• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.159-170
• /
• 2019

The growth accelerator period from a child's body into an adult body is a huge transition characterized by rapid growth in the near term. Body shape changes at this time of growth should be continually studied because they can result in different outcomes due to various variables. This study is basic study for the production of a junior brassiere patternmaking was conducted to separate the upper torso and breasts of adolescents by growth level. Analysis was conducted by age classification according to sales trends. In this study. 3D body shape data of Korean girls, Based on the 6th Size Korea data, analyzed statistically the upper body and breast according to the rate of growth. The results of this study represent the basis for the development of a junior brassiere to help lead a better life in regards to clothing. The study used 3D-data from girls aged 13 to 18. The analysis indicates that the upper body is in a different shape at age 15 with an increasing circumference, width and shoulder length of the chest; in addition, the sides are analyzed differently, suggesting that the brassiere configuration should be made differently at age 15. The breast form also showed different growth patterns at age 13 and the result was that the shape of the cup in brassiere should be configured differently depending on type.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1267-1276
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to classify breast types and to inquire about characteristics depending on breast types of women subjects in their twenties. We researched size items affecting breast volume and regression equations for the prediction of breast volume, and thereby, we will be able to provide some basic data, useful to the development of the brassiere depending on breast types. As a result of categorizing the types of three breast types, "type 1" was characterized by big and greatest protrusion of the breast with large breast volume and a large bust, while "type 2" was characterized by flat breasts with the least breast volume and least bust, and "type 3" was characterized by breast location apart from the center front line. Breast volume is significant in establishment of the brassiere cup depending on breast type. Five items such as, the circumference of the breast, the length of the upper breast, the depth of the breast point, the length of the shoulder point-breast point, and the length of the inferior breast were extracted through regression equations for breast volume.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2003

Methodology was suggested to analyze breast volume, base area of breast bulk. and surface area of breast using the 3D measurement system. Thirty-seven middle-aged (30s-40s) women wearing 80A brassiere were participated in this study. Image of the upper body was captured by Phase-shifting moire. The posture of the subject was adjusted to get the full image of the right breast. Rapidform 2001 was used for the analysis of the images. The mean breast volume was 547.0㎤ and mean base area of breast bulk was 235. I$\textrm{cm}^2$ It was also found that the volume(r=0.169) and surface area of breast(r=10.242) were loosely correlated with the circumference difference between top and under breast. Therefore, it is noted that current selection criterion of cup size based on the difference in the two kinds of breast circumference is inadequate. The result of this study is expected to contribute to the design of ergonomic brassiere as well as surgical operations in the medical field.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.118-135
• /
• 2009

This study is done in Shanghai area by sample survey of female college students. Through direct contact survey, this study collected and analyzed information on figure to understand feature of breasts and measurements of body to provide base information to improve product of brassiere for adult female in China. Data was analyzed by using SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and SAS 9.0. 1. From a result of analysis on the body measures to understand the characteristics of the shape of the breast of the Chinese female college students(18$\sim$24 years old), the bust circumference was 83.86cm and the underbust circumference was 73.37cm and the cup size of a brassiere was 75A. 2. From a result of analysis on the bust measures to understand the relations between the front, lateral and cross-sectional proportions of the bust and the shape of the breast in the Chinese female college students, the chest height was 0.77, the bust height was 0.71 and the underbust height was 0.68 as the information of the body type that shows the location of the bust that is the measure of an item to a height as the front proportion of the bust. For the lateral proportion of the bust, the chest depth of the waist depth was 0.98, the bust depth, 1.21 and the underbust depth, 1.03. While the bust depth/waist depth is ideal when being 1.3, it was 1.21 in this study to be close to the ideal lateral shape. For the cross-sectional proportion of the bust, the area of the largest evenness was the bust followed by the waist, underbust and chest in order. 3. From a result of analysis on the correlation between measured items necessary to understand the characteristic of the shape of the breast, to set up the sizes and to produce the patterns, the underbust circumference had a relatively high correlation between the items of breadth, depth and circumference and weight as the items of basic areas.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.72-86
• /
• 2008

This research focused on determining the brassiere preference index and wearing status of chinese ladies in their 20's living in the Shanghai region of China, to help Korean lingerie companies in their development of bras to successfully advance into the Chinese lingerie market. The main research tool of this research was various different surveys, and the results of the surveys were evaluated using the SPSS 12.0 for Window program. The results of the survey can be summarized as: 1) consciousness and satisfaction level of the body. The satisfaction level of the brest was proportionate to the size of the brassiere, thus, people showed higher level of satisfaction for cone-shaped, semi-circular shaped, prominent-shaped(exposing), lifted-shaped brest over flat-shaped brest. Concerning the relationship between the shape of the brest and the age of the customers, people under 22 years of age preferred flat-shaped, and those between 23-24 years of age preferring exposing and lifted brest, thus as females mature and get older, the size of their brest increases, thus having preference on more circular and lifted-shaped brest and bras. 2) Status of bra wearing in China When we look at the size of the bra in relation to the shape of the brest, those classified as having 'flat-shaped' brest showed a high proportion of A-cups, ranging from 75A, 70A and 80A, where as those of 'cone-shaped' brest represented high ration of B-cups, ranging from 75B, 75A and 80B. Majority of those classified as having 'semi-circular shaped' and 'prominent-shaped(exposing)' brest showed a high ration in the size 80 range. And vast majority of those classified into the 'lifted-shaped' brest group, were reported of having C-cup size bras. 3) Status of Bra Purchasing As people mature, the main reason behind choosing a bra was the actual design of the bra, where they emphasized the importance of aesthetic values. People classified as having 'flat-shaped' and 'cone-shaped' brest emphasized the importance of design and beauty, while those having 'semi-circular shaped,' 'prominent-shaped(exposing),' and 'liftedshaped' brest groups emphasized the importance of hygiene and the material(fabric) of the bra. This shows that when people have relatively smaller brest, they emphasize the importance of external appearance whereas when the size of the brest increases, they pay more attention to the function of the bra rather than the external appearance.

• 복식
• /
• 제53권7호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to improve the comfort and fit of womens swimsuits through analysis of the present wearing conditions and users complaints. In order to compile the information about dissatisfaction with the appropriateness of the fit of breast cap for swimsuits, a questionnaire was administered to 364 females (over 20 years old under 60 years old). The contents of the questionnaire consisted of questions such as the reasons for selecting to wear breast cap for swimsuits or not, size of brassiere and swimsuits, dissatisfaction with material, dissatisfaction with function of breast cap. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics value of frequencies and percentile value, mean, and so on by means of the SPSS WIN.10.0 program. The differences among age groups, body type groups by rohrer index, cup size and so on were compared using the chi-square test. Results of the survey responses about swimsuits breast caps: Most women have worn swimsuits with caps. According to the results, women who are older or overweight, or have larger breasts, or breasts which sag, as well as those who have had the experience of giving birth responded that they feel uncomfortable because of the slope of their breasts. Concerning complaints about the caps, 61% of respondents complained about the cap size and lack of correspondence with breast size, 56.8% expressed concern about the cap gap. There is significant difference in wearing reason of breast caps forswimsuits among age groups and many kinds of groups.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제41권8호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2003

This study aims to improve the comfort and fit of womens swimsuits. Based on the results of the survey, trial suits were designed. In terms of the breast cap, there are five variations based on the feature, size, and thickness and two variations according to the connection mode of the cap. Total 17 trial swimsuits were made, ease of movement and wearing comfort were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In terms of movement according to the type of breast cap, the round type shelved much less movement than the triangular type at the lower part of the cap. According to size, the cap that was manufactured on the basis of brassiere cup size showed much less movement than the ordinary cap size in the same round type of cap. In terms of the connection mode between breast caps and swimsuits, there was less cap movement when they were connected by power nets compared to the ordinary models which were connected by conventional rope. 2. Analysis of the differences in wearing comfort. The round type proved to be more convenient than the triangular type at the lower circumference of the caps, the power net collection was rated more positively by the respondents.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.303-317
• /
• 2010

This study helps in the production of brassieres suitable for female adults by researching the actual wearing conditions and purchasing status, satisfaction rate, and preferences of female college students in their early 20's. The collected data was analyzed by a SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and the results of the research are as follows. 1. There is a noticeable difference between the breast satisfaction rate and breast size, in addition the satisfactory rate was higher in the normal breast size or a little ample size than in the very small or very big size. According to the shape, the satisfactory rate for the breast appeared to be high in the case of the recognition and evaluation of the hemisphere type than the flat, cone, pop out, and downward type. 2. For fitness, the looseness at the top of the cup (pressed between the breasts at the upper part of the front middle), pressing and looseness at the upper sides of the cup, inappropriate size of the cup, tightness of the wings, tightness at the bottom round of the breasts, the narrow width of the wire, wide space of the shoulder strings, and the sliding of the shoulder strings had problems that needed improvement. 3. The major priorities for purchasing brassieres are size, fitness, and aesthetic qualities. As a result, the size and the fitness are more important than the trend or decorations since the brassiere has the function to support the breasts that shows that hygiene and sanitation are recognized as an important standard for undergarment selection. The size and the fitness are important factors regardless of breast types in the examination of the selection standards of the brassieres for each breast type, but the cone and hemisphere types have higher preferences for design; the pop out type has more considerations for the material of the cloth. The result show that appearance is more important for smaller breasts, but the functionality of the brassier is more important than the appearance for medium and larger breast sizes.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.995-1007
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to examine on breast shapes of elderly women and provide fundamental data for developing brassiere. Numerous anthropometric measurements and other related data from 398 subjects were analyzed by various statistical methods such as ANOVA, Correlation analysis, Factor analysis and Cluster analysis. 1. Analysis of Breast Measurements The subjects were categorized into three groups(Group I; aged 55 to 64, Group II; aged 65 to 74, Group III; aged more than 75). 1) The results of the comparative analysis of anthropometric data from three groups show that by getting older: - $\circled1$ Breast lengths, widths, heights and bust girths are decreased significantly $\circled2$ Various length measurements related to the drooping degree of breast are increased $\circled3$ Some measurements related to the volume of breast are decreased. 2) The results of the correlation analysis among measurement show that there are no directs linear relationships between under bust girth and bust drooping. Further it turned out that the cup size could be used as a factor explaining the volume of breast due to large subject variation, Thus it is required to have more specific information about the breast volume. 2. Analysis of Breast Shapes 1) From 17 measurements, 5 factor were selected as key factors for the factor analysis of breast analysis of breast shapes. The 5 factors are: $\circled1$ Drooping degree of breast $\circled2$ slope between breast and chest, width of bust point $\circled3$ Contours and prominence of breast at the point of front and side $\circled4$ Breast volume $\circled5$ Breast width. 2) We categorized the breast shapes into three types by Cluster analysis. Type 1 is the most common breast shape in elderly women. $\circled1$ Type L: Not too droopy and large breast $\circled2$ Type 2: A little droopy and small breast $\circled3$ Type 3; Very droopy and wide breast

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.689-698
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop the well-fitted brassieres by observing the changes in the breast sizes and shapes, the surface area and the volume of the breast through the arm movements of 3 types (0$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$) in vertical motion. The subjects are females, who are aged twenties and wearing a brassiere size 70B, In particular, to obtain the measures regarding the surface area and the volume of the breast, replicas are made at each motion. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The changes in the breast sizes and shapes at each motion By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to decrease: Shoulder length, Side neck point~B.P., Front neck point~B.P., Horizontal length of the cup, Upper bust circumference, Bust circumference, Upper bust depth, Bust depth, Under bust depth, Nipple to tipple breadth, Horizontal distance of bust, Bust height, Cup size. By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to increase: Center point of shoulder~B.P., Shoulder point~B.P., Armpit~ lowest point of breast drooping, Upper bust point~B.P., B.P~Under bust point, Under bust line, Width of gap between breast, Vertical distance of Bust. 2. The changes in the surface area and volume of breast at each motion By making the replica to observe changes in the surface area, which are sectioned to 4 parts(area 1 to area 4) , and volume of breast at each motion, the results are as follows: At 0$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2> areal> area4> area3. At 180$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: areal> area2> area4> area3. Through these orders, it is found that the upper and inside part of the breast has the inclination to increase so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. Also, the total surface area increases so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. The volume of the breast increase when the surface area of the breast increases. As a result of the F-test on the changes in the each surface areas, the surface area and volume by arm movements, the significant differences among the each surface areas and the surface area are not found.