• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cut-Slope

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Analysis Gabion Works in Cut-slopes Characteristics and Scenic Preference (도로비탈면 돌망태공법의 특성 및 경관선호도 분석)

  • Park, Jae-Hyeon;Kim, Choonsig
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.2
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    • pp.206-212
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to assess the characteristics of gabion on road cut-slopes, and analyze the scenic view preference for the gabion in Korea. 97 gabion sites from road cut-slopes were selected and were classified into 10 application types of gabion. The classification types of gabion were mostly related to the erosion and collapse prevention across road cut-slope. Gabion work sites in this study were classified into 30 sites (31%) for below 10% gradient, followed by 31 sites (32%) for 11~30% gradient, 20 sites (21%) for 31~50% gradient, and 16 sites (16%) for 51~80% gradient. Gabion works were constructed mostly in low gradient than in high gradient. 34 gabion sites (35%) among 97 sites were not covered by vegetation and 52 gabion sites (54%) showed vegetation cover rates of 1~30%. On the scenic preference analysis, public groups understood that the scenic view of gabion in cutting slope can be improved by vegetation cover, whereas expert groups prefer to scenic view of gabion only. However, expert groups encouraged subsequently vegetation covering to improve scenic view during gabion works in cutting slope.

Risk Evaluation of a Road Slope on Hazard Using 3D Scanner (사면재해 평가의 3차원 스캐닝 기법적용)

  • Kwak, Young-Joo;Jang, Yong-Gu;Kang, In-Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.13 no.2 s.32
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2005
  • Recently, slope failures are disastrous when they occur in mountainous area adjoining highways. The accidents associated with Slope failures have increased due to rapid urbanization of mountainous area. Therefore, the inspection of slope is conducted to maintain road safety as well as road function. In this study, we apply to the remedy which is comparing existent description to advanced technology using GIS. we utilize a 3D scanner, one of the advanced method, to generate precise and complete road slope model from expert point of view. In result, we are transferred practical data from external slope stability to hazard slope information. We suggest not only the database but also the method of road risk evaluation based on GIS.

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GIS Management on Risk Evaluation of a Road Slope Using Terrestrial LiDAR (지상 LiDAR를 활용한 접도사면 위험평가에 따른 GIS관리)

  • Jang, Yong Gu;Kwak, Young Joo;Kang, In Joon
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.1D
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    • pp.169-175
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    • 2006
  • Recently, slope failures are disastrous when they occur in mountainous area adjoining highways. The accidents associated with slope failures have increased due to rapid urbanization of mountainous area. Therefore, the inspection of slope is conducted to maintain road safety as well as road function. In this study, we apply to the remedy which is comparing existent description to advanced technology using GIS. We utilize a Terrestrial LiDAR, one of the advanced method, to generate precise and complete road slope model from expert point of view. In result, we extract hazardous slope information from external measurements referring to the evaluation criteria of external slope stability. We suggest not only the database but also the method of road risk evaluation based on internet GIS.

Statistical Study of Failure-Modes around the Pibanryeong Region, Boeun-Gun, Chungbuk (충북 보은군 피반령 부근 절취사면의 파괴양상에 대한 통계학적 연구)

  • Cheong, Sang-Won;Choi, Byoung-Ryol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.517-528
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    • 2009
  • Statistical analyses of cut-slope stability were performed over approximately 5.7 km section along the National road No. 25, which cross-cuts in NW-SE direction the Cheongwon and Boeun-Gun area, Chungbuk. A measure of slope-stability was established by using direct reinforcement and indirect protection methods in whole section. Orientations(dip/dip direction) of the slopes, foliations(bedding), cleavages and joints were measured in total of 30 slope sites. The results analyzed using stereographic projection indicate that major directions of the slopes come out predominantly in three directions: 1) $58^{\circ}/095^{\circ}$, 2) $60^{\circ}/296^{\circ}$ and 3) $59^{\circ}/212^{\circ}$. In analyses of dip direction and frequency of cut-slopes established by reinforcement and protection methods, slopes with dip direction of $80-120^{\circ}$ and $280-320^{\circ}$ mostly occur. However, slopes with dip direction of $0-80^{\circ}$(N and NW) and $120-160^{\circ}$(SE) are not distributed in the study area. Failure aspects were analyzed for three major directions of the slopes, respectively. The results of failure aspects analyzed indicate that slopes in the study area could generate various failures as the results of intersection and/or intersection combination among joints, foliations(bedding) and cleavages. However, possibility of failure in a slope of major direction No. 3 is statistically very low because of low frequency in total number of slopes with the direction and of formation of small scale-slopes geographically, although the slope might generate all aspects of failure-modes.

Development of Improved Rock Bolt for Reinforcement of Fracture Zone in Slope and Tunnel (사면 및 터널에서의 암반 파쇄대 보강을 위한 개량형 록볼트 개발)

  • Kim, Soo-Lo;Kim, Jong-Tae;Park, Seong-Cheol;Kim, Tae-Heok;Kwon, Hyun-Ho;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2010
  • There are many slopes generally developed by excavation and cut slope with small steps on massive slopes of roads. Especially these cut slopes which excavating around fault fracture zone need a reinforcement technology in order to ensure safety. In the case of slope excavation, it is difficult to use the existing slope support at fracture zone because of geological characteristics. Especially the factor of safety decreases significantly due to the movement of blocks in bed rocks and the expansion of interspace of discontinuous planes in fractured zones caused by excavation. Thus an efficient reinforcement technique in accordance with geological properties of fracture zones needs to be developed because the existing slope support has a restricted application. Therefore it is necessary to develop the specialized rock bolt technique in order to ensure an efficient factor of safety for anomalous fracture zones in slopes and tunnels. The purpose of this study is to develop newly improved rock bolt to increase a supporting effect of the swellex bolt method used recently as a friction type in fracture zones.

Estimation of spatial parameters to be included in 3D mapping for long-term forest road management

  • Choi, Sung-Min;Kweon, Hyeongkeun;Lee, Joon-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.727-742
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    • 2020
  • Point cloud-based 3D maps can obtain many kinds of information for maintenance work on forest road networks. This study was conducted to compare the importance of each factor to select the factors required for the mapping of 3D forest road maps. This can be used as basic data for attribute information required to maintain forest road networks. The results of this study found that out of a total of 30 indexes extracted for mapping 3D forest roads, a total of 21 indexes related to stakeholder groups were significantly different. The importance of the index required by the civil service group was significantly higher than that of the other groups overall. In the case of the academic group, the index importance for cut slope, fill slope, and drainage facility was significantly higher. On the other hand, the index importance for the forestry cooperative and forest professional engineer group was mostly distributed between the civil servants' group and the academic group. In particular, the type of drainage system showed the highest value among the detailed indexes. Overall, drainage related factors in this survey had high coefficient values. The impact of water on forest roads was the most important part in road maintenance. In addition, the soil texture had a high value in relation to slope stability. This is thought to be because the texture of the soil affects the stability of the slope.

A Study on Decision of Cut Rock Slope Angle Applied Shear Strength of Continuum Rock Mass Induced from Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion (Hoek-Brown 파괴기준에서 유도된 연속체암반의 전단강도를 적용한 깎기 암반사면 경사 결정 연구)

  • Kim, Hyungmin;Lee, Byokkyu;Woo, Jaegyung;Hur, Ik;Lee, Junki;Lee, Sugon
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2019
  • There are many cuts or natural rock slopes that remain stable for a long time in the natural environment with steep slopes ($65^{\circ}$ to $85^{\circ}$). In terms of design practice, the rock mass consisting of similar rock condition and geological structures is defined as a good continuum rock slope, and during the process of decision making angle of this rock slope, it will be important to establish the geotechnical properties estimating method of the continuum rock on the process of stability analysis in the early stages of design and construction. In this study, the stability analysis of a good continuum rock slope that can be designed as a steep slope proposed a practical method of estimating the shear strength by induced from the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, and in addition, the design applicability was evaluated through the stability analysis of steep rock slope. The existing method of estimating the shear strength was inadequate for practical use in the design, as the equivalent M-C shear strength corresponding to the H-B envelope changes sensitively, even with small variations in confining stress. To compensate for this problem, it was proposed to estimate equivalent M-C shear strength by iso-angle division method. To verify the design applicability of the iso-angle division method, the results of the safety factor and the displacement according to the change in angle of the cut slope constructed at the existing working design site were reviewed. The safety factor is FS=16~59 on the 1:0.5 slope, FS=12~52 on the 1:0.3 slope, most of which show a 10~12 percent reduction. Displacement is 0.126 to 0.975 mm on the 1:0.5 slope, 0.152 to 1.158 mm on the 1:0.3 slope, and represents an increase of 10 to 15%. This is a slightly change in normal proportion and is in good condition in terms of stability. In terms practical the working design, it was confirmed that applying the shear strength estimated by Iso-angle division method derived from the H-B failure criterion as a universal shear strength for a good continuum rock mass slope was also able to produce stable and economic results. The procedure for stability analysis using LEM (Limit Equilibrium Analysis Method) and FEM (Finite Element Analysis Method) will also be practical in the rock slope where is not distributed fault. The study was conducted by selecting the slope of study area as a good rock condition, establishing a verification for which it can be applied universal to a various rock conditions will be a research subject later on.

Measures to Reduce Mine Hazards Caused by Open- cut Mining of Limestone Mines (석회석광산에서 노천채굴에 따른 광해 발생을 감소시키기 위한 대책)

  • Won, Yeon-Ho;Ah, Jin-Man
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2006
  • Most of limestone mines in Korea have been developed by a open-cut mining method in consideration of a deposited condition of ore, ore recovery, safety, economic efficiency, etc.. But it has produced environmental problems such as dust flying, blasting noise & vibration, and spoil of farmlands due to slope failure of waste rock mass caused by access road construction, fragmentation & crush of rocks, blasting, transportation, and mineral processing. In this study, it has been suggested for measures to reduce mine hazards caused by open- cut mining of limestone nines.

Slope Movement Detection using Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN을 이용한 사면거동 탐지)

  • Chang, K.T.;Ho, Albert;Jung, Chun-Suk;Jung, Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 2008
  • More than 70% of Korea consists of mountainous area and during the construction of roads and railroads many cut-slopes are inevitably formed. A number of environmental factors, such as the rainy season and frost heave during winter/thaw during spring, can result in rock falls and landslides. The failure of slopes is increasing every year and can cause damage to vehicles, personal injury and even fatality. In order to help protect people and property, there is a need for real-time monitoring systems to detect the early stages of slope failures. In this respect, the GMG has been using Translation Rotation Settlement (TRS) sensor units installed on slopes to monitor movement in real-time. However, the data lines of this system are vulnerable and the whole system can be damaged by a single lightning strike. In order to overcome this, GMG have proposed the use of Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN). The adoption of a USN system in lieu of data cables can help to minimize the risk of lightning damage and improve the reliability of slope monitoring systems.

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Soft Sedimentary Rock Slopes Design of Diversion Tunnel

  • Jee, Warren Wangryul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.63-79
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    • 2007
  • Several remedial works were attempted to stabilize the collapsed area of the inlet slopes of diversion tunnel, but prevention of any further movement was being only carried out at beginning stage by filling the area with aggregates and rock debris, after several cracks had been initiated and developed around the area. The extra specialty developed folding zone is consisted with highly weathered Greywacke and Black shale. The suggested solution is to improve the properties of the rock mass of failed area by choosing the optimum level of reinforcement through the increment of slope rock support design so as to control the movement of slopes during the re-excavation. The Bakun hydroelectric project includes the construction of a hydroelectric power plant with an installed capacity of 2,520MW and a power transmission system connecting to the existing transmission networks in Sarawak and Western Malaysia. The power station will consist of a 210m height Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam. During the construction of the dam and the power facilities the Balui River has to be diverted of the tunnels is 12m and the tunnel width is 16m at the portal area. This paper describes the stability analysis and design methods for the open cut rock slopes in the inlet area of the diversion tunnels. The geotechnical parameters employed in stability calculations were given as a function of four defined Rock Mass Type (RMT) which were based on RMR system from Bieniawski. The stability calculations procedure of the rock slopes are divided into two stages. In the first stage, it is calculated for the stability of each "global" slope without any rock support and shotcrete system. In the second stage, it is calculated for each "local" slope stability with berms and supported with rock bolts and shotcrete. The monitoring instrumentation was performed continuously and some of the design modification was carried out in order to increase the safety of failed area based on the unforeseen geological risks during the open cut excavation.

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