TH activity and TH gene expression, in part, through reducing cyclic AMP content and basal $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in PC12 cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

Objectives of this study were to investigate influencing factors of detention time, particle size distribution, and filter medium characteristics for waterworks sludge dewatering. The stepped pressure filtration was carried out with lab scale apparatus and the filter press pilot test for dewatering was conducted at the water treatment plant. Effects of filter medium and polymer dose were examined through observing water content and dewatering velocity and cyclic dewatering rate with filter press pilot test. Relationships among detention time, particle size distribution and filtration resistance were analyzed. Prolongation of sludge detention time was found to cause blinding phenomenon in cake and filter medium and to decrease dewatering process efficiency. The average specific resistance increased according to detention time. In pilot test of dewatering for thickened sludge with Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% filter media, dewatering velocities were 0.92 and $0.93kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}hr$ according to 0.1% polymer dose of dried solids weight base. And cyclic dewatering rates were 2.45 and $2.50kg\;DS/m^2{\cdot}cycle$ cycle for the Nylon Multi-NY840D and Nylon Mono-100% media. Dewatering velocity of polymer dosed sludge was observed to be higher than that of non-polymer sludge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1377-1388
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• 2008

In our country where over 80% of land is mountainous, decomposed granite soils are often used as building materials for civil engineering works. Seashores are having great difficulties in management and treatment of marine byproducts that are left vulnerable. It is necessary to find a way to efficiently utilize such vulnerable marine byproducts. For this reason, shell and ocher were mixed together in order to efficiently utilize ocher that is being used frequently as a building material in civil works and shell that is a type of marine byproducts being thrown away. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which shell-ocher mixture can reduce liquefaction through cyclic triaxial test. The author of this study aims to provide the possibility for application at construction site of shell-ocher mixture.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.370-374
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• 2008

In this study, we evaluated anti-corrosion properties of both commercial unleaded and lead epoxy primer for automotive substrate before applying to actual painting lines by salt spray test, and cyclic corrosion test, potentiodynamic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The difference in the corrosion resistance between automotive epoxy primers contained $Bi(OH)_{3}$ and leaded one was investigated. And it was also discussed the effect of zinc phosphate pretreatment to the epoxy primers. The specimen coated epoxy primer contained $Bi(OH)_{3}$ showed 0.5 V higher corrosion potential than that of bare steel. The result of salt spray test did not indicate remarkable difference of corrosion resistance in all specimens above $10{\mu}m$ thickness up to 1200 hours. In the cyclic corrosion test, epoxy primers contained $Bi(OH)_{3}$ on phosphated substrate performed good corrosion properties until 800 hours. The epoxy primer contained $Bi(OH)_{3}$ performed the equivalent corrosion resistance as leaded coating on phosphated steel, but slightly inferior to that of leaded on bare steel. These results show that the pre-treatment of zinc phosphate is effective as well as pigment changing in performing anti-corrosion properties in automotive bodies.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2019

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of black tea extract (BTE) on collagen -induced platelet aggregation. In this study, BTE (10~500 ㎍/mL) was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation via thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) down-regulation by blocking cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity. Also, BTE decreased intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization ([Ca²⁺]_i). Additionally, BTE enhanced the levels of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are aggregation-inhibiting molecules. BTE inhibited the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ2 and syk activated by collagen. BTE regulated platelet aggregation via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) Ser¹⁵⁷. The anti-platelet effects of BTE in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats were evaluated. After eight weeks of BTE treatment (300 and 600 mg/kg), the platelet aggregation rate in the treated groups was significantly less than that in the HFD-fed control group. Also, BTE exhibited a hepatoprotective effect and did not exert hepatotoxicity. Therefore, these data suggest that BTE has anti-platelet effects on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of platelet-mediated thrombotic diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends in the periodic therapy of dysmenorrhea in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: We searched articles in Chinese Academic journal (CAJ). Search key words were 'dysmenorrhea' and 'periodic therapy or cyclic treatment'. Results: We selected 6 studies except unrelated studies. According to study design, study was classified into 1 single group before after study and 5 randomized controlled trials. According to dysmenorrheal type, study was classified into 4 studies on primary dysmenorrhea and 2 studies on secondary dysmenorrhea. In the selected studies, there were four studies in which the menstrual cycle was divided into 2 periods, one study divided into 3 periods, and one study divided into 4 periods. The most used herb was "Angelicae Gigantis Radix", "Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus". All studies showed effective results on dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: In TCM, Research on periodic therapy of dysmenorrhea was being conducted more actively than Korean medicine. The periodic therapy seems to be effective on dysmenorrhea from this research. It would be necessary to fulfill further clinical study with periodic therapy on dysmenorrhea in Korean medicine to establish standard evidence of them.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of piezoelectric properties with compressive cy-clic loading, the change in bending strength before and after poling treatment and fracture strength in MPB depending on the amount of MnO2 addition. The MPB with 0.25 wt.% MnO2 showed the best resistance against the piezoelectric degradation with compressive cyclic loading. Bending strength increased when pol-ing and loading directions are parallel, however decreased when poling and loading directions are per-pendicular each other. Because, during poling treatment, compressive residual stress is generated in the pol-ing direction but tensile residual stress in the perpendicular direction to poling direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2006

Fretting is a kind of surface degradation mechanism observed in mechanical components and structures. The fretting damage decreases into 50-70% of the plain fatigue strength. The connecting rod for automobile has been used in special environments and various loading conditions. Failure of connecting rod in automotive engine may cause catastrophic situation. In this study, we investigated the fatigue characteristic of connecting rod material for an automobile. Fatigue life is defined as the number of cyclic stress to failure by regular cyclic stress. Fatigue life of C70S6 specimen was obtained from 134,000 to 147,000 cycles. Fatigue limit showed 432MPa by normal fatigue test. The other hands, it was 96MPa in the case of fretting fatigue test. It was extremely lower than that of a normal fatigue test. From observation of fracture surface, it was confirmed that the fatigue crack was initiated at the boundary of a specimen and bridge pad.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

The LCF (low cycle fatigue) behavior and the serration phenomena in the plastically deformed and non-deformed 5052 Al alloy were investigated. The plastic deformation was performed by 1 pass or 4 passes in ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) followed by annealing. Only cyclic hardening continued from the beginning until fracture at all strain amplitudes during LCF in the non-deformed alloy, which was caused by the increase in dislocation density during fatigue. Slight cyclic hardening followed by plateau until fracture was observed during LCF in the ECAPed alloy, which was caused by the slight increase in dislocation density in the beginning and then keeping constant in dislocation density afterward until fracture by forming subgrains in this stage of fatigue. The serrations on the stress-strain curves of this alloy were observed, which indicate that the dynamic strain aging (DSA) is occurring during plastic deformation. The variation in amplitudes of serration was studied by changing the strain rate in tensile or fatigue tests.