• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.504-514
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• 2020

This study improves the dimensional suitability of nail tip products by reviewing the type of fingernail as seen among adult women in Korea. Subjects were 147 adult women ranging from age 20 to 40. Direct fingernails measurements were made using digital Vernier calipers and a curvature gauge. Data on various fingernail shapes were collected through indirect measurements using photography to reveal the shape characteristics of each fingernail types. In this sense, data were analyzed by statistical methods with the use of factor analysis. There were various factors considered to classify extracted fingernail types such as five factors (for the thumb), four factors (index, middle, and little fingers), and three factors (for the ring finger). The cluster analysis resulted in three types. Type 1 is a 'Square' shape characterized with wide fingernails, low height, flat, and low curvature of the cuticle line. Type 2 is 'U-round' shape characterized with narrow fingernails, high height, convex, and the highest curvature of the cuticle line. Type 3 is a 'Round' shape in which the fingernails are wide, high in height, convex, and characterized with a medium curvature of the cuticle line. The results are useful for companies that develop the free edge shape of fingernails for consumer products. The measured values of fingernail can be applied to the shape and lake setting of the nail tip product, depending on type of fingernail.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.307-322
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• 2014

A two-step procedure to detect and quantify damages in structures from changes in curvature mode shapes is presented here. In the first step the maximum difference in curvature mode shapes of the undamaged and damaged structure are used for visual identification of the damaged internal-substructure. In the next step, the identified substructures are searched using unified particle swarm optimization technique for exact identification of damage location and amount. Efficiency of the developed procedure is demonstrated using beam like structures. This methodology may be extended for identifying damages in general frame structures.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.962-965
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• 2008

2-D shape descriptors, which are vectors representing characteristics of shapes, enable comparison and classification of shapes and are mainly applied to image and 3-D model retrieval. Existing descriptors have limitations that they only describe shapes of single closed contours or lack in precision, making it difficult to be applied to shapes with multiple contours. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new shape descriptor called Multi-Curvature-Scale Space that can be applied to shapes with multiple contours. Specifically, we represent the topology of the sub-contours in the multi-contour along with Curvature-Scale Space descriptors to represent the shapes of each sub-contours. Also, by allowing the weight of each component to be controlled when computing the distance between descriptors the weight, we deal with ambiguities in measuring similarity between shapes. Results of various experiments that prove the effectiveness of proposed descriptor are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.215-219
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• 2009

For the effective manufacture of doubly curved metal plates, a line array roll set (LARS) process is proposed. The suggested process utilizes a pair of upper and lower symmetric roll assemblies. In the process, the initial plate is progressed into the final shape in a stepwise or pathwise manner according to the basic principle of the incremental forming process. In this work, the intermediate shape which is closest to a final shape is proposed to fabricate the desired shape effectively in design of forming schedule. The intermediate shape has homogeneous curvature in a longitudinal and transverse direction so that it can be fabricated easily without complicated controls of rolls in the roll set. The method of approximation using genetic algorithm is proposed and applied to some actual ship hulls to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2008

I present a 3-D profiler specially devised for the profile measurement of specular surfaces that requires precision shape accuracy up to a few nanometer. A profile is reconstructed from the curvature of a test part of the surface at several locations along a line. The local curvature data are acquired with White-light Scanning Interferometry. Test measurement proves that the proposed profiler is well suited for the specular surface inspection like precision mirror.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.273-293
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• 2016

In this paper, we obtain that every biharmonic non-degenerate hypersurfaces in semi-Euclidean space $E^5_s$ with constant scalar curvature of diagonal shape operator has zero mean curvature.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

This study had the goal of investigating the effect of the curvature along the heating line on the transverse angular distortion of plates having an initial curvature from line heating. A thermo-elasto-plastic analysis was carried out using 54 models with various radii of curvature, plate thicknesses, and heating speeds. The results show the effect of the curvature along the heating line on the angular distortion in relation to changes in the magnitudes of the curvature, heating speed, and plate thickness. The present numerical results show that the time history of the angular distortion after cooling and reaching the final deformed shape for a plate having an initial curvature is quite different from that of a flat plate. This emphasized the importance of considering the curvature effect on the transverse angular distortion. From the viewpoint of the curvature effect on the deformation, it has been seen that the curvature does not affect the transverse shrinkage. In this study the predicting formula for the transverse angular distortion was derived through a regression analysis. It showed that as the curvature increased, the angular distortion was reduced because of the higher bending rigidity at the same heat input parameter, and the peak points moved toward the origin as the curvature increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.3 s.35
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• pp.183-195
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• 1990

The author has studied the effect of clothes design to mask the dorsal curvature that is one of the commonest changes in elderly women. Body measurements including the body type and the status of dorsal curvature were perfor-med on 153 women of over 60 years of age, and then a body form to fit to the mean measure-ments was made to evaluate the effects of various designs to it. With 31 pattern designs modified by changing in their slash lines and gathers using darts, the diminishing effect of the rounded back were evaluated by means of sensory test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: I . Results from the body measurements 1) The mean body type in elderly women was that of obesity. 2) With the advancement of age, the angle to indicate the degree of dorsal curvature as well as the angle to indicate the posture are increased. II . Concerning to the clothes design to diminish the shape of dorsal curvature 1) Among the designs by the position of darts, the basic pattern (Fig. 5-1-(1)) showed the best effect to mask the shape of dorsal curvature. 2) Out of the applied designs of princess lines, that in which the slash line is pointing toward the shoulder point (Fig. 5-2-(1)) seemed to be most effective. 3) What has angled princess line (Fig. 5-3-(1)) had the most diminishing effect among the waist darts and armhole princess lines. 4) Among the V-shaped designs, the slashed at the shoulder point (Fig. 5-4-(1)) had the best effect to lessen the shape of the dorsal cuuature. 5) Wider angle yoke had better effect to the narrow angle one among the designs with straight yoke, and that with downward direction (Fig. 5-5-(1)) showed the best effect. 6) Between straight wide angle yoke and curved yoke, that of curved one with downward direction (Fig. 5-6-(1)) had better effect as far as the masking effect of dorsal curvature is concerned. 7) Gathers around the neck showed better effect to those around the shoulder, and the more amount of gathers (Fig. 5-7-(1)), there was better effect. 8) The design with midline gathers at the level of horizontal slash line of armhole (Fig. 5-8-(1)) showed better effect to that with seperated gathers. 9) In case of design with gathers at the horizontal line of armhole, it showed the better effect with less amount of gathers in midline ones, but with more amount in the side ones. 10) Considering all 7 different designs with better effect in covering the shape of dorsal curvature, it was evident that the design with gathers was far better than the design with application of slash lines.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 1999

Systematic distortions in perceived 3-D shape were obtained for elliptical and parabolic stereoscopic surfaces viewed at different distances under full and reduced cue conditions. In both conditions of Experiments 1 and 3, elliptical hemi-cylinders a appeared near veridical at the 45 cm viewing distances and flattened up to 74% of veridical at 135 cm. In Experiment 2, under full cue conditions, parabolic hemi-cylinders a appeared stretched to 118% of veridical at 45 cm, near veridical at 90 cm, and flattened to 85% of veridical at 135 cm. Under reduced cue conditions parabolas appeared flatter overall: veridical curvature was obtained at 45 cm viewing distance with flatness increasing to 68% of veridical at 135 cm. Results support a scaling explanation of perceived 3-D shape from disparity and rule out the alternative hypothesis that disparity curvature, an optical invariant, provides information for the direct perception of 3-D s shape.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.479-484
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to compensate the elastic recovery in the flexible forming process using the predictive models. The target shape was limited to two-dimensional shape having only one curvature radius in the longitudinal-direction. In order to predict the shape error the regression and neural network models were established based on the finite element (FE) simulations. A series of simulations were conducted considering input variables such as the elastic pad thickness, the thickness of plate, and the objective curvature radius. Then, at sampling points in the longitudinal-direction, the shape errors between formed and objective shapes could be calculated from the FE simulations as an output variable. These shape errors were expressed to a representative error value by the root mean square error (RMSE). To obtain the correct objective shape the die shape was adjusted by the closed-loop using the neural network model since the neural network model shows a higher capability of estimating the shape error than the regression model. Finally the experimental result shows that the formed shape almost agreed with the objective shape.