• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2022

Clinical research ultimately aimed to promptly diagnose and prevent diseases through precise biomarker development. Finding the optimal cut-off point of a regularly measured biomarker can help its interpretation and ultimately help in disease investigation and diagnosis, more specifically in determining the presence of diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to use the characteristics of outcome variables in clinical research to explain how to determine the optimal cutoff point. The outcome variables can be divided into dichotomous, ordinal, and survival types. The optimal cut-off point can be determined by finding points that maximize the Youden index, extended Youden index, and log-rank statistics. This study will enable clinical researchers to accurately determine the optimal cut-off points for regularly measured biomarkers, thereby enabling prompt disease diagnosis for effective treatment.

• 지질공학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2010

투수성이 낮은 매질로 설치되는 차수벽(Cut-off wall)은 댐 지역 비상여수로 터널 지역에서 지하수의 흐름을 차단하기 위한 기능을 갖는다. 임하댐의 3개 비상여수로 터널 입구부에 차수벽 설치시 지하수 유입의 차단 효과를 평가하기 위하여 MODFLOW 모델링을 활용하였다. 규모와 설치 방향 등을 고려하여 3가지 차수벽 설치 방안이 검토되었는데, 모델링을 통하여 추정된 비상여수로 터널내로 유입되는 지하수량은 약 64.26~65.49 $m^3/day$이며, 이중에서 차수벽 구간을 통과하여 유입되는 지하수량은 약 44.08~45.31 $m^3/day$로서 방안별로 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구지역에서는 방안별 차수 효과보다는 시공성, 환경파괴의 최소성 등을 고려하여 최적의 차수벽 설치 방안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to assess th iron nutritional status of pregnant women and to evaluate the appropriateness of the present cut off levels of hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) for assessing iron deficiency status. Pregnant women who were visiting public helath centers in Ulsan were interviewed and agreed to attend the study. Blood sample was taken and biochemical analysis of blood was performed. The collected data were classified into 3 trimesters by gestational age and then statistical analysis was performed. The prevalence of anemia in all subjects was 32.3% by WHO criteria(Hgb < 11.0g/dl) and 17.8% of all subjects was iron deficient anemia by CDC criteria(Hgb < 11.0/dl and serum ferritin < 12.0ug/l). Since the iron deficient anemia generally occures at the last stage of iron deficiency, it is not efficient to diagnose and prevent the iron deficient anemia in pregnant women by using the present cut off level of Hgb. Therefore, the new cut off level of iron status indices is necessary for assessing iron deficiency in early pregnancy before manifestation of anemia and for reducing the prevalence of anemia in later pregnancy. For this reason, the present cut off levels of iron status indices were estimated and compared by assessing the iron deficiency judged by serum ferritin level (<12.0ug/l)as true iron deficiency. It follows from the results of this research that present cut off levels of Hgb, Hct and TIBC were very insensitive in identifying the subjection with iron deficiency. The appropriate cut off levels of Hgb were 11.5g/dl for total period of pregnancy, 12.0g/dl for 1st and 3rd trimester, and 11.5g/dl for 2nd trimester. The cut off level of Hct was 34.0% for total period for pregnancy, 35.0% for 1st trimester, and 34.0% for 2nd and 3rd trimester. The cut off level of TIBC was 400ug/dl for total period, 360ug/dl for 1st 2nd trimester, and 450ug/dl for 3rd trimester.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2021

Background: Smoking exposure may be objectively assessed through specific biomarkers. The most common biomarker for smoking is cotinine concentration in urine, and setting an optimal cut-off point can accurately classify smoking status. Such a cut-off point for Korean adolescents has never been studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine a cut-off point for urinary cotinine concentration for the discrimination of smoking in adolescents. Methods: Participants were adolescents aged 13~18 years who participated in the third cycle of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. We used urine samples to confirm the level of cotinine concentrations. Smoking status was determined by self-reported questionnaire. We identified the optimal cotinine cut-off point for discriminating smoking status using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Of the 904 participants, 28 (3.1%) were smokers, among whom 20 (71.4%) were male. The median urinary cotinine concentrations in smokers was 218 ㎍/L (male: 215 ㎍/L, female: 303 ㎍/L), and that in non-smokers was 1.31 ㎍/L (male: 1.46 ㎍/L, female: 1.18 ㎍/L). We found significant differences in urinary cotinine concentration according to smoking status and sex (p<0.001). Urinary cotinine concentrations performed well for identifying smoking adolescents [area under the curve: 0.954 (male: 0.963, female: 0.908)]. The cut-off that optimally distinguished smokers from non-smokers was 39.85 ㎍/L (sensitivity: 89.3%, specificity: 97.4%). Male [39.85 ㎍/L (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 94.9%)] had a different optimal cut-off point than female [26.26 ㎍/L (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 99.6%)]. Conclusions: This study determined a cut-off point for urinary cotinine of 39.85 ㎍/L (male: 39.85 ㎍/L, female: 26.26 ㎍/L) to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in adolescents.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2004

사업체조사에서 절사법이 흔히 이용되고 있다. 이 경우, 절사되는 사업체가 모집단에서 차지하는 비중이 모집단 전체에 비하여 매우 작다. 따라서 절사층에 속한 사업체는 목표모집단에서 제외되고, 나머지 부분에 대한 추정만이 이루어지고 있다. 이는 목표모집단 총계 추정에 영향을 작게 미치는 사업체 정보를 활용하지 않겠다는 의미이며, 더불어 작은 사업체에 응답 부담을 덜어 주겠다는 의도로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 예산의 부담을 덜기 위해서 절사층의 크기를 증가시키는 것은 목표모집단의 모수 추정에 상당한 편의를 제공한다는 점을 간과해서는 안 된다. 본 연구에서는 사례를 이용하여 모집단을 절사층, 표본층, 전수층으로 구분하고, 보조변수를 이용하여 절사층을 추정하는 방법을 보였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 추가적인 광학부품 및 조립공정 없이 차량용 헤드램프의 cut-off line에서 발생하는 색수차를 보정하는 방법과 이를 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 기하학적인 방법으로 색수차를 보정하기 위해 비구면 프로젝션 렌즈의 볼록면에 tilt를 적용하여 파장별 최대 출사각도의 차이를 줄였으며, 색수차를 평가하기 위한 위치와 광도를 정하고 색 좌표를 통해 색수차 기준을 제시하였다. 이러한 기하학적인 방법을 이용하여 설계된 자동차용 헤드램프를 평가한 결과 cut-off line의 색수차가 상당히 감소되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2000

This study seeks what kind of factors influence to locate dwellings and to establish scenic spots in nature by a case study focused on a meandering stream. The study specially concentrates on the interrelationship between both residences and beautiful sceneries and a meander cut-off-area that reveals a special topographical characteristics, located at Samji village in Youngyang-eup, Youngyang-gun, Koungsangbuk-do. The meander cut-off area, developed at the middle or upper reaches of a river, often makes up specific landscapes such as precipitous cliffs, sheer cliffs and caves. And the area where is specially created by sudden change of flow due to erosion ;perceived by the cut surface to be the most beautiful scenic spot. These beautiful landscapes were used to be called as Dae, Dam or Gul and managed by Confucian scholars who enjoy refined taste and devote themselves to the study in nature. Moreover, the Ku-Hado-literary means the area of ex-flow-made the scholars' lving with a well prepared basis for agriculture where supplied a cornucopia of organic matters and water. The merit of agriculture made it possible that the scholars became economically independent, and the fact might be the essential point why the meander cut-off area took noticed. Actually, Cho-family has been in Smaji Village for generations, producing a large number of scholars and keeping the actual power of the region. The physical shape of the meander cut-off area, cozily surrounded by mountains, is considered as a good place for the dwelling due to the influence of traditional sight of view for location and P'ungsuchiri which is known as Feng Shui in China and geomancy in the western world. It is a fruit in it own way that we could find the ancestors' discernment and wisdom from this study, who have lived their lives adapting themselves to the given natural environment and also utilizing the nature wisely. But this is a current-argued study on the meander cut-off area. Follow-up studies have to be continued about the landscapes of the meander streams and the meander cut-off areas scattered all over the country except Samji Village and draw the characteristics from the comparative analysis.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1982

In the mixed layer when the frequency approaches the cut-off frequency for the first mode of notmalmode theory, sound ceases to be trapped. Based on the data of surface sound velocities abtained during the period of 16 years in the Sea of Japan. A new cut-off frequency coefficient in the surface duct that will determine the miximum wave length for duct transimission of underwater sound has been calculated.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2000년도 제15회 학술강연회논문초록집
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

Thrust Cut-Off 시스템은 로켓 발사체의 분리시의 충격에 의한 비행방향오차 및 비행거리를 감소하고 Pay-Load 부에 추진력을 증가시키고 분리된 추진 기관부의 낙하위치 예측을 용이하게 한다. 이와 같이 중요한 역할을 하게되는 Thrust Cut-Off 시스템에서 스냅링은 핵심적인 역할을 하게 된다. 정상적인 추진체의 작동 시에는 고압의 연소가스를 지탱하고 분리 시에는 쉽게 분리되어 연소가스를 역 분사 시켜야한다.(중략)

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2010

Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlations between the indices of obesity and percentage body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA). Also, this study was designed to define the cut off values of percentage body fat by BIA which would represent BMI and degree of obesity in order to detect overweight and obesity in preschool children. Methods The height and weight of 683 children aged four to six years old were measured. Also, percentages of body fat were measured by BIA. Results There were high correlations between the boy's body fat percentages and degree of obesity(r=790). Also, there were high correlations between the girl's body fatpercentages and BMI(r=778). The cut off values of body fat percentage, which would correspond to those of BMI percentiles, were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To classify as an overweight, the correspondent cut off values of body fat percentage were 19.55% in boys and 22.35% in girls. For obesity, the cut off values were 28.80% in boys and 27.60% in girls. The cut off values of body fat percentage, which would correspond to degree of obesity were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To classify as an overweight, the correspondent cut off values of body fat percentage were 19.75% in boys and 22.35% in girls. For obesity, the cut off values were 29.05% in boys and 28.75% in girls. Conclusions According to the BMI criteria by the Korean pediatrics society in 2007, the most appropriate cut off values of body fat percentage in for four to six years old children were follows; for boys, 19.55% considered as overweight, and 28.80% as obese while for girls, 22.35% considered as overweight and 27.60% as obese. According to suggested degree of obesity criteria, the most appropriate cut off values of body fat percentage in for four to six old children were were follows; For boys, 19.75% was considered as overweight, and 29.05% as obesity. For girls, 22.35% was considered as overweight, and 28.75% as obese.