• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to suggest how we can get over the difficulties of practical drill under experimentation concerning the units of making clothes in the curriculum of home economics. The import of this study was based on the results of the preceding studies the field of the making Korean clothes, from the standpoint of the teaching tools and teaching materials by the use of VTR, is one of the most insufficient. On the one hand, the teaching procedure here a VTR, running 34 minutes or so, was made up with the process of making Korean men’s slacks, and was led by the researcher’s own. The contents of the lesson are as follows： the shape of Korean clothes, the name of each part, the process of drawing, cutting and sewing, and the items of evaluation and arrangement. On the other hand, the two comparative groups were made to compare one with the other： One group was taught by help of VTR media, and the other by the model performance and explanation of the instructor’s own. All of the statistical data were analyzed in terms of SPSS/PC, and t-verification was made, to make difference between the two, after standard deviation was calculated according to the classified domains. The consequences of the test research are shown as below： 1. The difference of understanding was obviously made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in understanding to process of making Korean clothes. 2. The difference of skill was highly made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the practical drill of making Korean clothes. 3. The difference of interests was evidentally made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the stage of making Koran clothes. Such means that the motivation and attitude of the learners was made stimulate by the Audio-Visual material than by the traditional cramming method. 4. The difference of frequency was fairly made in considering that the experimeatal group made a better score than the comparative one in the frequency of individual teaching. 5. The difference of the efficiency of time-consumption was clearly made in considering that the experimental group made a better score than the comparative one. As the results of the research above, the medium of VTR proved to more effective to the achievement of schoolwork and the strategies of teaching. Therefore, more use of VTR media will help the instructors with the difficulties of practical drill in the whole process of making Korean clothes； Widely use of VTR media in teaching will be surely more fruitfull to the unit of making Korean clothes than teaching by explanation.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.637-652
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• 2012

The protector with the shape of '${\sqcap}$' in cross section can be set up in the tunnel, which can be constructed for enlargement of cross section, to keep traffic flow in the tunnel. It is impossible to install the rockbolt in the side wall of tunnel due to a limited space between the protector and cutting surface of side wall. The objective of this study is to suggest the optimum thickness of shotcrete lining without rockbolt on the side wall and to evaluate the stability of tunnel enlarged. Numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the displacement at the center of tunnel, the convergence of tunnel, and the stress in shotcrete lining in 4-lane NATM road tunnel enlarged from 3-lane NATM road tunnel. The vertical displacement at the center of tunnel and the convergence of crown in the tunnel with rockbolt in the side wall were almost similar to those in the tunnel without rockbolt in the side wall. The convergence of bench/invert and the stress in shotcrete lining without rockbolt on the side wall were greater maximum 0.57 mm and 1,300 kN/$m^2$ than those with rockbolt in the side wall. The increased convergence and the stress in shotcrete lining can be reduced in incerasing of thickness of shotcrete lining about 20% (5 cm) of standard thickness, 25 cm, of shotcrete lining.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

This research studied the preservation treatment of the papered literature the national treasure 745-9 $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$, discovered in 1995 from the Four Devas of Borimsa Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County, in the viewpoint of the bibliography. The overall features of the $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were of 25.3cm width, 38.9cm height 1.5cm depth, 58 pages and of high-fine yellow-brown colored reef paper. The book was ruined physically in the shape and color. The covers of the book were deeply stained by the permeated rain and some internal pages were changing into brown color by corrosion. The treatment policies were； maintaining the status quo and capable repeated treatment. And the preservation treatment was done in the sequences of 1) 1st cleaning process, 2) repairing and correcting, 3) 2nd cleaning and preservation 4) cutting, binding the book and making the envelope and wood box. The post-preservation features of $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were； total 64 pages and the size being 25.8 cm width 39.4cm of lenght, and 1.9cm of depth.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

High speed steels (HSS) were used as cutting tools and wear parts, because of high strength, wear resistance, and hardness together with an appreciable toughness and fatigue resistance. Conventional manufacturing process for production of components with HSS was used by casting. The powder metallurgy techniques were currently developed due to second phase segregation of conventional process. The powder injection molding method (PIM) was received attention owing to shape without additional processes. The experimental specimens were manufactured with T42 HSS powders (59 vol%) and polymer (41 vol%). The metal powders were prealloyed water-atomised T42 HSS. The green parts were solvent debinded in normal n-Hexane at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and thermal debinded at $N_2-H_2$ mixed gas atmosphere for 14 hours. Specimens were sintered in $N_2$, $H_2$ gas atmosphere and vacuum condition between 1200 and $1320^{\circ}C$. In result, polymer degradation temperatures about optimum conditions were found at $250^{\circ}C$ and $480^{\circ}C$. After sintering at $N_2$ gas atmosphere, maximum hardness of 310Hv was observed at $1280^{\circ}C$. Fine and well dispersed carbide were observed at this condition. But relative density was under 90%. When sintering at $H_2$ gas atmosphere, relative density was observed to 94.5% at $1200^{\circ}C$. However, the low hardness was obtained due to decarbonization by hydrogen. In case of sintering at the vacuum of $10^{-5}$ torr at temperature of $1240^{\circ}C$, full density and 550Hv hardness were obtained without precipitation of MC and $M_6C$ in grain boundary.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2016

This study related to get skin improvement effect of sheet mask pack using 5% of $2^{nd}$ fermented snail extract. To the scientific study of the skin, it was used for this sheet mask of 100% cotton as cutting face shape. We reported the results of measurement of skin improvement effect with the placebo and Gene-SEM (general snail extract mask). First; moisturizing effect of 2F-SEM ($2^{nd}$ fermented snail extract mask) has been increased about 11% than the PM and Gene-SEM was improved about 4.7% more than the PM (placebo mask). Second; elasticity of the mask pack containing $2^{nd}$ fermented snail extract was 13.8% better than PM and Gene-SEM was improved about 6.7 % more than PM. Third; Skin roughness of 2F-SEM has improved 6.80% than PM and Gene-SEM was improved about 2.3% more than PM. Fourth; melanin reductive effect of 2F-SEM was improved about15.0% more than PM and Gene-SEM was improved about 8.7% more than PM. Fifth; fine wrinkle decline effect of 2F-SEM was about 8.0% better than PM and Gene-SEM was improved with 5.1% more than PM. Sixth; sensorial evaluation of 2F-SEM using $2^{nd}$ fermented snail extract was significantly showed difference merits regarding softness, moisture, fine-wrinkle improvement.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Objective: Much has been known that the systematical theory of acupuncture was developed from stone needle as therapeutic tools for orthopedic diseases in ancient times. Stone needle is very old therapeutic method like moxibustion and has been recognized that it was developed since the Stone Age in China so far. In the present study, it was examined for the origination and formation of stone needle based on stone relics of the Stone Age in Korean Peninsular, the medical and geographical literatures. Materials and methods: The facts of stone needle was examined and arranged on the ancient medical or geographical literatures such as The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, Shanhaijing as an ancient geographical book, etc. The clan societies and family related to an origination of stone needle was chased together with their cultural characteristics and origination. The stone relics which have been digged out of historic sites in the North-East Asia were examined for a relevance to stone needle. Results: In The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, it was referred to the stone needle that originated from a fishery zone related to the east coast district in North-East Asia. Through the examination of Shan Hai Jing as an ancient geographical book and its historical reviews, a Go-yi clan society who keep Go's family tree dealt well with the stone needle and jewels including jade in the North-East Asia before the publication periods of The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, and is comprised in the culture of Dong-yi clan society but not the Chinese culture. The obsidian stones, which have been digged out of historical sites in the North-East Asia since the Stone Age, are originated from volcanic areas combined with seashore that seems to be Baekdu mountain district in Korea and Kyushu district in Japan. Furthermore, obsidian stone tools which were found out at Laodung peninsula and the Korean peninsula are archeologically similar to the stone needle with regards to the shape, size and dual-use. In addition, specific obsidian stone tools have been used in orthopedic surgery as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge up to five times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels. Conclusion: The origin of obsidian stone needle is well corresponded to the explanation about that of the stone needle. It is suggested that the stone needle which influenced in completion of acupuncture and Meridian theory in China seems to be an obsidian stone, and distribution of obsidian stone needle has been closely connected to Dong-yi clan society which are lived in the North-East Asia including Baekdu-mountain district.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Adhesives in dentistry playa major role in the success of restorative treatments. In the treatment of all ceramic restoration it is needed to find the adequate bond strength between enamel and dentin. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to extracted human uncut enamel, cut enamel, and dentin in vitro. Material and methods. Ten freshly extracted anterior teeth without any previous restorative treatments were chosen. The extracted teeth were embedded in PMMA cold acrylic in the shape of a cylinder, 25 mm in diameter by 25 mm in height. The bonding system used was as follow: Uni-Etch (32% phosphoric acid), One-Step adhesive, Duolink resin cement. The specimens were acid etched and rinsed with water. Two layers of One-Step adhesive were coated with a disposable brush on the uncut enamel. VIP curing light at $500mV/cm^2$ was used to cure the adhesive. For cut enamel shear bond test, the specimen used for uncut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.3{\sim}0.5mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.3 mm in depth). The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit SiC paper and cleaned with distilled water. The bonding procedure on the cut enamel was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. For dentin bonding test, the specimen used for cut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.5mm{\sim}1.0mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.5 mm in depth of diamond cutting). The amount of reduction was evaluated with the silicone mold. The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit silicon carbon paper and cleaned in distilled water. The bonding procedure on the dentin was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. All samples were mounted and secured on the Ultradent shear bond test sample holder, and Ultradent restricted shear bond testing device was used with Universal Instron machine until fracture. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed comparing the result at P<0.05. Multiple comparison (Tukey) was used to compare each groups. Result. The result showed that the mean value in shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to uncut enamel, cut enamel and dentin were 27.04 Mpa, 30.25 Mpa and 26.39 Mpa with respect. Conclusion. Within the limitation of this study, the mean value of the shear bond strength of cut enamel was higher than those of uncut enamel or dentin. However there existed no statistical differences between three different human dentition substrates due to increased adhesive characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.951-960
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• 2020

This study investigates the adjustment processes of the rivers after weir removal through laboratory experiments. Delta upstream eroded rapidly by flow at the initial stage of the experiments and the knickpoint migrates upward. Moreover, the knickpoint moves fast upward on the condition of alternate bars. The head cutting in the bed is developed fast at the initial stage. However, the erosion speed in the bed decreases with time. The well developed alternate bars migrates with keeping their shape downstream, and the bars affect the channel downstream to adjust new environments after weir removal. Maximum scouring depth downstream and the migration speed decrease over time after removing the weir. The scouring depth in the channel without alternate bars migrates with speed. However, the depth in the channel with alternate bars migrates slow downstream. The channel with alternate bars, in turn, is adjusted well to the new equilibrium states. The maximum scouring depth migrates downstream with time, and the scouring depth and its migration speed decreases with time. The dimensionless maximum scouring depth decreases with the migration speed of dimensionless maximum scouring depth because the deeply scoured places capture the sediments from upstream and the migration speed is slow as the places are filled with them. The dimensionless maximum scouring depth is shallow as the dimensionless backfilling speed is high. The dimensionless maximum scouring depth decreases rapidly less than 5 of dimensionless backfilling speed. However, the depth decreases slow more than 5 of it.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.457-478
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• 1992

Electrical resistance strain gauges, brittle-coatings, Moir'e fringe analysis, photoelasticity methods, etc, have been employed in the study of stress analysis and three-dimensional photoelasticity method used in this experiment. The author fabricated a total of 24 samples of maxillary and mandibular edentulous ridges with normal and sharp shapes using epoxy resin, one of the photoelastic materials. In addition, complete denture made from artificial resin teeth in other twoo sizes, large and medium size, were affixed to the specimens and attached to an articulator. The following results were attained by cutting 9 slice specimens into 6mm thick portions, in accordance with the three dimensional photoelastic stress freezing method, to analyze stress distribution status under specific static loading in the central, lateral and protrusive occlusions of the shape of edentulous ridge. 1. In the case of central occlusion, when complete resin artificial teeth in large and medium sizes were used on normal and sharp alveolar ridges, high stress distribution was broadly shown in the labio-buccal sides, and low and concentrated in the lingual sides, in all cases. Generally, the highest stresses were shown at the top of the alveolus, or at 2mm below the top of the alveolus, particularly in the specimen 2, 3, and stresses were more or less the same in the symmetrical right and left sides. 2. In the case of lateral occlusion, when the same load was applied, high stresses were shown broadly at the working sides in both the labio-buccal and lingual sides, and low and concentrated at the balanced sides. The highest stresses were shown in the top of the alveolus on the working sides in specimen 2 portion, and the lowest stresses at the balanced sides in specimen 6, slightly higher stresses were shown at retromolar parts in the balanced sides. 3. In the case of protrusive occlusion, high stresses were broadly shown at the labio-buccal sides, and slightly higher stresses at the top 2, 4, and 6mm parts of the alveolus with concentration. The highest stresses were shown in specimen No. 5 and the lowes stresses in specimen 1, 9 and stresses were more of less the same at the symmetrical right and left sides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop designs and patterns of a functional brassiere. For this purpose, women who have protruding and drooping breasts with 75B for their brassiere size were sampled. The fitting test for the fitness and function of test brassiere and control brassiere were carried out twice and compared the results from the both in terms of front, rear and side looks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The results from measuring the level of sag and spread, and volume and protrusion of breasts shows that there are some distinctive differences in the measurements before and after wearing the test brassiere and the test brassiere is proved to be very effective in correcting breasts' shapes. 2. Front look: Since the two front cutting lines of the test brassiere served to have the curved main part pressing against the breasts, it could support breasts to more than satisfactory level. In addition, upperline panel and side panels of the test brassiere were found to have the upperline of the upper cup pressed against the breasts and at the same time it pressed and gathered the flab around upper part of the breasts and armpits that helped to rearrange the shape of the breasts. It is also proved that the two-pieced test brassier was found to be more functional in supporting the lower cup of the breasts. 3. Rear look: The test brassier was made up of two wide U-shaped wings with 2.5cm tape on its lower sides. Each wing has 4 lines and 3 hems (5.5cm). For this reason, the test brassiere was tighter and better fitted on its back. 4. Side look and entire look: The wings of the test brassiere might look wider than that of the control brassier which has conventional straight-shaped wings, but it was analyzed that the test brassiere held the upper and lower sides of the wings more effectively to be more pressed against the breast. Therefore, the test brassiere scored higher in terms of adjusting to body movements, while the control brassiere looked better in overall terms. 5. The functional brassier fur protruding and drooping breasts developed from the experiments of this study is a full side stretch brassiere which covers the entire breasts satisfactorily. The pattern drafting methods are suggested in to .