• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.565-578
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• 2018

This research article reported the nonlinear finite solutions of the nonlinear flexural strength and stress behaviour of nano sandwich graded structural shell panel under the combined thermomechanical loading. The nanotube sandwich structural model is derived mathematically using the higher-order displacement polynomial including the full geometrical nonlinear strain-displacement equations via Green-Lagrange relations. The face sheets of the sandwich panel are assumed to be carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite with temperature dependent material properties. Additionally, the numerical model included different types of nanotube distribution patterns for the sandwich face sheets for the sake of variable strength. The required equilibrium equation of the graded carbon nanotube sandwich structural panel is derived by minimizing the total potential energy expression. The energy expression is further solved to obtain the deflection values (linear and nonlinear) via the direct iterative method in conjunction with finite element steps. A computer code is prepared (MATLAB environment) based on the current higher-order nonlinear model for the numerical analysis purpose. The stability of the numerical solution and the validity are verified by comparing the published deflection and stress values. Finally, the nonlinear model is utilized to explore the deflection and the stresses of the nanotube-reinforced (volume fraction and distribution patterns of carbon nanotube) sandwich structure (different core to face thickness ratios) for the variable type of structural parameter (thickness ratio, aspect ratio, geometrical configurations, constraints at the edges and curvature ratio) and unlike temperature loading.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.303-324
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• 2004

The Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) has established itself as a sound paradigm in the software engineering discipline and has gained wide spread acceptance in the industry. The CBSD relies on the availability of standard software components for encapsulation of specific functionality. This paper presents the framework for the development of a software component for the design of general member cross-sections. The proposed component can be used in component-based structural engineering software or as a stand-alone program developed around the component. This paper describes the use-case scenarios for the component, its design patterns, object models, class hierarchy, the integrated and unified handling of cross-section behavior and implementation issue. It is expected that a component developed using the proposed patterns and model can be used in analysis, design and detailing packages to handle reinforced concrete, partially prestressed concrete, steel-concrete composite and steel sections. The component can provide the entire response parameters of the cross section including determination of geometric properties, elastic stresses, flexural capacity, moment-curvature, and ductility ratios. The component can also be used as the main computational engine for stand-alone section design software. The component can be further extended to handle the retrofitting and strengthening of cross-sections, shear and torsional response, determination of fire-damage parameters, etc.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.24-40
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• 1997

선체에 부착되는 부가물 주위의 유동 개선에 응용하기 위하여 평판과 스트럿이 만나는 접합부 주위에 fillet을 설치할 때 스트럿 주위의 유동이 어떤 영향을 받는 지를 수치계산을 통하여 살펴보았다. 높이 폭 비 및 곡률이 서로 다픈 5가지 형상의 fillet을 스트럿의 앞날 부근에 설치하고 각 경우에 대하여 스트럿에 작용하는 항력 및 스트럿의 후류를 계산하고 이를 비교하였다. 계산방법으로는 N-S 방정식을 풀기 위하여 MAC 방법이 사용되었고 유동은 Reynolds수 5000으로 층류이다. 계산결과 높이-폭 비가 작을 수록, 스트럿의 선단에서 만들어지는 horseshoe 보오텍스의 크기와 형상이 비슷할수록 그리고 오목한 곡률을 갖는 fillet이 스트럿의 항력 감소 및 후류를 균일하게 하는데 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

This paper presents an optimization method to determine the shoulder height of an angular contact ball bearing by 3D contact analysis using nondimensional-shaped variables. The load analysis of the ball bearing is performed to calculate the internal load distributions and contact angles of each rolling element. From the results of bearing load analysis and the contact geometry between the ball and inner/outer raceway, 3D contact analyses using influence function are conducted. The nondimensional shoulder height and nondimensional load are defined to give the generalized results. The relationship between the shoulder height and radius of curvature of the shoulder under various loading conditions is investigated in order to propose a design method for the two design parameters. Using nondimensional parameters, the critical shoulder heights are optimized with loads, contact angles, and conformity ratios. We also develop contour maps of the critical shoulder height as functions of internal loads and contact angles for the different contact angles using nondimensional parameters. The results show that the dimensionless shoulder height increased as the contact angle and dimensionless load increased. Conversely, when the conformity ratio increased, the critical shoulder height decreased. Therefore, if the contact angle is reduced and the conformity ratio is increased within the allowable range, it will be an efficient design to reduce the shoulder height of ball bearings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2019

Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear walls are widely used in Nuclear power plants as effective lateral force resisting elements of the structure and these may experience nonlinear behavior for higher earthquake demand. Short shear walls of aspect ratio less than 1.5 generally experience combined shear flexure interaction. This paper presents the results of the displacement-controlled experiments performed on six RC short shear walls with varying aspect ratios (1, 1.25 and 1.5) for monotonic and reversed quasi-static cyclic loading. Simulation of the shear walls is then carried out by Finite element modeling and also by macro modeling considering the coupled shear and flexure behaviour. The shear response is estimated by softened truss theory using the concrete model given by Vecchio and Collins (1994) with a modification in softening part of the model and flexure response is estimated using moment curvature relationship. The accuracy of modeling is validated by comparing the simulated response with experimental one. Moreover, based on the experimental work a multi-linear hysteretic model is proposed for short shear walls. Finally ultimate load, drift, ductility, stiffness reduction and failure pattern of the shear walls are studied in details and hysteretic energy dissipation along with damage index are evaluated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.435-445
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• 2019

The collapses of curved bridges are mainly caused by the damaged columns, subjected to the combined loadings of axial load, shear force, flexural moment and torsional moment, under earthquakes. However, these combined loadings have not been fully investigated. This paper firstly investigated the mechanical characteristics of the bending-torsion coupling effects, based on the seismic response spectrum analysis of 24 curved bridge models. And then 9 reinforced concrete (RC) and circular column specimens were tested, by changing the bending-tortion ratio (M/T), axial compression ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and spiral reinforcement ratio, respectively. The results show that the bending-torsion coupling effects of piers are more significant, along with the decrease of girder curvature and the increase of pier height. The M/T ratio ranges from 6 to 15 for common cases, and influences the crack distribution, plastic zone and hysteretic curve of piers. And these seismic characteristics are also influenced by the compression ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and spiral reinforcement ratios of piers.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2020

사상체질별 체형 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 대상자들의 체질을 사상 체질 진단 도구인 SCAT와 민간인 전문가에 의해 판정하고 결과가 일치하는 대상자의 8개 부위 신체둘레와 이들의 비율을 분석하였다. SCAT와 전문가의 체질 판정 일치율은 남녀 각각 33.0 %, 41.5 %이었으며, 소양인의 일치 비율이 가장 낮았다. 사상체질에 따른 신체둘레 비율 특성은 남성보다 여성에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 여성의 이마/목, 가슴/장골, 늑골/장골, 늑골/곡골 둘레 비율은 SCAT, 전문가 모두에서 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. 체질 판정에 있어서 둘레를 측정하는 것 보다 특정 둘레 사이의 비율을 측정하는 것이 더 의미 있는 기준이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2022

In order to determine fragility curves, the limit state of piers for each damage level is suggested in this paper based on the previous test results in Korea, including our test results. In previous studies, the quantitative measures for damage levels of piers have been represented by curvature ductility, lateral drift ratio, or displacement ductility. These measures are transformed to lateral drift ratios of piers for consistency, and the transformed values are compared and verified with our push-over test results for flexural RC piers with a circular cross-section. The test specimens are categorized concerning the number of lap-splices in the plastic hinge region and whether seismic design codes are satisfied or not. Based on the collected test results in Korea, including ours, the lateral drift ratio for each pier damage level is suggested.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2021

Flexible risers are usually used as conveying systems to bring ocean resources from sea bed up to onshore. Under ocean environments, risers need to bear complex loads and it is crucial to comprehensively examine riser's configurations and to analyze structural dynamic performances under excitation of bottom vehicle motions, to guarantee structural safe operation and required service lives. In this study, considering a saddle-shaped riser, the influences of some important design parameters, including installation position of buoyancy modules, buoyancy ratio and motion of mining vehicle, on riser's configuration and response are carefully examined. Through our FEM simulations, the spatial distributions of structural tensions and curvatures along of riser length, under different configurations, are compared. Then, the impacts of mining vehicle motion on riser dynamic response are discussed, and structural tolerance performance is assessed. The results show that modules installation position and buoyancy ratio have significant impacts on riser configurations. And, an appropriate riser configuration is obtained through comprehensive analysis on the modules positions and buoyancy ratios. Under this proposed configuration, the structural tension and curvature could moderately change with buoyancy modules and bottom-end conditions, in other words, the proposed saddle-shaped riser has a good tolerance performance to various load excitations.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2003

두꺼운 축대칭 쌍곡형 쉘의 고유진동수를 결정하는 3차원 해석법이 제시되었다. 수학적으로 2차원적인 전통적인 쉘 이론과는 달리, 본 연구의 해석법은 3차원적인 동탄성방정식을 근간으로 하였다. 반경방향, 원주방향, 축방향으로의 변위성분인 u/sub r/, u/sub θ/, u/sub z/를 시간에 대해서는 정현적으로, θ에 대해서는 주기적으로, r과 z방향으로는 대수 다항식으로 표현하였다. 쌍곡형 쉘의 위치(변형률)에너지와 운동에너지를 정식화하고 리츠법을 사용하여 고유치문제를 해결하였으며, 진동수의 최소화과정을 통해 고유진동수를 엄밀해의 상위경계치로 구하였다. 대수 다항식의 차수가 증가하면 진동수는 엄밀해에 수렴하게 된다. 축대칭 쌍곡형 쉘의 하위 5개의 진동수에 대해서 유효숫자 4자리까지의 수렴성 연구가 이루어졌다. 쌍곡형 쉘의 서로 다른 2개의 두께 비, 3개 의 축비(axis ratio), 3개의 shv이 비를 가진 총 18개의 형상을 지닌 자유 경계의 축대칭 쌍곡형 쉘의 수치결과를 도표화하였다. 프와송 비( ν)는 0.3으로 고정하였다. 본 연구의 해석법은 매우 두꺼운 쉘 뿐만 아니라 얇은 쉘에도 적용이 가능하다.