• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.62-69
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• 2010

Internal lathe machining with a boring bar is weak with respect to vibration because the bar is long and slender. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamic characteristics of a boring bar. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of overhang and cutting conditions on the dynamic response characteristics of a boring bar. For an efficient experiment, an $L_g(3^3)$ orthogonal array was applied and the results were quantitatively analyzed by ANOVA. Overhang, feed per revolution, and depth of cut were selected as independent variables. Meanwhile, dynamic stiffness, damping ratio, damping coefficient, and acceleration were chosen as dependent variables. The vibration signal was obtained from an accelerometer attached to the boring bar, followed by visualization by a signal analyzer. The effect of overhang was found to have a significant effect on the dynamic stiffness, damping ratio, and damping coefficient, but the other variables did not. As the length of the overhang increased, the dynamic stiffness decreased and the damping ratio increased. In addition, the damping coefficient increased until the length of the overhang was 4D (where D is the shank diameter), after which it remained constant. The acceleration decreased until the overhang length was 4D, and then increased sharply when the overhang was increased further. From these results, the behavioral trend of the damping characteristics changed when its overhang length was 4D. Consequently, there is a critical point that the dynamic characteristics of boring bar change.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2013

In this study, we carried out the each lines of section, using GC (green silicon carbide) whetstone, the SCM415 material which separated by after and before heat treatments process, in 3+2 axis machining centers for integrated grinding after cutting end mill works, the spindle speed 8000 rpm and feed rate 150 mm/min. For the analysis of the centerline average roughness (Ra), we measured by 10 steps stages. Using Finite element analysis, we found the result of the load analysis effect of the assembly parts, when applied the 11 kg's load on both side of the ATC (Automatic tool change) arm. The result is as follows. For the centerline average roughness (Ra) in the non-heat treatment work pieces, are appeared the most favorable in the tenth section are $0.510{\mu}m$, that were shown in the near the straight line section which is the smallest deformation of curve. In addition, the bad surface roughness appears on the path is to long by changing angle, the more inclined depth of cut, because the chip discharging is not smoothly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6141-6147
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of cancer deaths are preventable through early detection but there are a range of social, emotional, cultural and financial dimensions that hinder the effectiveness of cancer prevention and treatment efforts. Cancer stigma is one such barrier and is increasingly recognized as an important factor influencing health awareness and promotion, and hence, disease prevention and control. The impact and extent of stigma on the cancer early detection and care continuum is poorly understood in India. Objectives: To evaluate cancer awareness and stigma from multiple stakeholder perspectives in North India, including men and women from the general population, health care professionals and educators, and cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 39 individuals over a period of 3 months in 2014. Three groups of participants were chosen purposively - 1) men and women who attended cancer screening camps held by the Indian Cancer Society, Delhi; 2) health care providers and 3) cancer survivors. Results: Most participants were unaware of what cancers are in general, their causes and ways of prevention. Attitudes of families towards cancer patients were observed to be positive and caring. Nevertheless, stigma and its impact emerged as a cross cutting theme across all groups. Cost of treatment, lack of awarenes and beliefs in alternate medicines were identified as some of the major barriers to seeking care. Conclusions: This study suggests a need for spreading awareness, knowledge about cancers and assessing associated impact among the people. Also Future research is recommended to help eradicate stigma from the society and reduce cancer-related stigma in the Indian context.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.190-203
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• 2015

The fashion industry has been rearranged by Global SPA brands (like ZARA and H&M), which are powerful retailers that integrate the value chain ranging from manufacturing to sales. SPA brands can offer good quality of clothing at a reasonable price by cutting the margin between the supply chain. They are also called fast fashions since they make expedited efforts to respond to market trends and consumers. Despite the slow growth of the fashion industry in Korea, as global SPA brands rapidly expand market share, traditional fashion companies have launched several SPA brands such as MIXXO and SPAO (E-LAND), 8SECONDS (CHEIL INDUSTRIES). The few academic studies on this subject are focused on the analysis of secondary data such as news and books. The current research is qualitative and empirical attempts to explore the success factor of SPA brands with analysis of 1:1 in-depth interviews with experts who have worked for global SPAs such as Uniqlo, H&M, and ZARA, based on the grounded theory. The main phenomenon was shown to be that global SPA brands were popular since they offer a variety of products with a large assortment at reasonable and cheap prices in a large scale and multifunctional retail store. Most of them displayed main phenomena that can be realized due to the purchasing cycle of clothing that is shorter with consumers' regarding clothing as consumables. Global SPA brands had three types of marketing strategy: sellable product, sales strategy according to consumer response, and multifunctional stores. Each global SPA brand developed marketing strategies based on core competency and national conditions. The three success factors shorten the consumer decision making process of clothing. This study concludes with implications for practitioners of SPA brands born in Korea.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.277-290
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• 1993

Dental caries is considered to be caused by demineralization by organic acid produced by microorganism. But the formation of subsurface lesion in initial caries make it diffcult to explain by simple demineralization. This study is carried out on the basis of thermodynamic concept proposed by Margolis and Moreno. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of acid concentration and pH of lactate buffer system on the artificial caries lesion progress. 160 teeth without any crack, defect or opaque enamel were used and coated with nail varnish except the window ($2{\times}3$ mm). Under the constant degree of saturation(D.S.). The teeth were divided into 8 groups according to acid concentration(10mM, 25mM, 50mM, 100mM) and pH(4.3, 5.0, 6.0). Each group was immersed in buffer solution for 3, 6, 9, 18 days under controlled temperature($25^{\circ}C$). After cutting through the window and grinding, the specimens, 100-150 um in thickness, were imbibed in water or air and examined using polarilizing microscope. The depth of the surface and subsurface surface lesion were measured. 1. In the constant pH and D. S. value, the subsurface lesion progresses more rapidly as the concentration of lactic acid increases. (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) 2. In the constant acid concentration and DS value, the subsurface lesion progresses more slowly as the pH increases. (4.3, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0) 3. The width of surface lesion seems to be constant independant of pH and acid concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females ($62.5{\pm}11.2y$) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.154-154
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• 1995

The Xu-Tec process is also called the double glow surface alloying technology and is a new method of surface metallurgy which can produce an alloy layers with sp ecial phisical and chemical properties on the surface of common and inexpensive mater ials. Many super alloys and alloy steels, sueh as nickel base alloys, high speed steels and staiinless steels, have been produced by Xu-Tee Process on the surfaces of carbon steels. The depth of the alloy lasyers may vary from several microns up to 300 micr ons with alloying elements in a concentration of few percentage to 100%. World wide patents for Xu-Tec process have been granted in the United states, Canada, United Ki ngdom, Australia and Japan. High performance saw blades have been successfully produced by the Xu-Tee process with much simper processing steps and less cost than bimetal high speed saw blades. A comparison of the cutting times and wear rates of the Xu-Tee blades with the conventional bimetal blades has been made. The Xu-Tee bIases demonstrates sim ilar or better performance than bimetal blades. A Xu-Tec Unit for the commercial pr oduction of Xu-Tec saw blades has been designed and manufactured. This Unit can t reat 10,000 haek saw blades at one time. Three Xu-Tec hack saw blades production I ines have been set up in China. China.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop a textbook of the integrated education of Korean food culture and language for married female immigrants. Methods: An analysis was conducted with the textbooks and researches for married female immigrants, and dietary life related contents were extracted. The contents were organized by activity oriented approach which is acquired the culture. The evaluation was conducted through depth interview with 6 married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials. Results: The text book comprised of 30 Korean food recipes with the target expressions and vocabularies. It also included Korean basic table setting, Korean table manner, main dishes and side dishes, basic cutting, seasoning and garnish, measure of the ingredients, symbolic food, regional food culture, choice of food ingredients, shopping, bargaining, taste expression, color expression, all sorts of spices, Korean traditional festival food, and seasonal customs and food. For intensifying communication, activity which is close to real life was added. Through cooking, married female immigrants expose words and sentence patterns and that allows to evaluate their level of understanding. We observed that the developed textbook is suited for married female immigrants' needs and cognitive level. The text book included a comparative study between Korean culture and their country's culture, which could provide the motive for accepting each other's cultures. The study showed how to develop a textbook that integrates Korean language education and Korean food culture and how to apply the textbook in real life. Conclusions: The correct understanding about Korean food culture could lead to improvements communication ability. Useful information which relates to Korean food, recipes, and food culture could increase daily life satisfaction. Conducting both cultural education and language education could increase the participation of married female immigrants in learning activities. Therefore this study could help these females to adapt Korean society and manage family dietary life effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3292-3297
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• 2014

The vehicle wiper blade(W/B) to lower the friction coefficient of the rubber surface after the surface treatment with chlorine were investigated. IR spectrum from W/B was used to determine the extent of chlorination of the rubber surface. Coefficient of friction is significantly reduced by the treatment with chlorine. In particular, the more sensitive influence on the initial chlorination. Rubber surface properties with respect to the longitudinal direction of the cutting plane were obtained by EPMA line analysis results. Penetration depth by EPMA chlorine concentration($20.0{\ell}$ of water for 35.0% hydrochloric acid(HCl) $300m{\ell}$ with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) $400m{\ell}$), the chlorine treatment for 5 minutes was conducted to find that after 1.2 ${\mu}m$.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2008

Ships in bad weather conditions are likely to be subjected to accidental loads, such as high bending moment, collision, and grounding. Once she has damage to her hull, her ultimate strength will be reduced. This paper discusses an investigation of the effect of collision damage on the ultimate strength of a ship structure by performing a series of collapse tests. For the experiment, five box-girder models with stiffeners were prepared with a cross section of $720mm\;{\times}\;720mm$ and a length of 900mm. Of the five, one had no damage and four had an ellipse shaped damage area that represented the shape of the bulbous bow of a colliding ship. The amount of damage size was different between models. Among the damaged models, the damage in three of them was made by cutting the plate and stiffener, and in one by pressing to represent collision damage. Experiments were carried out under a pure bending load and the applied load and displacements were recorded. The ultimate strength was reduced as the damage size increased, as expected. The one with the largest amount of damage had damage to 30% of the depth, and its ultimate strength was reduced by 19% compared to the undamaged one. The pressed one has higher ultimate strength than those that were cut. This might be due to the fact that the plate around the pressed damage area contributes to the ultimate strength, whereas the cut one has no plate to contribute.