• 제목/요약/키워드: Cyanobacteria Bloom

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국내산 유독 남조류의 독소생산 특성 (The Characteristics of Toxin Production in the Korean Toxic Cyanobacteria)

  • 김화빈;박혜경;신교동;문정숙
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.834-840
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    • 2010
  • To find out the toxin production characteristics of Korean harmful cyanobacteria, we isolated 14 cyanobacterial strains from Korean lakes and rivers and analyzed the kinds and cellular content of microcystins (MCYSTs) of cyanobacterial isolates using cultured biomass. And we measured the MCYSTs production by growth phase of two representative toxic strains, Microcystis aeruginosa (HG-015) and Anabaena planktonica (HG-012). Among seven cyanobacteral species, Microcystis wesenbergii showed the highest cellular MCYSTs content. MCYST-RR was the most dominant toxin reaching more than 85% of MCYSTs produced by isolated cyanbacterial strains. During the mass culture, Microcystis aeruginosa (HG-015) showed the highest yield and accumulation of MCYSTs in the exponential growth phase. However the cellular content of chlorophyll a and MCYSTs of Anabaena planktonica (HG-012) showed higher value in the stationary and early death phase than in the exponential growth phase. Our results suggest that control and removal of harmful cyanobacterial bloom before exponential growth phase may be effective to prevent health risk of cyanobacterial toxins in the drinking water sources.

다변량 Bernoulli 모형을 이용한 녹조 발생 예측 모형 개발 (Development of an algal bloom prediction model using multivariate Bernoulli model)

  • 정민규;김진영;조혜미;권현한
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.83-83
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    • 2021
  • 수리구조물로 인한 유황변화와 함께 기후변화로 기인하는 강우변동성 및 온도 증가는 수생태 전반에 악영향을 미치는 주요 인자로 작용하고 있다. 특히, 최근 가뭄으로 인한 유황감소 및 폭염 등으로 여름철 녹조의 발생 빈도 및 강도 증가가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천에서 계측되고 있는 Cyanobacteria 개체수를 기반으로 녹조발생 여부를 전망할 수 있는 모형을 개발하고자 한다. Cyanobacteria 개체수를 기준으로 녹조발생 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 기준값(threshold)을 설정하고 binary 형태로 시계열을 구성하였다. 이를 Bernoulli 모형에 적합하여 녹조 발생 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 모형을 개발하였다. 하천을 따라 나타나는 녹조는 시공간적으로 유사한 특성을 가지며, 이러한 점을 고려하여 여러 관측지점을 동시에 모델링하는 것이 모형의 효율성과 예측성 측면에서 유리하다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강을 따라 여러 녹조관측지점을 대상으로 동시에 모델링이 가능하도록 다변량 Bernoulli 모형 기반의 녹조 예측 모형을 제시하고 과거 자료를 대상으로 모형의 적합성을 평가하였다. 다양한 지표를 기준으로 교차검증을 수행하였으며, 기존 물리적 모델에 비해 모형의 예측성능 및 효율성 측면에서 우수성을 확인할 수 있었다.

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국내 담수역 남조류 원격탐사를 위한 피코시아닌 추출법 비교 연구 (A Study on Comparison of Phycocyanin Extraction Methods for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Cyanobacteria in Turbid Inland Waters)

  • 하림;신현주;남기범;박상현;강태구;송현오;이혁
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.520-527
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    • 2016
  • Phycocyanin (PC) is one of the water-soluble accessory pigments of cyanobacteria species, and its concentration is used to estimate the presence and relative abundance of cyanobacteria. In laboratory experiments, PC content of field data were determined using Sarada's freeze-thaw method in algal bloom season. The effectiveness of three selected extraction methods (repeated freeze-thaw method, homogenization, power control) for PC were determined. The extraction efficiency of phycocyanin was the highest (of the methods compared) when a single freezing-thawing cycle was followed by pre-sonication. Applying this optimized method to surface water of Korean inland waters, the average concentration distribution was estimated at $2.9{\sim}51.9mg/m^3$. It has been shown that the optimized pre-sonication method is suitable to measure cyanobacteria PC content for the characterization of inland waters. The approach and results of this study indicates the potential of effective methods for remote monitoring and management of water quality in turbid inland waters using hyperspectral remote sensing.

Occurrence of Microcystin-Containing Toxic Water Blooms in Central India

  • Agrawal Manish K.;Ghosh Shubhro K.;Bagchi Divya;Weckesser Juergen;Erhard Marcel;Bagchi Suvendra N.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.212-218
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    • 2006
  • Three out of fourteen Microcystis-dominant cyanobacterial blooms in Central India were found to be toxic to mice ($LD_{50}$ ranging from 35-450 mg bloom dry mass/kg body weight). The liver architecture of the treated mice showed characteristic symptoms of hepatotoxicity relative to the untreated controls, with increased enzyme activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). RP-HPLC revealed the presence of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and desmethyl microcystin-RR in the given region to maximum amounts of 390, 1,030, and $860{\mu}g/g$ bloom dry weight, respectively, corresponding to a maximum of 2.8 mg/l microcystin-LR in the lake water. Further confirmation of the microcystin variants was conducted using a MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

The Selective Inhibitory Activity of a Fusaricidin Derivative on a Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp.

  • Ko, So-Ra;Lee, Young-Ki;Srivastava, Ankita;Park, Seung-Hwan;Ahn, Chi-Yong;Oh, Hee-Mock
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2019
  • Fusaricidin analogs, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa, were tested for selective control of a major bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. Fusaricidin (A and B mixtures) and four analogs were isolated from P. polymyxa E681 and investigated for their inhibition of cyanobacterial cell growth. Among the four fusaricidin analogs, fraction 915 Da (designated as Fus901) showed growth inhibition activity for Microcystis aeruginosa but not for Anabaena variabilis and Scenedesmus acutus. Microcystin concentration decreased up to 70% and its content per cell also decreased over 50% after 3 days. Fusaricidin exhibited growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria but Fus901 did not. Molecular weights of fusaricidin A and B were 883 Da and 897 Da, whereas that of Fus901 was 915 Da. Structure analysis by a ring-opening method revealed a linear form for Fus901. Expression of the pod gene related to oxidative stress was increased 2.1-fold by Fus901 and that of mcyD decreased up to 40%. These results indicate that Fus901 exerts oxidative stress against M. aeruginosa. Thus, Fus901 can be used as a selective cyanobactericide without disturbing the ecological system and could help in decreasing the microcystin concentration.

농업용 저수지에서 환경 요인이 Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) 성장에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) in Agricultural Reservoirs)

  • 권오창;박정원;정규영;이종은;서을원
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.1183-1189
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 경북 안동시 풍천면에 소재한 농업용 저수지인 호민지와 가곡지에서 수계의 물리 화학적 환경요인이 수화현상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 수온, chlorophyll-a, 총질소, 총인, 인산염인의 평균값은 가곡지가 높았다. 반면에 pH의 평균값은 호민지가 높았다. 미량원소 (Na, K, Mg, Fe, Si)의 평균값은 모두 가곡지에서 높았다. 두 저수지에서 수화현상을 일으킨 남조류는 Microcystis aeruginosa였고, 5월부터 발생하기 시작하여 8월에 최대의 현존량을 나타냈다. M. aeruginosa의 현존량 증가와 수질과의 상관관계에서 호민지에서 $Na^+$ (r=-0.910, p<0.05), $Fe^{2+}$ (r=-0.855, p<0.05)와 $Si^{4+}$ (r=0.989, p<0.01)가 현존량 증가와 높은 상관관계를 보였고 가곡지에서는 $Na^+$ (r=-0.776, p<0.05), $Si^{4+}$ (r=0.899, p<0.05)가 현존량 증가와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 규조류의 제한요인인 Si가 남조류 현존량과 상관관계가 높은 것은 매우 특이하다. 결론적으로 수화현상 발생에는 가장 중요한 영양염인 질소와 인뿐만 아니라 여러 요인들의 복합적 작용으로 발생하는 것으로 생각된다.

낙동강 강정고령보 수위저하 운영에 따른 수질 변동특성 분석 (Analysis of Water Quality Variation by Lowering of Water Level in Gangjeong-Goryong Weirin Nakdong River)

  • 박대연;박형석;김성진;정세웅
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.245-262
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 낙동강에 위치한 칠곡보와 강정고령보 구간을 대상으로 3차원 EFDC 모델을 구축하고, 보 구간의 운영 수위 저하 및 유속 증가와 같은 수리학적 특성 변화가 수질과 조류 생체량에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 있다. 보정결과, EFDC 모델은 10분 단위의 고빈도로 측정된 상층과 하층 수온의 시간적 변화를 적절하게 모의하였고, 유기물, 질소, 인계열 수질항목과 남조류의 시계열 변화를 적절히 재현하였다. 하지만, 규조류와 녹조류 세포 밀도에 대해서는 모의값이 실측값을 과대 산정하였다. 규조류와 녹조류 예측의 오차 요인은 조류의 신진대사와 관련된 매개변수의 불확실성과 동물플랑크톤에 의한 포식기능이 모의에 포함되지 않은 것에 기인한 것으로 유추된다. 강정고령보의 보 운영 수위를 관리수위(EL. 19.44 m)에서 하한수위(EL. 14.9 m)까지 약 4.54 m 낮추어 운영하는 시나리오 모의결과, Chl-a와 조류 세포수 밀도가 급격히 감소했다. 특히, 녹조를 발생시키는 남조류 세포 수는 기존 관리수위에 비해 하한수위 시나리오에서 표층 기준 56.1% 급감하였다. 연구결과는 임계유속 유지가 남조류 제어에 효과적이라는 선행연구들과 일치하며, 강정고령보에서 수위 저하와 체류시간 감소와 같은 수리학적 조절은 조류의 과잉 성장을 제한 할 수 있는 대안임을 시사한다.

K:Fe Ratio as an Indicator of Cyanobacterial Bloom in a Eutrophic Lake

  • Ahn, Chi-Yong;Park, Dae-Kyun;Kim, Hee-Sik;Chung, An-Sik;Oh, Hee-Mock
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.290-296
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    • 2004
  • The effects of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron on cyanobacterial bloom potentials were investigated in Daechung Reservoir, Korea. Potassium showed the highest correlation with the cyanobacterial cell number (r=0.487, P<0.05) and phycocyanin concentration (r=0.499, P<0.05). However, it was not likely that the potassium had directly affected the bloom formation, because the variations of its concentration were not significantly large. In contrast, the Fe concentration fluctuated drastically and exhibited a negative correlation with the cyanobacterial cell number (r=- 0.388, P<0.1) and phycocyanin concentration (r=-0.446, P<0.05). Accordingly, the K:Fe atomic ratio would appear to reflect the extent of cyanobacterial bloom more precisely than K or Fe alone. The K:Fe ratio specifically correlated with cyanobacterial percentage, the cyanobacterial cell number and phycocyanin concentration (r=0.840, P<0.001; r=0.416, P<0.05; r=0.522, P<0.01, respectively). With the K:Fe atomic ratio of over 200, the chlorophyll-a concentration, cyanobacterial cell number, and phycocyanin concentration exceeded $10\mu$g $1^{-1}$20,000 cells $ml^{-1}$, and 20 pM, respectively, the general criteria of eutrophic water.

ROC 분석을 이용한 수질자동측정소 실시간 남조류 측정의 정확성 평가 및 경보기준 설정 (Accuracy Evaluation and Alert Level Setting for Real-time Cyanobacteria Measurement Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis)

  • 송상환;박종환;강태우;김영석;김지현;강태구
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 2017
  • With the need to evaluate accuracy of real-time measurement of cyanobacterial fluorescence to determine cyanobacterial blooms, this research examined 357 paired data (2013-2016) comprising both microscopic toxic cyanobacterial cell counts and concurrent real-time cyanobacterial concentrations at 2 sites (YS1 and YS2) in Yeongsan river. The increase in real-time cyanobacterial concentration was closely associated with the exceedance of 5,000 cyanobacterial cells/ml (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.12) and 10,000 cells/ml (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12) at YS2 site. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the real-time cyanobacterial measurement at the YS2 site was 0.93, which indicates the measurement provides a high accurate detection of cyanobacterial blooms. On the ROC curve, the early alert levels of real-time cyanobacteria ranging $16-23{\mu}g$ chl-a/L would produce acceptable sensitivity of 79% and specificities greater than 90%. The real-time fluorescence measurement was found to be an accurate indicator of cyanobacteria and can serve as a tool for detecting toxic cyanobacterial bloom events in Youngsan river.