• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1997

Background : The Current Perception Threshold (CPT) provides an objective, quantitative gauge of sensory nerve integrity which is obtainable from any cutaneous site. CPT measurement can confirm and quantify or rule out dysfunction of nerve through comparison with established normative values ($Neuval^{TM}$ CPT database). The aim of this study is to compare collected data from Korean adults with $Neuval^{TM}$ CPT database. Method : Normative data from 5 standard test site in face, hand, toe were obtained from 50 healthy adults. Three frequencies(5, 250, 2000 Hz) were stimulated with $Neuromoter^{(R)}$ CPT device. Results : The results of our data were statistically significantly different than Neuval data except in face, but within normal range. Sensory Threshold increased as the frequency of the stimulus changed from 5 Hz to 250 Hz to 2000 Hz., and from face to hand to toe. Conclusion : CPT testing is a valuable neurologic testing modality that is noninvasive and highly reliable for diagnosis and evaluation of sensory nerves where neuropathy is suspected.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2368-2372
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• 2005

We proposed a novel method for object recognition using the Smart tag system in the previous research. We identified the object easily, but could not assure the object pose, because the threshold problem was not solved. So we propose a new method to solve this threshold problem. This method uses a smart tag to decide the threshold by recording color information of the image when the object feature is extracted. This method records the original of the object color information at the smart tag first. And then it records the object image information, the circumstance image information and the sensors information continuously when the object feature is extracted through the experiments. Finally, it estimates the current threshold by recorded information. This method can be applied the threshold to each objects. And it can solve the difficult threshold decision problem easily. To approve the possibility of our method, we implemented our approach by using easy and simple techniques as possible.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2000

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the compression of the vital neurovascular structure at the thoracic outlet region. It may stem from a number of abnormalities, including degenerative or bony disorders, trauma to cervical spine, fibromuscular bands, vascular abnormalities and spasm of the anterior scalene muscle. CPT (current perception threshold) is defined as the minimum amount of current applied transcutaneously that an individual consciously perceives. It enables quantification of the hyperesthesia that precedes progressive nerve impairment, as well as hypoesthetic conditions. We experienced a case of thoracic outlet syndrome caused by fibrosis of anterior scalene muscle. The patient was a 30 years old woman with a 3 years history of numbness on the ulnar side, progressive weakness and coldness of both hand, tiredness in the left arm, nocturnal pain in the left forearm, and pain in the left elbow, shoulder and neck. Conservative treatment, stellate ganglion block, cervical epidural block, anterior scalene block and previous operation, including both carpal tunnel release, provided no remarkable relief to the patient. A left scalenectomy and first rib resection were performed by transaxillary approach and left cervical root neurolysis was done. After surgery, we measured CPT using neurometer and found conditions worsening in the opposite arm. We performed the same procedure on right side, and followed by CPT measurement. This case suggests that CPT is a useful measurement of recovery and progression of TOS.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of procaine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers, as well as to the synergic effect of high voltage current or ultrasound on the efficacy of transdermal delivery of iontophoresis. Forty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups topical application group (TA), iontophoresis group (IT), pre-treatment of high voltage current stimulation with iontophoresis (HVS + IT), and pre-treatment of ultrasound application with iontophoresis (US + IT). All subjects received procaine iontophoresis on the forearm using direct current with 4 mA f3r 15 minutes. All subject was measured the duration of local anesthesia, pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold using rectangular wave at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms of rectangular current stimulation after procaine iontophoresis. For comparisons of the sensory characteristics and efficacy of iontophoresis between the groups, an one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The significant difference the duration of local anesthesia were found between the groups (p<0.001). The local anesthetic duration of IT, HVS+IT were significantly longer than TA. Meanwhile, the local anesthetic duration of US+IT was significantly longer than HVS+IT, IT and TA group (p<0.05). Also, the pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms were significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). All sensory characteristics including pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold of IT, HVS+IT was significantly increased than TA, whereas, US+1T was significantly increased HVS+1T, IT and TA (p<0.05). This study showed that the procaine iontophoresis have increase the duration of local anesthesia concomitantly pressure pain threshold and pain perception threshold of sensory nerve fibers such as $A-{\beta}$, $A-{\delta}$ and C fiber. This findings suggest that the iontophoresis enhanced the transdermal delivery of drug ions in vivo. The combination of ultrasound application and iontophoresis synergized the transdermal delivery of drug ions. It is suggests that an electric field, mechanical and heating property of ultrasound may contribute to synergic effect due to temporary changes of structure in the stratum corneum.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2018

당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증 환자들을 진단하는 전류지각 역치 시험과 진동 감각 지각 역치의 임상학적 유용성에 대한 평가는 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증에 대한 진단방법 중의 하나이다. 현재까지 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증 환자들에 대해 몇 가지 방법들이 사용되어 왔는데, 예를 들면, 하지 신경병증 장애 시험, 신경전도 시험, 냉각감지 역치 시험, 열-고통 역치 시험 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나, 이들 대부분의 시험은 고가이거나 시험하는데 많은 시간을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 진동 감지 능력을 평가하는 새로운 기구가 소개되고, 이를 위해 환자의 말초 신경을 자극하는 보이스 코일 모터(voice coil motor)와 전류 증폭기를 제작하였다. 또한, 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증 환자들의 정량적 진동 감지 수준을 측정하기 위하여 진동 감지 역치 시험을 센싱하고 구동하는 소프트웨어가 개발되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and silver spike point (SSP) therapy on current perception threshold (CPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Methods: Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Fourteen of them were males and twenty-one were females. Subject were randomly assigned to receive; (1) TENS (80/120 Hz alternating frequency), (2) SSP (3 Hz), or (3) no treatment (control group). Electric stimulation was applied over LI4 and LI11 on acupuncture points of the left forearm for 30 minutes. CPT and MPT were recorded before and after electrical stimulation. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models, with group treated as a between subject factor and time a within-subject factor. Results: At 30 minutes after cessation of electrical stimulation the CPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers was reduced in the TENS group that of C fibers was reduced in the SSP group (p<0.05). After cessation of electrical stimulation, the MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers increased in the TENS group, and that of A${\delta}$fibers increased in the SSP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: After TENS and SSP stimulation, MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers were selectively increased. In particular, the TENS group showed increases in both C and A${\delta}$fibers, while the SSP group showed increases only in A${\delta}$fibers.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

본 연구는 측두장애환자의 주 증상인 턱관절 및 주위 조직의 통증 처치에 있어 capsaicin도포에 따른 영향을 평가하고자 실험 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 전신질환이 없는 건강한 성인 20명에서 냉찜질 적용, 0.025% capsaicin 크림, 0.075% capsaicin 크림 도포후 $Neurometer^{(R)}$ CPT/C (Neurotron, Baltimore, Maryland, USA)로 전류인지역치와 동통내성역치를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. C 신경섬유에서 측정된 전류인류인지역치가 기준치에 비하여 0.075% capsaicin 크림도포후에 유의하게 증가하여 감각감퇴를 보였으며, 냉찜질과 0.025% capsaicin 크림도포 및 0.075% capsaicin 크림 도포후에는 capsaicin 크림 도포후에 유의한 감각감퇴를 나타내었다. 2. $A{\beta}$ 신경섬유의 동통내성역치는 기준치에 비하여 냉찜질과 0.075% capsaicin 크림에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, $A{\delta}$ 신경 섬유에서는 기준치에 대하여 냉찜질과 0.025% capsaicin 크림도포시가 유의하게 증가하였고, C 신경섬유 측정시는 기준치에 비하여 0.025% capsaicin 크림도포시에 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 동통내성역치시의 견디는 통증정도를 표시한 가시상 척도상에서는 0.075% capsaicin 크림 도포후에 C 신경 섬유측정시가 7.18로 기준치의 6.48에 비하여 유의하게 높았다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

본 연구는 부산대학병원 구강내과로 내원하여 삼차신경통으로 진단되어 사전에 실험에 대한 동의를 한 환자 20명(여자 13명, 남자 7명, $42{\sim}77$세, 평균$58.20{\pm}16.99$세)을 연구대상으로 저출력레이저 조사전,후 전류인지역치검사를 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 레이저 조사전,후 이환측과 비이환측의 CPT값의 차이는 없었다. 2. 레이저 조사후 이환측과 비이환측의 CPT값 변화에 유의성은 없었다. 3. 하지만 레이저 조사후 이환측과 비이환측의 $A{\beta}$섬유의 경우 CPT값이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Background: Routine nerve conduction study (NCS) can only be used to evaluate the function of large fibers, and the results of NCS are often normal in patients with distal sensory polyneuropathy. The measurement of the current perception threshold (CPT) has been reported to represent a variety of peripheral nerve fiber functions. This study was performed to investigate the value of measuring CPT in patients with diabetic sensory polyneuropathy who have no abnormalities in routine NCS. Methods: Twenty-seven diabetic patients with sensory polyneuropathy and normal routine NCS and 18 age-matched control subjects participated in this study. The CPT was measured on the unilateral index finger and great toe of each subject at frequencies of 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2,000 Hz. Results: CPT values were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group, especially with stimuli at the lowest frequency of 5 Hz (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the CPT values obtained at three different frequencies in the patient group, whereas the correlation was only significant in the pair of 250 Hz/5 Hz (both in the hands and feet), and in the pair of 2,000 Hz/250 Hz (in the feet) for the control group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the CPT test, especially at a stimuli frequency of 5 Hz, may be a useful screening tool for diabetic polyneuropathy in patients who show no abnormalities in routine NCS.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low-intensity direct current to cortical areas, thereby facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This study was designed to investigate changes in various sensory functions after tDCS. We conducted a single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial to determine the effect of a single session of tDCS with the current perception threshold (CPT) in 50 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies were performed in relation to the median sensory and motor nerves on the dominant hand to discriminate peripheral nerve lesions. The subjects received anodal tDCS with 1 mA for 15 minutes under two different conditions, with 25 subjects in each groups: the conditions were as follows tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) and sham tDCS on M1. We recorded the parameters of the CPT a with Neurometer$^{(R)}$ at frequencies of 2000, 250, and 5 Hz in the dominant index finger to assess the tactile sense, fast pain and slow pain, respectively. In the test to measure CPT values of the M1 in the tDCS group, the values of the distal part of the distal interphalangeal joint of the second finger statistically increased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.000), 250 Hz (p=.002), and 5 Hz (p=.008). However, the values of the sham tDCS group decreased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.285), 250 Hz (p=.552), and 5 Hz (p=.062), and were not statistically significant. These results show that M1 anodal tDCS can modulate sensory perception and pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers. The study suggests that tDCS may be a useful strategy for treating central neurogenic pain in rehabilitation medicine.