• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.840-845
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• 2014

Vibration profiles consist of two kinds of pattern, random and harmonic, at general engineering problems and the detailed vibration test mode of a target system is decided by the spectral condition that is exposed under operation. In moving mobility, random responses come generally from road source; whereas the harmonic responses are triggered from rotating machinery parts, such as combustion engine or drive shaft. Different spectral input may accumulate different damage in frequency domain since the accumulated fatigue damage dependent on the pattern of input spectrum in high cyclic loading condition. To evaluate the sensitivity of spectral damage according to different loading conditions, a linear elastic system is introduced to conduct a uniaxial vibration testing. Measured data, acceleration and strain, is analyzed using energy isocline function and then, the calculated fatigue damage is compared by different loading cases, random and harmonic.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2019

The specially prefabricated steel moment connections with pyramid head is one of the significant innovations in the steel structures forms to improve the installation time and simplify the construction procedure. The beams in this structure form are supported by two top and bottom angles and web double angles. Such a configuration despite its advantages increases the welding operation and filed installation time and costs. In this paper, the effect of using beams with channel and I section in three classes of seismically compact, seismically non-compact, and slender section according to width-to-thickness ratio on the behavior of the connection was investigated under monotonic and cyclic loading. Modeling was performed by ABAQUS and verified by the results of an experimental specimen. The findings indicated that using I and channel section instead of angle section reduces the amount of welding materials as well as easing the installation procedure. However, it has no significant effect on the ultimate strength and ductility of the connection. Furthermore, if the beam section is seismically compact, this form is considered as a special moment frame that has a rotation capacity up to 0.04 radians without any reduction in connection moment resistance.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

The Finite Element (FE) modeling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) under seismic loading has a sensitive impact in terms of getting good contribution compared to experimental results. Several idealized model types for simulating the nonlinear response have been developed based on the plasticity distribution alone the model. The Continuum Models are the most used category of modeling, to understand the seismic behavior of structural elements in terms of their components, cracking patterns, hysteretic response, and failure mechanisms. However, the material modeling, contact and nonlinear analysis strategy are highly complex due to the joint operation of concrete and steel. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a chosen RC column under monotonic and cyclic loading using the FE Abaqus, to assessthe hysteretic response and failure mechanisms in the RC columns, where the perfect bonding option is used for the contact between concrete and steel. While results of the numerical study under cyclic loading compared to experimental tests might be unsuccessful due to the lack of bond-slip modeling. The monotonic loading shows a good estimation of the envelope response and deformation components. In addition, this work further demonstrates the advantage and efficiency of the damage distributions since the obtained damage distributions fit the expected results.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

The utilization methods of algae biomass have been studied constantly in whole world. These are $\circled1$the wastewater treatment if waste stabilization pond and oxidation ditch etc. and $\circled2$the biosorption of heavy metals and recovery of strategic' precious metals and $\circled3$the single-celled protein production and the production of chemicals like coloring agent and $\circled4$the production of electric energy through methane gasification. The culture system also has been developed constantly in relation with such utilization method developments. In the result of experimental operation under continuous and cyclic irradiation of light, using high rate algae biomass culture pond(HRABCP), which had been made so as to be an association system with the various items which had been managed to have high efficiency for algae culture, the algae production of the 12 hours-irradiance pond was 41.48 Chlorophyll-a ${\mu}g/L$ only in spite of having the more chance of $CO_2$ synthesis to algae cell than the 24 hours-irradiance pond. This means that the energy supply required for dark-reaction of photosynthesis is very important like this. The difference of algae production between continuous and cyclc irradiation explains that the dark-reaction of photosynthesis acts on algae production as the biggest primary factor. The continuous irradiance on HRABCP made the good algae-production($1403.97{\;}{\mu}g$ Chlorophyll-a/mg) and the good oxygen-production(5.8 mg $O_2/L$) and the good solid-liquid seperation. especially, DO concentration through the oxygen-production was enough to fishes' survival.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2015

In superconducting coil applications particularly in wet wound coils, coated conductor (CC) tapes are subjected to different type of stresses. These include hoop stress acting along the length of the CC tape and the Lorentz force acting perpendicular to the CC tape's surface. Since the latter is commonly associated with delamination problem of multi-layered CC tapes, more understanding and attention on the delamination phenomena induced in the case of coil applications are needed. Difference on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of each constituent layer of the CC tape, the bobbin, and the impregnating materials is the main causes of delamination in CC tapes when subjected to thermal cycling. The CC tape might also experience cyclic loading due to the energizing scheme (on - off) during operation. In the design of degradation-free superconducting coils, therefore, characterization of the delamination behaviors including mechanism and strength in REBCO CC tapes becomes critical. In this study, transverse tensile tests were conducted under different loading conditions using different size of upper anvils on the GdBCO CC tapes. The mechanical and electromechanical delamination strength behaviors of the CC tapes under transverse tensile loading were examined and a two-parameter Weibull distribution analysis was conducted in statistical aspects. As a result, the CC tape showed similar range of mechanical delamination strength regardless of cross-head speed adopted. On the other hand, cyclic loading might have affected the CC tape in both upper anvil sizes adopted.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.2367-2372
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• 2015

탁월한 에러 정정 능력으로 인해 최근 통신 표준에서 많이 채택되고 있는 low-density parity-check(LDPC) 코드중, quasi-cyclic LDPC(QC-LDPC) 코드는 복호기 복잡도가 비교적 낮아서 많이 사용되고 있다. QC-LDPC 코드의 복호기 설계에 있어서 중요한 블록 중 하나가 여러 가지 크기의 rotation을 수행할 수 있는 multi-size circular shifter(MSCS)이다. MSCS의 여러 구현 방법 중 많이 사용되는 Benes 네트워크는 일반적인 MSCS 동작에는 효율적이나 rotation 크기 등의 특징을 이용할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 이 논문에서는 Benes 네트워크의 제어 신호 생성을 수정하여서 rotation 크기 특징을 이용할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 제어 신호 생성법을 IEEE 802.16e WiMAX 표준의 QC-LDPC 코드 복호기에 적용하여, MUX의 개수를 줄이고 지연 시간을 단축하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2008

자동차용 유압브레이크 고무호스 어셈블리 제품은 자동차에 장착되어 실제로 사용 중에 가압, 굽힘, 비틀림, 열하중 등의 복합적인 스트레스를 받는다. 고무호스의 재질은 EPDM(ethylene-propylene diene monomer)고무와 PVA(polyvinyl acetate)섬유 보강층 그리고 중간고무로 NR(natural rubber)고무가 사용되고 있다. 고무호스 어셈블리 제품의 내구성과 파괴 메커니즘을 조사하기 위해 굽힘과 비틀림의 반복하중 사이클 수가 10만, 20만, 30만, 40만, 최종파열 사이클 수까지 되도록 시험하였다. 유압브레이크 고무호스의 초기크랙 발생을 알아보기 위해 제품 시험편을 다이아몬드 휠커터를 이용하여 수직 절단하여 폴리싱한 후 광학현미경과 주사형 전자현미경(SEM)으로 단면을 관찰하였다. 40만 사이클의 피로하중을 받은 시험편을 보면 외면고무와 PVA섬유 사이의 계면을 따라 길이 1mm의 층간분리가 일어났으며, 이러한 손상은 외면고무의 표피층으로 균열을 진전시켜 고무호스를 최종적으로 찢어지게 하는 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.80-99
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• 2023

This paper presents the results of investigating the change in welding residual stresses of the core shroud, which is one of subcomponents in reactor vessel internals, performing finite element analysis. First, the welding residual stresses of the core shroud were calculated by applying the heat conduction based lumped pass technique and finite element elastic-plastic stress analysis. Second, the temperature distribution of the core shroud during the normal operation was calculated by performing finite element temperature analysis considering gamma heating. Third, through the finite element viscoelastic-plastic stress analysis using the calculated temperature distribution and setting the calculated residual stresses as the initial stress state, the variation of the welding residual stresses was derived according to repeating the normal operation. In the viscoelastic-plastic stress analysis, the effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical properties during the cyclic normal operations were considered by using the previously developed user subroutines for the irradiation agings such as irradiation hardening/embrittlement, irradiation-induced creep, and void swelling. Finally, the effect of neutron irradiation on the welding residual stresses was analysed for each irradiation aging. As a result, it is found that as the normal operation is repeated, the welding residual stresses decrease and show insignificant magnitudes after the 10^th refueling cycle. In addition, the irradiation-induced creep/void swelling has significant mitigation effect on the residual stresses whereas the irradiation hardening/embrittlement has no effect on those.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2017

런너, 흡출관 등 양수발전소 수차 부속기기들에 캐비테이션 침식과 피로 균열 등의 손상 발생과 관련하여 많은 정비 사례들이 보고되고 있다. 양수발전소는 급전, 전력계통 안정 등과 같은 부수적 서비스를 제공한다. 이러한 부수적 서비스는 가이드 베인을 작게 열고 운전하는 저개도율 운전을 반복적으로 자주 수행하게 한다. 이러한 저개도율 운전은 수차 부속기기의 손상을 가속시키는 것으로 경험적으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 양수발전소의 가이드 베인 저개도율 운전이 수차의 캐비테이션과 피로를 가속시키는 효과를 유한요소 유동/응력 해석 및 피로 해석을 통해 정량적으로 평가한다. 평가 결과, 가이드 베인 개도율이 작을수록 캐비테이션 발생 가능성과 수차 효율 저하 가능성이 증가하며, 런너 블레이드 루트부에 최대 응력값을 증가시킴에도 불구하고 저개도율 운전이 피로수명에 미치는 영향은 미미함을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2011

유기규소화합물인 siloxane은 물리화학적으로 우수한 특성으로 인하여 화장품이나 세제 등과 같이 우리 생활에서 다양한 제품 형태로 사용된다. 이러한 제품의 사용 후 매립되어 분해되는 과정에서 매립가스에 포함된 siloxane은 매립가스 자원화 시설의 운영 시 악영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 국내 여러 매립지 특성에 따른 매립가스 내 실록산 발생특성을 파악하기 위하여 매립연령과 매립폐기물에 따른 siloxane 발생특성을 실록산의 농도, 구조 및 성분별로 고찰하였다. 시간에 따른 실록산 발생특성은 매립종료 전 후와 각 매립지의 매립연령별로 12개 매립지를 대상으로 검토하였으며, 매립폐기물에 의한 siloxane의 발생특성 변화는 6개 매립지를 대상으로 매립폐기물의 발생원 및 물리적 조성의 비율과 siloxane 농도를 비교하였다. 매립가스 내 total-siloxane의 농도는 평균 $6.75mg/m^3$ 이었으며, cyclic-siloxane이 이 중 93% 이상을 차지한 것으로 나타났다. 성분별 실록산은 매립연령과 관계없이 D4 및 D5가 순서대로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 본 연구에서 매립폐기물의 종류(조성)가 실록산 발생에 미치는 영향은 확인할 수 없었으나, total-siloxane 및 cyclic-siloxane의 농도는 매립가스 일차분해모델과 같이 매립연령이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.