• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.949-956
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• 1998

Salicylate from plant foods and histamine from animal foods have been suggested to cause various food allergic symptoms. Salicylate regarded as one of the inducing agents f3r chronic urticaria and asthma in allergic patients was studied. There is much interest about the effects of salicylate in food allergy. It it recently suggested that the intake of salicylate from foods may have contributed to chronic urticaria and asthma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the salicylate content in various foods. 153 ingredients commonly used in Korean foods were analyzed by HPLC. Among the vegetables, chard(8.22$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), soybean sprout(5.13$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), perilla lean3.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Chinese cabbage(2.25$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), carrot(2.16$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), and squash(1.33$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) con-rained higher amounts of salicylate as compared to other vegetables. Among fruits, oranges(5.13$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), grapefruits(2.90$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), and plums(1.65$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) contained the most. In animal foods, almost no salicylate was found except in chocolate milk(0.32$\mu\textrm{g}$/g). It was also found in black pepper(8.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), coffee(can)(5.00$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), mustard(4.16$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), curry powder(3.24$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), kochujang(2.37$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), cream powder(1.19$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), brown rice(1.04$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and sesame oil(1.00$\mu\textrm{g}$/g). All information found in this study can be used as nutritional education materials in potentially allergic people for a prudent diet plan and can also provide proper dietary guidelines for these allergic patients. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) 949-956, 1998)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and acceptability of curried rice containing cheonggukjang powder for the using in a high school foodservice menu. The viscosity of the curry sauce with cheonggukjang powder was not significantly different between the control and 15% sample group. As the level of cheonggukjang powder was increased, the Hunter's L value increased, whereas the a value decreased. In the results of the acceptance test, the 15% group was not significantly different from the control group. Therefore, the 15% group was selected based on the acceptance test for use by the school foodservice industry. There was no significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.01) in the acceptance test of curried rice with cheonggukjang powder in terms of flavor, color, aroma, density of sauce, overall acceptability. In regards to the reason why boys and girls did not consume the curried rice, 'because of unfavorable taste' (51.0%), ranked highest followed by 'because of other' (34.2%). In conclusion, there was a high food acceptance food when cheonggukjang powder was added to curried rice. Also, it is necessary to increase the preference and consumption of cheonggukjang foods and through the development of proper recipes that contain cheonggukjang and through combination with other food ingredients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2013

In this study, the quick HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous separation of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybuthylimidazole (THI) and 4-(5)-methylimidazole (4-MI) in alkaline medium was used for caramel color and processed foods in Korea. After a simple sample pretreatment, 51 4-MI-labeled samples were positive for 4-MI and 2 also contained THI. The concentration of 4-MI was 260.5~24, $499.3{\mu}g/kg$ in caramel color, less than $LOD{\sim}1,712.5{\mu}g/kg$ in sauce, 1,242.3, $5,972.2{\mu}g/kg$ in balsamic vinegar, $2,118.3{\sim}5,802.4{\mu}g/kg$ in complex seasoning, $82.7{\sim}5,110.6{\mu}g/kg$ in curry, and $29.9{\sim}464.4{\mu}g/kg$ in soft drinks. The recovery rate of 4-MI was 97.1~111.0% in sauce and 81.9~110.0% in powder and that of THI was 83.6{\sim}106.4% in sauce and 61.2{\sim}99.4% in powder. Our results concluded a safe amount of 4-MI and THI compared to the limit of Korea additive code but the processed foods do not have a limit of caramel color and 4-MI in Korea. Therefore, research and monitoring of 4-MI and THI is needed for processed foods in Korea.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2011

미국산 복합 분말 조미료에 기초하여 수출용 고부가가치 고추 가공 제품으로 생선용 복합 분말 조미료를 개발하였다. 한국산 고춧가루와 한국 고유의 재료인 유자, 버섯, 그리고 마늘을 첨가하여 짠맛과 단맛, 매운맛을 조화롭게 하여 맛의 차별화를 유도하였고, 생선의 비린내를 제거하였다. 수출용 생선 복합 분말 조미료 AI는 한국산 고춧가루(20%), 오레가노, 파슬리, 타임, 흑후추 등의 총 허브류(31.7%), 소금(11.5%), 유자(2.8%), 버섯(8.6%), 마늘(5.8%)의 식품 재료로 구성되었고, 그 외 파프리카, 설탕, 올리브 오일 등을 첨가하여 제조하였다. 미국인을 대상으로 한 기호도 평가에서 개발된 샘플(AI)은 미국산 복합 분말 조미료 제품보다 선호도가 높게 평가되었다.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2021

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the three different calorie types of HMR curry rice using fermented turmeric were analyzed in this study. The general tumeric added sample groups showed significantly higher carbohydrate content than the fermented turmeric sample group. In all sample groups, the ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrate was found to be appropriate according to the nutritional composition ratio as one meal recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The brightness L value of the general turmeric-added sample group was measured to be significantly brighter than the fermented turmeric-added sample group. The fermented turmeric sample group showed a slightly lower pH value than the general sample group due to organic acids generated during fermentation. As a result of analyzing the radical scavenging activity of ABTS, LFTC, MFTC, and HFTC of the fermented turmeric group were 40.20, 40.46, and 36.16%, respectively, compared to those 32.41, 37.75, and 36.16% of LNTC, MNTC and FNTC of the general sample groups, respectively, consistently indicating that more free radicals were generated in the fermented sample group (p<0.01). Relatively unstable to heat and acid, DPPH scavenged radicals showed similar results to those of ABTS radical scavenging activity in terms of activity. Similar results were also shown in the measurement of total flavonoid and phenol content, which are known to have antioxidant antiviral and anticancer effects. Thus we could conclude that pilot products of the high quality varied calorie levels of HMR Bibimbap set with tumeric, which is helpful for antioxidant action have been developed to meet various customer needs.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.607-621
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• 2021

The elderly population is rapidly increasing in South Korea, and interest in food development considering the Sasang constitution theory from oriental medicine and balanced nutrition is increasing. We developed the oriental medicinal porridges based on the Sasang constitution for the elderly. By Sasang constitutional medicine, Taeyangin has a large lung and small liver, and Soyangin has a large stomach and small kidney. Taeeumin has a small lung and large liver, and Soeumin has a small stomach and a large kidney. In this study, proper oriental medicine and food ingredients were identified, and a total of 12 oriental medicinal porridges were developed for 3 items by 4 Sasang constitution types. A single portion was developed based on about 600±66kcal, and the food ingredients were chopped. After cooking the menu developed based on the Sasang constitution, a sensory test was conducted. Five items, such as taste, appearance, aroma, texture, and overall preference, were evaluated on a 7-point scale. Sewage omegaenggul porridge among porridges for Taeyangin had the highest overall acceptance (6.17±0.7 points). Sukjihwang abalone black sesame porridge for Soyangin had the highest score(5.83±0.9 points). Sanyakyulmu hwangtae porridge for Taeeumin had the highest score(5.90±0.6 points). Ginseng chicken curry porridge among porridges for Soeumin had the highest overall preference in taste, appearance, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability (6.53±0.7 points). A limitation of this study was that the clinical trial could not be conducted on the elderly classified as Sasang constitution. In the future, the elderly will be able to have oriental medicinal foods according to the classification of Sasang constitution.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.598-606
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• 2010

Kimchi is the most well-known Korean traditional food, but it is also the main leftover of school lunch and dinner menus. This study aimed to familiarize teenagers with kimchi through school meals and to increase their daily kimchi intake, ultimately by appealing to the young generation's taste. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Ansan area to examine student's acceptability of kimchi and their attitudes toward kimchi. Approximately 65% of males and 67% of female students liked the moderately fermented and pungent taste of kimchi. Kimchi served in school meals was regarded as nutritional but cheap. Approximately 72% of male and 82% of female students responded that they liked menu items using kimchi. Approximately 48% of students responded that menu items using kimchi in schools are not diverse. Students preferred meat as an ingredient in kimchi. The preferred cooking methods were stir-frying and frying, whereas boiling was the least favorite. Based on the survey results, ten kimchi menu items had been developed. The suitability of the menu was evaluated by students and cooks. Six kimchi items, including Kimchi mixed with rice, chicken, soybean sprouts, Kimchi cheese rice, stewed beef ribs with kimchi, rice topped with kimchi curry, kimchi cheese meat roast, and kimchi udong were considered appropriate for school meals, whereas kimchi kangchong, kimchi topokki, kimchi stew with surimi, and frozen Pollack kimchi soup were not suitable as menu items. Kimchi topokki was not accepted by students, while kimchi kangchong was not accepted by cooks. Cooks judged the suitability of a menu item by the cooking process and cooking times, whereas students judged an item by its sensory preference. Approximately 63% of students responded that kimchi intake has increased by participating in the development of kimchi dishes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2014

잡곡밥 메탄올 추출물이 가지는 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 LLC-PK1 세포의 보호 효과를 조사하였다. $250{\mu}M$의 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화적 스트레스가 유발된 LLC-PK1 세포에 시료추출물을 처리한 결과, WR, TMR, GR 순으로 $H_2O_2$ 처리군에 비해 세포 생존율이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 특히 GRS와 GRK에서 정상군에 가까운 세포 생존율을 나타내어 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 유발된 세포 손상에 대한 잡곡밥 추출물의 보호 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 세포 내 활성산소(ROS)의 수준과 세포 내 지질과산화물질(MDA)의 생성 억제 효과 역시 WR, TMR, GR, GRK, GRS 순으로 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. $H_2O_2$로 인하여 세포 내 항산화 효소인 SOD, CAT와 GSH-px 등의 활성이 감소된 LLC-PK1 세포에 잡곡밥 추출물을 처리했을 때 이들 효소의 활성이 증가했으며 특히 GRK, GRS군에서 현저하게 증가되었다. LLC-PK1 세포에서 $H_2O_2$에 의해 발생하는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 잡곡밥 추출물은 세포 손상을 억제하고 세포 내 활성산소(ROS)의 수준과 지질과산화물질(MDA)의 생성을 억제하며, 세포 내 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시키는 효과를 가지는 것으로 보인다. 또한 항산화 효소유전자 발현에서도 위와 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 잡곡밥 메탄올 추출물, 특히 기능성 물질인 카레가루와 상황버섯 추출물이 첨가된 잡곡밥은 LLC-PK1 세포에 대한 보호 작용과 in vitro에서의 항산화 효과가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 silorane-based 복합레진의 색안정성을 기존의 methacrylate-based 복합레진과 비교하여 평가하는 것이다. Silorane-based 복합레진인 P90(3M ESPE, USA), methacrylate-based 복합레진인 Tetric Ceram(Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), Z250, Z350(3M ESPE, USA)을 이용하여 시편을 제작하고, 증류수, 커피, 레드 와인, 카레 용액에 담가 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일, 21일, 28일 후 색 변화를 분광광도계로 측정하고 실험 전후의 색상차이(${\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$)값을 산출하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 카레 용액 > 레드 와인 > 커피 > 증류수의 순으로 레진 시편의 변색이 크게 나타났다. 2. 네 가지 종류의 레진을 비교하였을 때, Z350 > Z250 > Tetric Ceram > P90의 순으로 변색이 크게 나타났다. 3. 카레 용액의 경우 네 종류의 레진 모두에서 침지 1일 이후 수용도 역치 이상(${\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$>3.3)의 변색이 나타났다. 4. 레드 와인의 경우 Z350, Z250, Tetric Ceram에서 침지 1일 이후, P90에서는 침지 28일 이후에 수용도 역치 이상의 변색이 나타났다. 5. 커피의 경우 Z350에서 침지 1일 이후, Z250에서 침지 3일 이후, Tetric Ceram에서 침지 7일 이후에 수용도 역치 이상의 변색이 나타났으나 P90에서는 침지 28일 이후에도 수용도 역치 이상의 변색이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2010

육가공 산업에서 원료로 이용되고 있는 향신료의 위생화를 위하여 대표적인 살균 기술인 감마선과 전자선의 조사효과를 비교하였다. 미생물 오염도를 측정한 결과 대부분의 시료에서 1.5 to 3.8 Log CFU/g의 일반호기성 미생물이 나타났으나, 강황 및 로즈마리에서는 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 시료에서는 조사에 의해 효과적인 것으로 미생물이 감소하였으며, 감마선이 전자선보다 효과적으로 미생물을 사멸하였다. 검출된 미생물을 동정한 결과 Bacillus spp. 및 Staphylococcus spp.으로 확인하였다. B. cereus 및 S. aureus에 대한 방사선 감수성 측정 결과 0.19-0.63 kGy로 확인되었으며, 전자선 보다 감마선에 대한 내성이 약한 것으로 확인되었다. Ames test를 이용하여 방사선 조사에 의한 향신료의 유전독성학적 안전성을 평가한 결과, 조사에 의한 돌연변이원성은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 향신료의 위생화를 위한 살균방법으로 방사선 조사기술이 효과적으로 판단되며, 감마선(>4 kGy, <6 kGy)이 전자선보다 효과적으로 미생물을 제어하는 것으로 나타났다.