• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2017

Shahr-e Sukhteh (meaning burnt city in Persian) in Iran is an archeological site dated back to around 3,200-1,800 BC. It is located in Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran and known as the junction of Bronze Age trade routes crossing the Iranian plateau. It was appointed as current study area for paleoparasitological investigations. Excavations at this site have revealed various archeological materials since 1967. In the present study, sheep and carnivore coprolites excavated from this site were analyzed by means of rehydration technique using TSP solution for finding helminth eggs. Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Capillaria sp., and Taenia sp. eggs were identified, while some other objects similar to Anoplocephalidae and Toxocara spp. eggs were also retrieved from the samples but their measured parameters did not match those of these species. The present paper illustrates the first paleoparasitological findings of Bronze Age in eastern Iran supporting the economic activities, peopling, and communication as well as the appropriate condition for zoonotic helminthiasis life cycle in Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.66-80
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• 2020

Objectives: We investigated the current status of the consent form for bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy, which is using in Korean medicine hospitals. We suggest the development of a standard informed consent form. Method: Through the questionnaire survey, status of using informed consent form was identified at 24 Korean medicine hospitals. We analyze different types of informed consent form, which was developed by each hospitals. We investigated the types of informed consent forms for various medical procedures through electronic searches. A standard informed consent form for bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy was developed based on the medical law and the standard informed consent form for medical procedures developed by Korea Fair Trade Mediation Agency. Result: In our survey, 65% of the hospitals do not use consent well, only 35% of the hospitals use informed consent form, and the most hospitals use self-developed informed consent form. As a result of analyzing the contents of informed consent form used in each hospitals, the explanation of diagnosis, treatment precautions, suggestions for other treatments, consequences of not performing the scheduled procedure, possibility of treatment change was insufficient. 48% of hospitals manage consent in recording on a chart, 39% in scanned documents, and 13% in digital electronic consent form. Conclusion: A standard informed consent form for Bee-venom pharmacopuncture therapy include diagnosis, effectivness, necessity, indications, method, skin reaction test, hypersensitivity questionnaire, treatment precautions, possible hypersensitivity reactions and countermeasures, suggestions for other treatments, consequences of not performing the scheduled procedure, possibility of treatment change and the name of doctor.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.561-571
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• 2005

To introduce an emissions trading system for GHG that currently have no reduction requirements, the following should be considered as priorities: eliciting the participation of the industrial sector and linking GHG emission trading systems to the emissions trading system (implemented from July 2007) that has become part of national policy with the enactment of the Special Act. Two directions can serve as viable alternatives in that regard. One is a baseline-and-credit method based on incentive auctioning. This has the advantage of inducing participation through economic incentives without a reductions commitment. The downside of this method is that it requires vast investments, as well as the fact that reaching an agreement between participants and the government to decide an objective baseline is difficult. On the other hand, the cap-and-trade method set forth in the Special Act is attractive in that it can be integrated with the air pollutant emissions trading system, but it would be difficult to elicit the participation of the industrial sector in the absence of GHG emission reduction requirements. In the current situation, it would be preferable for the government to induce the participation of the industrial sector by devising a wide variety of incentives because taking part in the emissions trading system before reducing GHG emissions offers large incentives through learning by doing. The timing of GHG reduction commitments and emissions trading system implementation may be uncertain but their Implementation will be unavoidable. Thus the government needs to facilitate preparations for emissions trading of GHG in the future and continuously review its operation in integration with the air pollutant emissions trading system to maximize adaptation and teaming by doing effect in the industrial sector.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2018

The yellow crystalline material present in yellow and green glass beads excavated from sites in the Baekje region of Korea was previously analyzed through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, revealing that the yellow crystalline material was $PbSnO_3$. This material is a pigment that is rarely seen in the Korean peninsula. Furthermore, some studies have been published on the provenance of lead in this material, which revealed no relationship to Korea, China, or Japan. In this study, we collected all accessible results of analyses on the lead isotope ratio of yellow and green glass beads excavated from the Korean peninsula, specifically from 7 sites in the Baekje region(located in the vicinity of Seoul, Wanju, Hwaseong, Osan, Gongju, Buyeo, and Iksan) and 2 sites in the Silla region(located in the vicinity of Gyeongju and Changnyeong). We subsequently investigated the lead provenance of the opacifying agents in the glass beads through comparison with the current extent of the galena data accumulated for the East Asian region, including Korea, China, and Japan, and for Thailand(Kanchanaburi Province), Southeast Asia. Our analysis determined that the lead provenance of the glass beads excavated from the Korean peninsula was Thailand(Kanchanaburi Province). Beyond our results, further studies should seek to determine the production sites of the glass beads. Obtaining and comparing the scientific analyses of glass beads from India and Southeast Asia would enable research on the glass beads trade through the maritime silk road.

• Journal of Research and Publication Ethics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Focusing on Supreme Court precedents, we intend to establish criteria for judging research misconduct. Research design, data and methodology: In addition, I would like to propose the criteria for judging research misconduct by the KODISA, which applies the court's standards well in practice, and guidelines for preventing research misconduct. Research design, data and methodology: After classifying the case of research misconduct into six cases, the court's judgment and practical application will be reviewed. Results: First, research misconduct that has passed the disciplinary prescription can be punished. This is because the state of illegality continues to this day. Second, even if there were no punishment regulations at the time of research misconduct, it can be retroactively punished with the current punishment regulations. This is because research ethics is a universal and common standard and does not change. Third, if there is a fact that infringes on intellectual property rights, it is presumed unwritten intentions. Therefore, the act of taking and using the work of another person without permission or proper citation procedure, even if it is unintentional and for the public interest, is a research misconduct. Fourth, if there is an inappropriate citation notation, the intention of research misconduct is presumed. It is the judgment of the court that even if a quotation is marked, if it is incomplete, it is recognized as plagiarism. Fifth, if the author uses the work of another person without proper source indication, it is plagiarism even if the other person who owns the copyright agrees to it. The understanding or consent of some parties does not justify research misconduct in violation of public trust. Sixth, it is a research misconduct to create a new work without citations for one's previous work. In addition, even if there is a citation, if the subsequent writing is not original, it is a research misconduct. Conclusions: Academia should clarify the scope of research misconduct by referring to the Research Ethics Regulations of KODISA, and deal with research results that lack the value as creative works similar to those of research misconduct.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.406-413
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the limits of law on intellectual property generated from dance performance creation. It is based on literature research. It focus the way of dance works protection through current intellectual property laws after 21th century and the limits of them. First, it summarized copyright law, patent, trademark right, and trade secret. Second, it study the choreography of meaning and the process on field of the convergence. At last it summarized the limits of the intellectual property mentioned above. As a result, it is hard to fully protect the right by law whereas performing art create new form of style to communicate with audiences as develop convergence contents. There are significance on this study that summarize the intellectual property law and their limits when they applied to intellectual property from choreography, as a process of dance creation of today.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2018

As the Korean navy's capabilities increase, it becomes increasingly necessary to develop sufficient navigational capabilities and train proficient seafarers. However, in terms of securing personnel resources, seafarers will need to be utilized more effectively due to the population decline of recent years. This paper reviews the use of civilian maritime personnel to research potential resources and uses the U.S. military sealift command as a benchmark. As a result, it has been found that it is possible to increase naval combat capability through the establishment of like a military sealift command organization to operate defense civilian support vessels. In addition, it is possible to train civilian seafarers by utilizing the current national education system through existing maritime universities. Furthermore, taking these actions will allow the ROK navy to operate its onboard ship reserve service and designated international ship system more efficiently.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.16
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• pp.183-203
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• 2001

To accomplish international electronic commerce via the Internet, the most serious dilemma is the international payment system. The BBL is a secure and effective electronic commerce framework for the replacement of traditional paper documents by electronic messages via the Internet providing significant benefits in terms of cost savings, improved logistics and reduced errors in documentation. The most important legal obstacles in the BBL are how to secure authenticity, non-repudiation and message integrity as well as the status of negotiability equivalent to paper B/L. These kinds of functions may be carried out through the electronic title registry of the Bolero International Limited. The technical structure is supported contractually by the Bolero Rulebook. And other documents except B/L can be made out without any legal or technical problems. What are the handicaps of the BBL in its practical use at this time? I can summarize the current and expected problems as follows: First, the fee to join Bolero Association Limited is burdensome to sellers, buyers and trade related organizations all over the world. Second, the liability in errors or defaults in operating central data registry of Bolero International Limited is limited to U.S.$100,000. The amount is not sufficient to the many bulk cargo owners to cover the damages. Third, businessmen are used to traditional paper documents; therefore it takes much time for them to change their customs and practices. So the BBL and traditional papers would be used simultaneously for the time being. Finally, it is very important to incorporate the Rulebook, a multilateral contract binding on all users signed, in each domestic law, which will accomplish the uniform law basis.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2004

Today, there are several markets in cyber space where companies trade electronically due to the development of Information Technology. On the other hand, the most important thing in trades is negotiation. So, in order to support current business practices as well as new ones on the Internet, electronic commerce systems need an ability to negotiate. In this paper, proposed is a method by which a seller can be supported by an agent which plays a role in negotiation process among small and medium companies especially injection mold manufacturer. If the manufacturing capacity cannot afford to produce all orders, the manufacturer may want to extend due dates and the buyers may want to discount prices. The negotiation agent discussed in this paper cooperates with the schedule agent to get due-date information, and performs a role in one (seller)-to-many (buyer) negotiation processes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Recently, consumer who has a desire to spend less money want to buy a cheap and good product because of long economy recession. Secondhand trading is regarded as a good method which allows people to buy cheap and good product. Activation of secondhand trading reduces the psychological distance among customers. Especially, in the case of expensive books such as major books, each university has community only for used book trading. However, existing used book community is hard to find current real-time trading state at a look, and it is impossible to purchase reasonably because of a one-way pricing of the seller. In this paper, we design and implement a used book trading web service using an auction system which can help anyone to trade used book easily. It is designed web based system and it provides convenience to user through efficient book registration function and book search function.