• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.700-705
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• 2007

In this study, we observe the application of shape memory alloy(SMA) into smart structures for repeatable actuation, because SMA changes its material properties and characteristics progressively under cyclic loading conditions and finally reaches stable path(state) after a certain number of stress/temperature loading-unloading cycles, so called 'training'. In this paper, SMA wires that have been in a stable state through the training are used. Stress-strain curve of the SMA wire at different temperature levels are measured. In addition, we observe other important effects such as the rate effect according to strain rates for rapid actuation response. The current work presents the experimental test using SMA wire after training completion by mechanical cycling. Through these tests, we measure the characteristics of SMA. With the estimated SMA properties and effects, we compare the experimental results with the simulation results based on the SMA constitutive equations.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2007

In this study, we observe the application of shape memory alloy(SMA) into smart structures for repeatable actuation, because SMA changes its material properties and characteristics progressively under cyclic loading conditions and finally reaches stable path(state) after a certain number of stress/temperature loading-unloading cycles, so called 'training'. In this paper, SMA wires that have been in a stable state through the training are used. Stress-strain curve of the SMA wire at different temperature levels are measured. In addition, we observe other important effects such as the rate effect according to strain rates for rapid actuation response. The current work presents the experimental test using SMA wire after training completion by mechanical cycling. Through these tests, we measure the characteristics of SMA. With the estimated SMA properties and effects, we compare the experimental results with the simulation results based on the SMA constitutive equations.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2020

Connections play a significant role in strength of structures against earthquake-induced loads. According to the post-seismic reports, connection failure is a cause of overall failure in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Connection failure results in a sudden increase in inter-story drift, followed by early and progressive failure across the entire structure. This article investigated the cyclic performance and behavioral improvement of shape-memory alloy-based connections (SMA-based connections). The novelty of the present work is focused on the effect of shape memory alloy bars is damage reduction, strain recoverability, and cracking distribution of the stated material in RC moment frames under seismic loads using 3D nonlinear static analyses. The present numerical study was verified using two experimental connections. Then, the performance of connections was studied using 14 models with different reinforcement details on a scale of 3:4. The response parameters under study included moment-rotation, secant stiffness, energy dissipation, strain of bar, and moment-curvature of the connection. The connections were simulated using LS-DYNA environment. The models with longitudinal SMA-based bars, as the main bars, could eliminate residual plastic rotations and thus reduce the demand for post-earthquake structural repairs. The flag-shaped stress-strain curve of SMA-based materials resulted in a very slight residual drift in such connections.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.777-792
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• 2019

This paper presents a new efficient approach to estimate the S-N type fatigue life assessment curve for S550 high strength steels under low-cycle actions at -60℃. The proposed approach combines a single set of monotonic tension test and one set of fatigue tests to determine the key material damage parameters in the continuum damage mechanics framework. The experimental program in this study examines both the material response under low-cycle actions. The microstructural mechanisms revealed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at the low temperature, furthermore, characterizes the effect due to different strain ratios and low temperature on the low-cycle fatigue life of S550 steels. Anchored on the experimental results, this study validates the S-N curve determined from the proposed approach. The S-N type curve determined from one set of fatigue tests and one set of monotonic tension tests estimates the fatigue life of all specimens under different strain ratios satisfactorily.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1993

Low cycle fatigue characteristics of cast aluminum alloy A356 with a yield strength and ultimate strength of 229 and 283 MPa respectively was evaluated using smooth axial specimen under strain controlled condition. Reversals to failure ranged from 16 to 107. The cast aluminum alloy exhibited cyclically strain-gardening behavior. The results of low cycle fatigue tests indicated that the conventional low cycle fatigue tests indicated that the conventional low cycle fatigue life model was not a satisfactory representation of the data. This occurred because the elastic strain-life curve was not-log-log linear and this phenomena caused a nonconservative and unsafe fatigue life prediction at both extremes of long and short lives. A linear log-log total strain-life model and a bilinear log-log elastic strain-life model were proposed in order to improve the representation of data compared to the conventional low cycle fatigue life model. Both proposed fatigue life models were statistically analyzed using F tests and successfully satisfied. However, the low cycle fatigue life model generated by the bilinear log-log elastic strain-life equation yielded a discontinuous curve with nonconservatism in the region of discontinuity. Among the models examined, the linear log-log total strain-life model provided the best representation of the low cycle fatigue data. Low cycle fatigue life prediction method based on the local strain approach could conveniently incorporated both proposed fatigue life models.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2018

The specimens made by Z2CND18.12N austenitic stainless steel were conducted on a 100 kN closed loop servo hydraulic tension-compression testing machine with a digital controller. Uniaxial tension and uniaxial ratcheting effect tests were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover, Uniaxial tension tests were conducted at $150^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$. Based on these experimental data, the prediction models of stress-strain curve and the relationship of ratcheting strain and number of cycles were established by the algorithm principle of BP neural network. The results indicated that the predicted results of neural network model were in well agreement with experimental data. It was found that the BP neural network model had high validity and accuracy.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.345-352
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• 2000

It is very important to evaluate the reliable nonlinear modulus characteristics of soils not only in the analysis of geotechnical structures under working stress conditions but also for the soil dynamic problems. For the evaluation of modulus characteristics of soils, various tests have been mostly employed in laboratory. However, different testing techniques are likely to have different ranges of reliable strain measurements, different applied stress level, and different loading frequencies, and the modulus of soils can be affected by these variables. For reliable evaluation, therefore, those effects on the modulus need to be considered, and measured values should be effectively adjusted to actual conditions where the soil is working. In this paper, to evaluate the modulus characteristics of soils, laboratory testing such as free-free resonant column (FF-RC), resonant column (RC), torsional shear (TS), static TX, and cyclic M/sub R/ tests were performed. The effects of strain amplitude, loading frequency, loading cycles, confining pressure, density, and water content on modulus were investigated. It is shown that the FF-RC test, which is simple and inexpensive testing technique, can provide a reliable estimation of small strain Young's modulus (E/sub max/), and the modulus evaluated by various laboratory tests are comparable to each other fairly well when the effects of these factors are properly taken into account.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.112-114
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• 2005

Direct nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out using nonlinear kinematic hardening model which was calibrated based on the experimentally determined material properties to obtain notch stress-strain state under cyclic load. By comparing numerical results and experimental data, conclusion was made on how well analysis results match physical phenomenon. Also, suggestion was made on what material curve should be used in conjunction with traditional Neuber/Glinka's rule to take into account the effect of material heterogeneity in its application to welded joint.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2014

최근의 건축 구조물이 고층화, 대형화됨에 따라 초고강도 콘크리트의 적용 및 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세이나, 화재에 대한 취약성을 가지고 있는 초고강도 콘크리트의 열적 특성에 대한 검토는 아직 충분하지 않으며 이에 대한 성능 검토 또한 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 이 논문에서는 초고강도 콘크리트의 고온 재료 모델 개발에 대한 기초적 자료를 제공하기 위하여 상온에서 $800^{\circ}C$까지의 고온 가열을 받은 100 MPa급 초고강도 콘크리트를 대상으로 가열온도의 변화에 따른 잔존압축강도, 탄성계수 및 응력-변형 성상, 반복하중 시의 응력-변형 성상 등 역학적 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 또한, TG/DTA분석과 SEM 촬영으로 콘크리트의 화학 물리적 특성을 확인하고 국내 외의 기존 연구와 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과, 가열온도 $300^{\circ}C$에서 잔존압축강도 및 탄성계수의 급격한 저하를 확인하였으며, 반복하중 하에서는 가열온도 $400^{\circ}C$부터 소성거동이 발생하는 것과 함께 단일하중과 거의 동일한 경향을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. TG/DTA 분석 및 SEM 촬영을 실시한 결과와 기존 연구를 비교 검토한 결과, 콘크리트 내부 조직의 열화와 수분 증발 및 화학반응 등으로 인하여 잔존압축강도 및 탄성계수의 저하가 일어났음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2004

국내 액상화 상세평가에 관한 시방내용을 살펴보면, 지진을 정현하중으로 고려한 등가전단응력개념에 기초하여 전단응력을 달리한 3회 이상의 액상화 발생 실내진동시험을 수행하고 이를 토대로 액상화 저항응력비 곡선을 도시하여 지진규모별로 적용할 것을 명시하고 있다. 즉, 현행 액상화 상세평가에서는 실내진동시험결과인 응력, 변형률, 과잉간극수압, 유효응력, 응력 경괴의 변화 등의 다양한 결과들을 효과적으로 이용하지 못하고 최대전단응력과 액상화 발생시 진동재하횟수라는 단순한 시험결과만을 이용하여 액상화 평가를 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 현행 액상화 상세평가에서의 단순한 시험결과의 이용을 탈피하여 응력, 변형률, 그리고, 과잉간극수압 시간이력들과 응력-변형률 상관관계 및 유효응력경로 등의 다양한 실내진동시험 결과를 토대로 액상화 발생메카니즘을 포함한 지반의 동적저항상태를 분석하였다. 특히, 과잉간극수압의 영향을 고려한 동적 유효응력경로가 지반의 동적거동을 효과적으로 구분하여 나타낼 수 있는 점을 발견하고 이를 토대로 지반의 동적상태를 점진적 응력감소, 급진적 응력감소, 그리고 액상화 후 극한상태의 3단계로 구분하였다. 또한, 액상화 현상이 실제적으로 점진적 응력감소에서 급진적 응력감소로 전환되는 시점에서 대변형을 동반하여 발생한다는 사실을 발견하고 이를 액상화 상태전환시점으로 정의하였으며 이러한 액상화상태전환시점이 압축제하 또는 인장재제하로 하중방향이 바뀌는 시점에서 발생하는 점을 반영하여 1/4주기별 시험결과분석에 기초하여 저항특성을 나타내었다. 그리고, 본 연구를 통해 제안된 액상화 저항특성에 대한 타당성 검토를 위해 과잉간극수압으로 인해 발생하는 지반재료 내부에서 소산되는 에너지 개념과 기제안된 교란상태개념에 기초한 액상화 저항특성과 비교하였다. 연구결과, 제안된 누적 소성 전단변형률은 액상화 발생의 원인이 되는 과잉간 극수압의 영향을 합리적으로 표현하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 진동하중으로부터 소산되는 재료 내부의 에너지 변화를 신뢰성 높게 표현하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 제안된 지반의 한계 저항특성의 경우, 기제안된 교란도 함$.$수에 기초한 수치해석방법보다 정확하게 대변형의 영향을 포함하지 않고 한계상태를 표현하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.