• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.34-43
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• 2009

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system has been used for remote measurement and control on the critical infrastructures as well as modem industrial facilities. As cyber attacks increase on communication networks, SCADA network has been also exposed to cyber security problems. Especially, SCADA systems of energy industry such as electric power, gas and oil are vulnerable to targeted cyber attack and terrorism Recently, many research efforts to solve the problems have made progress on SCADA network security. In this paper, flexible key distribution concept is proposed for improving the security of SCADA network using Multiagent System (MAS).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2017

비트코인은 각국의 중앙은행이 화폐 발행을 독점하고 자의적인 통화 정책을 펴는 것에 대한 반발로 만들어진 암호화 된 디지털 화폐이며, 2008년 10월에 처음 등장하였다. 새로운 전자화폐로 성장한 비트코인은 현재 여러 나라에서 서비스되고 있으나 보안상의 취약점들이 발견되면서 이를 보완해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비트코인의 특징과 서비스현황을 알아보고 비트코인의 취약점 중 지나친 익명성, 이기적인 채굴 그리고 51% Attack의 취약점들을 대상으로 분석하고, 대응 방안에 대한 한계를 제시한다.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2016

Cloud Computing has recently begun to emerge as a new attack target. The malice DDoS attacks are ongoing to delay and disturb the various services of the Cloud Computing. In this paper, we propose the Hornet-Cloud using security Honeypot technique and resources of Cloud Computing, define and design the concept of security functions about active low-interaction framework by cyber resilience simply. In addition, for virtual honeypot service, we simulated and vitrified the possibility of functions of the low-interaction vHoneypot using cyber resilience.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2014

Obsolescent control systems for power systems are evolving into intelligent systems and connecting with smart devices to give intelligence to the power systems. As networks of the control system are growing, vulnerability is also increasing. The communication network of distribution areas in the power system connects closely to vulnerable environments. Many cyber-attacks have been founded in the power system, and they could be more critical as the power system becomes more intelligent. From these environment, new communication network architecture and mitigation method against cyber-attacks are needed. Availability and Fault Tree analysis used to show that the proposed system enhances performance of current control systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.217-219
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• 2008

SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is popular control and monitor areas not only in critical infrastructures such as electric power, gas, oil but also industrial applications. Increasement of cyber attack technique and frequency threats secure operation of SCADA systems. Recently many researches have been studied for protecting SCADA system against cyber attacks. This paper introduces overall security technologies in SCADA systems.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.99-113
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• 2021

In these days, as cyberspace has been recognized as the fifth battlefield area following the land, sea, air, and space, attention has been focused on activities that view cyberspace as an operational and mission domain in earnest. Also, in the 21st century, cyber operations based on cyberspace are being developed as a 4th generation warfare method. In such an environment, the success of the operation is determined by the commander's decision. Therefore, in order to increase the rationality and objectivity of such decision-making, it is necessary to systematically establish and select a course of action (COA). In this study, COA is established by using the method of classifying operational elements necessary for cyber operation, and it is intended to suggest a direction for quantitative evaluation of COA. To this end, we propose a method of composing the COES (Cyber Operational Elements Set), which becomes the COA of operation, and classifying the cyber operational elements identified in the target development process based on the 5W1H Method. In addition, by applying the proposed classification method to the cyber operation elements used in the STUXNET attack case, the COES is formed to establish the attack COAs. Finally, after prioritizing the established COA, quantitative evaluation of the policy was performed to select the optimal COA.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.27
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• pp.129-161
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• 2005

Todays, computers in business world are potent facilitators that most companies could not without them, while they are only tools. They offer extremely efficient means of communication, particularly when connected to Internet. What I stress in this article is the risks accompanied by e-commerce rather than the advantages of Internet or e-commerce. The management of e-commerce companies, therefore, should keep in mind that the benefit of e-commerce through the Internet are accompanied by enhanced and new risks, cyber risks or e-commerce risks. For example, companies are exposed to computer system breakdown and business interruption risks owing to traditional and physical risks such as theft and fire etc, computer programming errors and defect softwares and outsider's attack such as hacking and virus. E-commerce companies are also exposed to tort liabilities owing to defamation, the infringement of intellectual property such as copyright, trademark and patent right, negligent misrepresent and breach of confidential information or privacy infringement. In this article, I would like to suggest e-commerce insurance or cyber liability insurance as a means of risk management rather than some technical devices, because there is not technically perfect defence against cyber risks. But e-commerce insurance has some gaps between risks confronted by companies and coverage needed by them, because it is at most 6 or 7 years since it has been introduced to market. Nevertheless, in my opinion, e-commerce insurance has offered the most perfect defence against cyber risks to e-commerce companies up to now.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

Because intelligent and organized cyber attack, It is difficult to respond to cyber threats with only a small number of information security experts. Accordingly, information security department compared to 2013 it increased by 17%. But there was a problem that cannot train appropriate students for companies. This research examined the Workforce Framework and Knowledge Units for improving this situation. Based on this, educational department in cyber security major was selected to be learning at the university. And it proposed a plan for a managing course to operate. And the result will be utilized as fundamental research of human resources medium- and long-term demand and supply planning in cyber security department.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.27-51
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• 2005

Todays, computers in business world are potent facilitators that most companies could not without them, while they are only tools. They offer extremely efficient means of communication, particularly when connected to Internet. What I stress in this article is the risks accompanied by e-commerce rather than the advantages of Internet or e-commerce. The management of e-commerce companies, therefore, should keep in mind that the benefit of e-commerce through the Internet are accompanied by enhanced and new risks, cyber risks or e-commerce risks. For example, companies are exposed to computer system breakdown and business interruption risks owing to traditional and physical risks such as theft and fire etc, computer programming errors and defect softwares and outsider's attack such as hacking and virus. E-commerce companies are also exposed to tort liabilities owing to defamation, the infringement of intellectual property such as copyright, trademark and patent right, negligent misrepresent and breach of confidential information or privacy infringement. In this article, I would like to suggest e-commerce insurance or cyber liability insurance as a means of risk management rather than some technical devices, because there is not technically perfect defence against cyber risks. But e-commerce insurance has some gaps between risks confronted by companies and coverage needed by them, because it is at most 6 or 7 years since it has been introduced to market. Nevertheless, in my opinion, e-commerce insurance has offered the most perfect defence against cyber risks to e-commerce companies up to now.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.857-880
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• 2016

Due to an increasing number of cyberattacks globally, cybersecurity has become a crucial part of national security in many countries. In particular, the Digital Pearl Harbor has become a real and aggressive security threat, and is considered to be a global issue that can introduce instability to the dynamics of international security. Against this context, the cyberattacks that targeted nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the Republic of Korea triggered concerns regarding the potential effects of cyber terror on critical infrastructure protection (CIP), making it a new security threat to society. Thus, in an attempt to establish measures that strengthen CIP from a cybersecurity perspective, we perform a case study on the cyber-terror attacks that targeted the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. In order to fully appreciate the actual effects of cyber threats on critical infrastructure (CI), and to determine the challenges faced when responding to these threats, we examine factual relationships between the cyberattacks and their responses, and we perform analyses of the characteristics of the cyberattack under consideration. Moreover, we examine the significance of the event considering international norms, while applying the Tallinn Manual. Based on our analyses, we discuss implications for the cybersecurity of CI in South Korea, after which we propose a framework for strengthening cybersecurity in order to protect CI. Then, we discuss the direction of national policies.