• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1639-1653
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• 2018

Bolted connections are suitable due to high quality prefabrication in the factory and erection in the workplace. Prefabrication and modularization cause high speed of erection and fabrication, high quality and quick return of investment. Their technical hitches transportation can be removed by prefabrication of joints and small fabrication of components. Box-columns are suitable members for bolted structures such as welded steel structures with moment frames in two directions etc., but their continual fabrication in multi-story buildings and performing the internal continuity plate in them will cause some practical dilemmas. The details of the proposal technique introduced here, is to remove such problems from the box columns. Besides, some other advantages include new prefabricated bolted beam-to-column connections referred to BBCC. This connection is a set of plates joined to columns, beams, support, and bolts. For a better understanding of its fabrication and erection techniques, two connection and one structural maquettes are made. The present work aims to study the cyclic behavior of connection numerically. To verify the accuracy of model, a similar tested connection was modelled. Its verification was then made through comparison with test results. The behavior of connection was evaluated for an exterior connection using three different support shapes. The effects of support shapes on rigidity, ductility, rotation capacity, maximum strength, four rad rotation strength were compared to those of the AISC seismic provision requirements. It was found that single beams support has all the AISC seismic provision requirements for special moment frames with and without a continuity plate, and box with continuity plate is the best support in the BBCC connection.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2021

During the pipe forming process, a steel plate undergoes inelastic behavior multiple times under a load condition repeating tension and compression in the circumferential direction. It derives local reduction or increase of yield strength within the thickness of steel pipes by the plastic hardening and Bauschinger effect. In this study, a combined hardening model is proposed to effectively predict variations of yield strength in the circumferential direction of API-X65 and X70 steel pipes with relatively low t/D ratio during the forming process, which is expected to experience accumulated plastic strain of 2~3%, the typical Lüder band range in a low-carbon steel. Cyclic tensile tests of API-X65 and X70 steels were performed, and the parameters of the proposed model for the steels were calibrated using the test results. Bending-flattening tests to simulate repeated tension and compression during pipe forming were followed for API-X65 and X70 steels, and the results were compared with those by the proposed model and Zou et al. (2016), in order to verify the process of material model calibration based on tension-compression cyclic test, and the accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, parametric analysis for the yield strength of the steel plate in the circumferential direction of UOE pipe was conducted to investigate the effects of t/D and expansion ratios after O-forming on the yield strength. The results confirmed that the model by Zou et al. (2016) underestimated the yield strength of steel pipe with relatively low t/D ratio, and the parametric analysis showed that the t/D and expansion ratio have a significant impact on the strength of steel pipe.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

From the development of residential flat plate system, continuously bended shear reinforcement is developed for the prevention of punching shear. To know the punching shear capacity of developed shear reinforcement in slab-column joint, structural test is performed. The testing parameters are shear reinforcement types, such as no reinforcement, bended shear reinforcement, and head stud reinforcement. To verify the lateral capacity, cyclic load is applied under the constant vertical load condition. The results of tests are compared to as global displacement, slab-column joint strength. From the test results, the resisting capacity of developed shear reinforcement system has a good performance in the story drift ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

In this study, new moment-resisting precast concrete beam-column joint made up of hybrid steel concrete was developed and tested. This beam-column joint is proposed for use in moderate seismic regions. It has square hollow tubular section in concrete column and connecting plate in precast U-beam. The steel elements in column and beam members were connected using bolt. Furthermore, in order to prevent the premature failure of concrete in hybrid steel-concrete connection, ECC(engineered cementitious composite) was used. An experimental study was carried out investigating the joint behavior subjected to reversed cyclic loading and constant axial compressive load. Two precast beam-column joint specimens and monolithic reinforced concrete joint specimen were tested. The variables for interior joints were cast-in-situ concrete area and transverse reinforcement within the joint. Tests were carried out under displacement controlled reverse cyclic load with a constant axial load. Joint performance is evaluated on the basis of connection strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, and displacement capacity. The test results showed that significant differences in structural behavior between the two types of connection because of different bonding characteristics between steel and concrete; steel and ECC. The proposed joint detail can induce to move the plastic hinge out of the ECC and steel plate. And proposed precast connection showed better performance than the monolithic connection by providing sufficient moment-resisting behavior suitable for applications in moderate seismic regions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.793-808
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• 2018

In this study, the seismic performance of the connections between L-shaped columns composed of concrete-filled steel tubes (L-CFST columns) and H-beams used in high-rise steel frame structures was investigated. Seven full-scale specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The variables studied in the tests included the joint type, the axial compression ratio, the presence of concrete, the width-to-thickness ratio and the internal extension length of the side plates. The hysteretic response, strength degradation, stiffness degradation, ductility, plastic rotation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and the strain distribution were evaluated at different load cycles. The test results indicated that both the corner and exterior joint specimens failed due to local buckling and crack within the beam flange adjacent to the end of the side plates. However, the failure modes of the interior joint specimens primarily included local buckling and crack at the end plates and curved corners of the beam flange. A design method was proposed for the flexural capacity of the end plate connection in the interior joint. Good agreement was observed between the theoretical and test results of both the yield and ultimate flexural capacity of the end plate connection.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

Five strengthened columns and an unstrengthened column were tested under constant axial load and cyclic lateral loads to examine the seismic performance of the unbounded strengthening procedure using wire ropes and T-plates. Main variables considered were the presence of mortar cover for strengthening steel element and anchorage method of T-plate. Test results clearly showed that T-plates having a proper anchorage contribute to transfer of applied moment as well as enhancement of ductility of reinforced concrete columns. However, T-plate not anchored fully into a column base can seldom transfer the externally applied moment, though it highly improves the ductility of column. The presence of mortar cover for strengthening steel elements is significantly effective in enhancing the initial stiffness and flexural capacity of the strengthened columns, but has an adversely effect on enhancing the ductility. The ultimate moment strength predicted from the extended section laminae method in better agreement with test results compared with predictions obtained using stress black specified in ACI 318-05.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.567-572
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• 2003

An experimental work is presented to evaluate the retrofit method for improving the flexural capacity of shear walls. Fives shear wall specimens are designed and retrofitted by using carbon fiber materials such as rod, sheet and plate. Cyclic horizontal loads are applied to the specimens under constant axial load, $0.1f_{ck}A_g$. Test result shows that specimens with additional flexural reinforcement have the increased initial stiffness and deformation capacity. However, the strength is not improved as much as expected. This is because that the flexural reinforcement is pulled out from the foundation at the latter half of cycles. In order to maximize the flexural retrofit, therefore, it is required to study the anchorage behavior of the flexural reinforcement for retrofit.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2008

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete columns externally strengthened with wire rope and T-shape steel plate units. Three strengened columns and a control unstrengthened column were tested under cyclic lateral load simultaneously subjected to a constant axial load. All columns had same section size, and the arrangement of longitudinal reinforcement and internal hoop. The spacing of wire rope range from 40 ${\sim}$ 80mm, which corresponds from 1.0 ${\sim}$ 0.5, respectively, times the minium amount of hoop specified in seismic design of ACI 318-05. Test results showed that the proposed unbonded-type strengthening procedure is very effective for improving the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete columns.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

The analysis of long-term performance of pavement sections under wheel loads is normally conducted in two separated steps. First the resilient behavior of the pavement is calculated assuming the pavement is a layered or discrete elastic medium, and then the permanent deformation is evaluated based on empirical permanent displacement equations. Material properties required in both steps can be obtained from cyclic triaxial tests, in other words, resilient and permanent deformation tests. While this analytical approach is simple and convenient, it does not consider the modulus degradation caused by cyclic loads, and some types of reinforcements such as geosynthetic cannot be modeled in this type of analysis. A model for degraded secant modulus is proposed and suggested to be used for the analysis of permanent behavior of unpaved roadway sections. The parameter for suggested model can be obtained from cyclic triaxial tests, regular practice in pavement engineering. Examples to estimate the model parameters are presented based on both laboratory permanent deformation test and large-scale plate load test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.4 s.47
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• pp.351-362
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• 2000

This paper is to study on the behavior of CFT column to H-beam end plate connections with penetrated high-strength bolts under cyclic load. The main parameters are as follows: 1) the thickness of end plate: 16mm, 22mm and 25mm, 2) the thickness of column : 9mm and 12mm. Comparison and analysis on the test results are performed in accordance with parameters. This study investigates energy absorption capacity of beam-column connections and analyzes the shear strength of joint panel. The shear strength of joint panel is estimated by superimposing the strength of the steel which is based on the von Mises yield criterion and that of the concrete which is used the Strut model to consider the effect of filled concrete.