• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.385-389
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• 2003

There are four main components of the CMP process: polishing pad, slurry, elastic supporter, and pad conditioner. The polishing pad is an essential component to the reproducibility of polishing uniformity in CMP process. However, the polishing pad in recently using metal CMP raised the several points of high cost caused by the increase of cycle time and the many usage of slurry. It is necessary to develop the novel polishing pad which would lead the cost reduction by the higher pad life-cycle, minimized cycle time and lower slurry usage. The characteristics of polishing pad were studied on the effects of different sets of the Polishing pad, which can be applied to metal chemical mechanical polishing process for global planarization of multilevel interconnection structure. The main purpose of this experiment is cost reduction by the increase of pad life-time, the decrease of cycle time and the lower usage of slurry through the specific hard porous structured pad design. It is confirmed that the novel polishing pad made the slurry usage decrease to 60% as well as the pad life-time increase twice with the 25% improvement of removal rate. The polishing time could be decreased and it also helped the cycle time to diminish. It can be expected that this results will help both the process throughput and the device yield to be improved.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.536-543
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• 2005

This study analyzes the design performance of a combined system of a recuperated cycle micro gas turbine (MGT) and a bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC) adopting refrigerant (R123) as a working fluid. In contrast to the steam bottoming Rankine cycle, the ORC optimizes the combined system efficiency at a higher evaporating pressure. The ORC recovers much greater MGT exhaust heat than the steam Rankine cycle (much lower stack temperature), resulting in a greater bottoming cycle power and thus a higher combined system efficiency. The optimum MGT pressure ratio of the combined system is very close to the optimum pressure ratio of the MGT itself. The ORC's power amounts to about $25\%$ of MGT power. For the MGT turbine inlet temperature of $950^{\circ}C$ or higher, the combined system efficiency, based on shaft power, can be higher than $45\%$.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to figure out the characteristics of corporate life cycle and resource input in terms of the sustainability diagnosis of pharmaceutical companies in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology: Using the Gompertz model under the assumption that companies have finite resources, this study tries quantitative interpretation of life cycle and resource input pattern for longevity companies with 25 years of experience among 158 pharmaceutical companies listed on Korean stock market based on maturity of revenue. Results: The study found revenue maturity through Gompertz model was statistically correlated with enterprise value. According to the life cycle analysis, more than 95% of 59 pharmaceutical companies were in the growth and maturity phase and have an average life cycle of 88 years and an average remaining life of 52 years. Regarding maturity profile of resource input, maturity of employees was generally high more than 60% and this meant there was jobless growth in Korean pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion: This study demonstrated there is a high statistical correlation between the maturity of a company's resource input and its revenue and enterprise value. It is believed that these results could be utilized as a basis for high fidelity function that predict revenue and enterprise value based on resource input information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.198-205
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• 2016

For the study on the ion exchange of nickel hexacyanoferrate(NiHCNFe) electrode with the several cations, the film of hexacyanoferrate was prepared on the bare nickel surface by the electrochemical and chemical methods in the solution composed with 5mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 100mM KNO3. To compare the capability of the ion exchange of NiHCNFe film electrode, the repeated cyclic voltammograms were measured in the 0.5M cation nitrate solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ and pH7. It was found that the capacity of the electrochemically derivatized NiHCNFe reduced in the rate of 0.5~0.7%/cycle and was nearly exhausted at the 150th potential cycle. Better result was obtained from that the capacity loss of the chemically assembled NiHCNFe was less than 0.02%/cycle for 5,000cycles. Furthermore, the residual capacity was more than 30% at the 5,000th cycle.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1990 no.11
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• pp.25-28
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• 1990

We tested the ability of two-dimensional echocardiograms of complete heart cycle in closed-chest human to discriminate between normal and infarcted myocardium using fixed window, Inter- and Intra-frame analysis. The results show that statistical parameter, MEAN, second order gray level statistics parameter, ASM and proposed parameter, HGE, I.T, can quantitatively distinguish between normal and Infarcted regions. The manner in which these parameters vary over the cardiac cycle is also a good indicator of the state of myocardium. The infarcted areas yield regions of higher Intensity throughout the cardiac cycle. Whereas, normal tissue demonstrates greater variability throughout the cardiac cycle.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

This study focused on the development and application of learning cycle model for promoting children's creativity and problem solving ability. The learning cycle approach consists of four phases : awareness, exploration, investigation, and concept application. The program consists of 20 scientific activities. A total of 70 children participated the 10 week program to examine the effectiveness of this model. The experimental design included a pretest, treatment, and posttest. Results showed that the experimental group children scored significantly higher on the creativity and problem solving tests in the posttest than the control group children.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2487-2490
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• 2013

In Thai traditional medicine, Plumbago indica or Jetamul-Pleung-Dang in Thai is known to have health benefit especially for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the mechanisms of its action are still uncertain. One of which might be genotoxic effects. In the present study, we investigated the genotoxicity of an ethanolic extract of Plumbago indica root (EEPIR) by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in human lymphocytes. Results have shown that all treatments with EEPIR ($12.5-100{\mu}g/ml$) could induce cell cycle delay as shown by significant increase in the number of metaphase cells in the first cell cycle but neither in the second nor the third cell cycle. Only at concentrations of 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ were SCE levels significantly increased above that of the control (p<0.05). EEPIR at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$ induced cell death as few mitotic cells were shown. Accordingly, EEPIR ($25-100{\mu}g/ml$) is genotoxic in human lymphocytes and cytotoxic at concentrations of ${\geq}500{\mu}g/ml$ in vitro. Therefore, these activities of the EEPIR could serve its potential therapeutic effects, especially as an anticancer agent. Further study of EEPIR in vivo is now needed to support this in vitro evidence.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.25-46
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• 2022

In this study, the appraisal in record continuum theory is analyzed in conjunction with the appraisal in life cycle model. In order to understand the more fundamental implications of appraisal in electronic record environment, it is essential to analyze the appraisal inherent in record continuum theory. Record continuum theory can provide a theoretical basis for appraisal in electronic record environment in that it is a theoretical system in opposition of the appraisal based on life cycle model and dualistic records management system resulting from it. In particular, considering that the appraisal is a purposive act of seeking the meaning of records, the reinterpretation of the concept and meaning of records intended in record continuum theory enables us to derive the different appraisal logics than before. Therefore In this study, based on comparison with the appraisal based on life cycle model and the new record concept presented in record continuum, the appraisal in record continuum theory is analyzed focusing on three aspects.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this research therefore, was to conduct research on the actual state of manufacturers of cycle wears and the condition in wearing; to present the basic data to develop cycle wears which can lessen the trouble for the human body and an excellent feeling in wearing. For research on the actual state of manufacturers of cycle wears, three domestic companies were grasped. To inquire the condition in wearing, the method of questionnaire was used for 100 peoples consisted of male cycling professional players and ordinary peoples with the same tastes. As the result of research: The manufacturers were targeting for the professional players and men with the same tastes. They produced goods by themselves as well as in the form of subcontract, and they did not classify goods for male & female. Materials they used for cycle wears were mainly composed of jersey with spandex and nylon. The production ratio of cycle wears is shown as 80% for company A, 25% for company B, and 90% for company C. They make a pattern of cycle wears by a technical tie-up with foreign companies, or by the development of their own pattern. As the result of study on the present condition in wearing cycle wears according to each season, it was figured out that the users usually weard short-sleeved T-shirts with dividing zipper for summer upper garment, shorts most preferably for summer lower garment; long-sleeved shirts for spring and fall upper garment, and shorts with incision most preferably for spring and fall lower garment. Also, they usually weard jumpers with incision for winter upper garment, and long pants in which ankle parts of incision were tightened most preferably for winter lower garment.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the length of the estrous cycle and duration of estrus in Korean native goats. The effects of the type of last estrus : induced or natural, and the length of preceeding estrous cycle on the subsequent cycle and duration of estrus in goats were also examined. From 481 observations, the mean length of estrous cycles was 18.1${\pm}$0.5days. The cycle length was significantly(P<0.05) shorter following induced estrus (15.2${\pm}$0.8 d) than natural estrus(19.0${\pm}$0.6 d). Significantly higher(P<0.05) incidence of short estrous cycle was observed following induced estrus(40%) than natural estrus(27%). The frequency distribution in the estrous cycle was 30%, 3%, 56% and 11% for short(3-11 d), medium(12-16 d), normal(17-24 d) and long(${\geqq}$25 d), respectively. The most frequent type of short estrous cycle was 6 days in length. Mean duration of estrus was 34.0${\pm}$0.5 h with a range of 18 to 84 h. Duration of estrus was not significantly different the preceeding natural (33.8${\pm}$0.6 h) and induced estrus (34.4${\pm}$1.1 h), and was not significantly affected by the last cycle length. These results suggest that the short estrus cycles are more frequent following induced estrus than natural one, and the duration of estrus are affected greatly by the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors.