• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1053-1071
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• 2005

To find out the suppressive effect of natural extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza on $IL-1{\beta}$ and MMP-2 derived from periodontal ligament cells through in vitro study and to confirm its effect on plaque and gingivitis through clinical study, Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was used and following results were produced. 1. In vitro study, type IV collagenase MMP-2 production was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza compared to the control group. 2. In vitro study, the production of $IL-l{\beta}$ which is one of the inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza. 3. On the third week, the plaque index of the groups treated with or without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpastes were both increased significantly compared to the baseline(p<0.05). 4. On the third week, the gingival index of the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was not significantly different from baseline. However, the group treated without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase of gingival index at shielded area(p<0.05). 5. The gingival index of the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase in the sites without tooth brushing when compared to sites with tooth brushing(p<0.05). However. there was no significant difference for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste in sites either with or without tooth brushing. 6. The Bleeding on probing for the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed no significant difference even when tooth brushing was done. However, for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste, bleeding on probing was significantly reduced compared to baseline when tooth brushing was done(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2008

Anti-microbiological effects of xanthorrhizol, ie., extract from curcuma xanthorrhiza and extract from houttuynia cordata Thunb. against influenza virus and E. coli O157 were tested. From the influenza experiments, the effects were shown above 93 % in case of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract, however, the effects was not shown in case of xanthorrhizol. The effects were sustained in mixtures of houttuynia cordata Thunb. and curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts. We also tested the anti-microbiological effects of hand sanitizer containing houttuynia cordata Thunb. and xanthorrhizol. The effect of hand sanitizer containing 2,000 ppm of xanthorrhizol and 500 ppm of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract was better than that of commercialized foreign product.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1614-1625
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• 2018

Periodontitis, which is a severe inflammatory disease caused by endotoxins secreted from oral pathogens, destructs gingival tissue and alveolar bone. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, commonly called Java turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of C. xanthorrhiza supercritical extract (CXS) standardized with xanthorrhizol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis in an animal model. LPS was topically injected into the periodontium of Sprague-Dawley rats to induce periodontitis and CXS (30 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) was orally administered after day 12. Histologically, CXS inhibited the collapse of gingival tissue by preventing cell infiltration. CXS significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and inflammation-related biomarkers, such as nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gingival tissue. CXS also improved bone remodeling by downregulating osteoclastic transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K. In addition, CXS upregulated osteoblast differentiation-related markers, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and collagen type I alpha (COLA1). Thus, CXS can ameliorate periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and improving bone remodeling.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.556-560
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• 2009

Xanthorrhizol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., was used to investigate its effect on reducing the saliva and multi-species oral biofilms consisting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Actinomyces viscosus by anti-biofilm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assays. Xanthorrhizol exhibited significant antibiofilm activity in the dose- and time-dependent manners. Exposure to 2 and $5{\mu}g/mL$ xanthorrhizol for 30 min remained <50% of saliva and multi-species biofilms formed for 24 hr. In addition, exposure to $10{\mu}g/mL$ xanthorrhizol for 30 min reduced 65 and 77% of 24 hr saliva and multi-species oral biofilms, respectively. CLSM results visually demonstrated that xanthorrhizol reduced bacterial viability in the saliva and multi-species oral biofilms. These results suggest that C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. containing xanthorrhizol with strong anti-biofilm activity can be employed as a plant source for oral care functional foods.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a chewing gum containing 70% xylitol and 0.23% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract to remove dental plaque and reduce gingivitis when used as a supplement to daily toothbrushing for 3 weeks. The study group consisted of 75 adults with moderate gingvitis. Participants were divided into 3 groups(contol 1 group - Gum base, contol 2 group - 70% Xylitol, experiment group - 70% xylitol and 0.23% xanthorrhizol) and instructed to chew the study gum for 3 times daily for 3 weeks in addition to regular daily toothbrushing. Chewing xylitol/xanthorrhizol gum significantly reduced plaque index with significant difference by week 3(p<0.01). Gingival index and bleeding on probing were decreased in xy/ Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract group by 35.9% and 31.65% each in the same period. No adverse effects on the oral tissues were observed in any of the participants for the duration of the study. In conclusion, regular use of a chewing gum containing 70% xylitol and 0.23% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract appears safe and effective for the removal of dental plaque and reduction of gingivitis when used in conjunction with daily toothbrushing.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1270-1281
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• 2018

Periodontal disease is triggered by the host immune response to pathogens in the microbial biofilm. Worsening of periodontal disease destroys the tooth-supporting tissues and alveolar bone. As oral inflammation can induce systemic diseases in humans, it is important to prevent periodontal disease. In this study, we demonstrated that Curcuma xanthorrhiza supercritical extract (CXS) and its active compound, xanthorrhizol (XAN), exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human gingival fibroblast-1 cells and anti-osteoclastic effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-treated RAW264.7 cells. LPS-upregulated inflammatory factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B p65 and $interleukin-1{\beta}$, were prominently reduced by CXS and XAN. In addition, RANKL-induced osteoclastic factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K, were decreased in the presence of CXS and XAN. CXS and XAN inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results provide evidence that CXS and XAN suppress LPS-induced inflammation and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the MAPK/AP-1 pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of xanthorrhizol (extract from curcuma xanthorrhiza) against Candida albicans. Some of the commercial products were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of C. albicans. OTC product containing povidone iodide and cosmetic grade product with surfactants were tested. Antifungal activity was shown in 1.56% of OTC product, however, there was no antifungal effect in cosmetic product. For the comparison, we tested several materials. Povidone iodide, lemon tea tree oil and xanthorrhizol showed antifungal activities against C albicans in 0.25, 0.062 and 0.007%, respectively. We also tested the antifungal effects of povidone iodide and xanthorrhizol in surfactant base. Test results revealed that 2.5% of povidone iodide and 0.156% of xanthorrhizol showed similar antifungal effects. These findings support the application of xanthorrhizol for vaginal cleanser or personal cares using antifungal effect.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection often complicates burn wounds. Mupirocin is the antibiotic of choice for superficial MRSA infection, and its resistance is on the rise due to its frequent and widespread use. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Curcuma xanthorriza extract (CXE)-containing gel as a topical agent against MRSA-infected second-degree burn wound in rats. CXE was obtained using maceration with 96% ethanol. Xanthorrhizol level, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using a standardized method. In vivo, the wound's healing and bacterial load were evaluated every three days, whereas the histopathology of the wound was examined on day 12 of treatment. One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. In this study, 27.0% and 7.10% of the obtained CXE were xanthorrhizol and curcumin, respectively. Additionally, an IC50 of 64.27 ppm was shown in antioxidant activity measurement, and MIC against MRSA was 5 mg/ml. Treatment with CXE-containing gels showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and proliferation of connective tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXE-containing gel showed a greater reduction of bacterial load and more advanced wound healing phase than mupirocin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2001

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb(Zingiberaceae) has been traditionally used in Indonesia for dietry and medicinal purposes. Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from C. xanthorrhiza that has been known to possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic defects.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1993

To data, many types of compounds having antineoplastic activity have been isolated from higher plants, that is, alkalodids, terpenes, lignans, steroids and so on. Some of ther were isolated from Indonesian plants, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Eurycoma longifolia. Bisaborane type compounds were compounds were isolated as antimeoplastic compounds againest Sarcoma 180A from C. xanthorrhiza, and quassinoids and euryrene type triterpenes from triterpenes from El longifolia. Casearines, a kind of diterpene, had been isolated as cytotxic components from Casearia sylvestris distributed in South America. RA series Cyclic hexapeptides isolated from Rubia akane and R. cordifolia also have strong antineoplastic activity against various types of tumors. Till now, 16 kinds of RA series compounds were isolated and named as RA-I~XVI. Moreover, monoglucoside of RA-V newly isolated from same plant. Many kinds of derivatives including natural RA compounds were tested for QSAR, and one of them, RA-VII was screened up as a most suitable substance as an antitumor agent. RA-VII(=RA 700) has strong cytotoxic activity against KB cells, P388 lymphocytic leukemia and MM2 mammary carcinoma cells. In some solution, three conformers of RA-VII were observed by NMR. It was discussed the relationship between conformation and activity. Total synthesis was already completed, but there is left room for improvement. Phase I clinical trials for RA-VII has been finished, then Phase II trials will be started before long.