• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2021

Objectives: To compare bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area to clearly distinguish the anterior hairline. Methods: In this study, the head area was measured for 50 adult males and females in their 20s with normal hair condition. We compared bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area and calculated the error by analyzing the difference between the actual location of the anterior hairline and the location measured with the two methods. Results: There was a significant difference between bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area. The two methods showed significant difference from the actual location of the anterior hairline. In addition, as a result of calculating the error between the actual location of the anterior hairline and the location measured by the two methods, the finger-breadth cun had fewer errors than the bone proportional cun. Conclusions: The finger-breadth cun is better than the bone proportional cun as an alternative when it is difficult to find the anterior hairline.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2010

Objectives : The bone proportional cun and body cun have been used widely for the location of acupoints in oriental medical clinic. The aim of this study is to compare the two location methods. Methods : 21 students were examined for the location of 6 acupoints (each 2 points in the 3 parts of upper limb, abdomen, and lower limb) using the twe methods. The data of location were analyzed with t-test. Results : In the upper limb, the data from bone proportional cun and body cun were proved to be different significantly. However, there was no significant difference between the data from the two methods in the abdomen and lower limb. Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrate that the oriental medical doctors should be more careful in the choice of appropriate method for the location of acupoints in the upper limb, while it is not important whether they use bone proportional cun and body cun in the abdomen and lower limb.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

Objective : Standard of measurement in Korean Medicine has been changed in dynasty and location. Thus, cun (寸) and chi (尺) as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints could be recognized as the length of equally divided portions of a certain long bone or the distance between two anatomical landmarks and as an symbolical meaning to date. The goal of this study is to propose a new standard measurement in the metric system for the relative measurement of cun and chi as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints in normal male legs. Methods : This study was conducted by gauging each parts of normal male legs in the metric system and comparing to the relative measurement of cun and chi as follows; to calculate 1 cun, the length of each parts was divided into the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu (靈樞 骨度篇); it was compared the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu with cun which was calculated by dividing subject's height into 75 cun, respectively. Result : There has no significant difference in length of 1 cun among each leg's areas based on a standard of subject's height. The unit of cun by the metric length in the legs was similar to the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu based on each subject's height. Conclusion : It is suggested that an unit of cun as the measurement for meridians and acupoints in the male legs should be considered to the ranges from 2.4cm to 2.6cm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to redefine the location of acupoints in the lower abdomen by taking actual thoracic and abdominal measurements. Methods: Measurements of the length and height of the thorax, and both the upper and lower abdominal area were compared to standard values defined by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO), and medical text books such as Miraculous Pivot, and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. These measurements were used to redefine the standard of 1 cun, and the cun value of the lower abdomen. Results: Of the 60 studies screened, all studies used the cun measurement system. Considerable variation in the localization of acupoints in the lower abdominal area were detected. The average measurement of a typical male lower abdomen was within 6.33 cun to 6.34 cun. From this data, 6.5 cun appears to be more accurate than the current standardized length of 5 cun. The standardized index values of the width of the 4 fingers, and the distance from the lateral prominence from the greater trochanter to the popliteal crease (Fm), appeared to apply to only males, as defined by the WHO/WPRO. Conclusion: Further studies on standardizing the index measurements for the lower abdominal area are necessary. For males, the more accurate standardized length of the lower abdomen was 6.5 cun, whereas for females, the measurement would typically be longer than 6.5 cun.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of $Sa-Am$ lung sedating acupuncture (LS) on wrist pulse changes in healthy participants. Method : Forty healthy subjects participated in this study, and were divided into an acupuncture group and controlled group. Using a three-dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000), wrist pulse was measured before, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture in the acupuncture group, with the rest in controlled group. Sixteen parameters between the acupuncture group and the controlled group were analyzed at Cun, Guan and Chi in each time. Result : After LS acupuncture, wrist pulse sixteen parameters were changed significantly according to the time at each measuring region. 1. Heart rate significantly decreased in immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after, Pulse period significantly increased in 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after. 2. T4 didn't significantly changed, T-T4 significantly increased in immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after. T4/T, T4/(T-T4), T1/T, T5/T significantly decreased in immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after. (T-T4)/T significantly decreased in immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after. T5 significantly increased in 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after. 3. Modulus of elasticity significantly decreased in left Cun 60 minutes after, significantly increased in left Chi 30 minutes after. 4. Variance of Amplitude significantly increased in right Guan 60 minutes after. 5. Area of pulse significantly increased in left Cun 60 minutes after, left Chi 30 minutes after and right Cun 60 minutes after. Systolic pulse area significantly decreased left Chi 30 minutes after, right Cun immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after, right Guan in immediately after. 6. Energy/min significantly decreased in left Chi 60 minutes after and right Cun immediately after. EIx significantly decreased in right Cun immediately after. 7. In both sides Cun, Guan, Chi wrist pulse, a lot of significant changes in right Cun and left Chi appeared, and then followed by the left Cun, right Guan. Conclusion : This study analyzed that the correlation between LS acupuncture and radial pulse(cun, guan, chi) is considered to be meaningful, hereafter clinical studies on this are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to examine the acupoint location of Sameumgyo (SP6) from classic literatures. Methods : A review of SP6 acupoint location on 13 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion was performed. Results : Differences of SP6 acupoint location were found by classics of acupuncture and moxibustion. 9 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion said the acupoint of SP6 was located on 3 cun above the tip of the medial malleoulus, however acupoint location of SP6 was described on 8 cun above the tip of the medial malleoulus by 4 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion. Conclusions : Through a classic literature review, it was possible for the explanation that the location of SP6 was 8 cun above the tip of the medial malleoulus, but it was not intended to overturn the theory of 3 cun above the tip of the medial malleoulus regarding location of SP6. This study may be the starting point for future experimental or clinical studies for exploring new acupoint, and is expected to follow up.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2008

Objectives and Methods : The present study was to investigate the change of acupuncture point location of gallbladder meridian in head by way of reviewing classical literatures. Result and Conclusions : 1. The locations of acupuncture points closed-by anatomical marks such as GB1, GB2, GB3, GB11, GB12, GB19, GB20 are clear and accurate. 2. The expression of acupuncture points' locations of GB4, GB5, GB6, GB8 and GB10 are obscure in classical literature, but their locations became clear and objective in recent literatures. 3. The locations of GB9 and GB13 are open to dispute but WHO standard acupuncture point seems to be resonable. 4. In classical literature, the length from the midpoint of the anterior hairline to the midpoint of the posterior hairline is 12 B-cun, and the length from the midpoint of the anterior hairline to the GB19 is 5 cun, 5.5 cun or 6.5 cun. We presume that the length from GB15 to GB19 might have been measured by F-cun.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to establish an accurate and effective method of locating acupoints of the forearm by studying bone proportional measurement. Methods : A total of 60 volunteers, 30 men and 30 women, participated in this study. 7 parts of the body were measured by a soft ruler or digital vernier calipers. The cun of the upper limb was calculated and analyzed. And the results were compared with the standard cun. Results : The bone proportional cun of the forearm based on height and femur was close to 11. It was different from the standard 12.5, 12 or 10. The cun of the forearm by thumb or finger width measurement was different from the standard too. Conclusions : We suggest that locating acupoints of the forearm needs to be done based on 11 cun. The confusion on locating acupoints of the forearm will be reduced by reflecting the result of the actual measurement.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2008

Although the pulse diagnosis position, Guan is apart from Cun or Chi by only $10{\sim}20$ mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Cun, Guan and Chi, To support their clinical behaviors, in this study, we tested statistically whether there are differences in pulse waveform measured at these three positions with SphygmoCor system used world widely, A 30 years old female subject without any evidence of cardiovascular diseases was involved in this experiment. Radial pulse waves were recorded at three different positions on left lower arm 10 times at three positions-Cun, Guan and Chi. With ANOVA, we tested whether, among three different positions. there are any differences in 12 parameters of radial pulse waveform and in estimated AIx(Augmentation Index) as an arterial stiffness index extracted from radial pulse waveform. As results, differences in optimal indent pressure h0 were observed at different measuring positions(P<0.001) but not significantly different. And pulse pressure his were found to be different(Chi$22.60{\pm}3.06%,\;18.60{\pm}3.37%\;and\;26.4{\pm}5.02%$ respectively. Consequently. AIx at Gwan seems to be lowest and that at Chi seems to be highest. So. we assert the AIx at Chi is likely to be overestimated. In further studies. we want to examine what make differences in these parameters between measuring positions. And it also seems to be worthy to investigate the relationship between the depth of radial artery and AIx. And, ultimately, we need to determine the best measuring process including measuring position, hold-down pressure, signal quality validation and so on. so to achieve the optimal waveform which represents subject's health condition for both western medicine and traditional medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2016

Objectives : Generally, pulsation is influenced by climate change in the realms of nature. However, there is a theory explaining a phenomenon in which the pulse gets weaker and even absent for no reason, without affected by diseases; this is the Theory of South and North Politics with which medical practitioners need to be familiar when taking the pulse of patients. Methods : The researcher considered all the previous annotations and the original text of SuWen (素問) ZhiZhenYaoDaLun(至眞要大論). Results : In Five Elements' Evolutions, JiaJi(甲己) becomes Tu(土), which turns itself into the king, an honorable duty. JiaJi is a period of South Politics because it looks south to give an order while the rest eight years is a period of North Politics because they are headed north to receive an order. Conclusions : Since South Politics years look south as a standard, Cun(寸) is located at the south and Chi(尺) is at the north. Controlling the Heaven energy(司天) is located at the south and Effecting the Earth energy(在泉) is at the north. Therefore, if Sanyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(三陰司天), the Cun pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(少陰司天), Cun pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(厥陰司天), the Cun pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(太陰司天), the Cun pulse on the left wrist is not felt. In the case of Chi, if Sanyin is Effecting the Earth energy(三陰在泉), the Chi pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Effecting the Earth energy(少陰在泉), Chi pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Effecting the Earth energy(厥陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Effecting the Earth energy(太陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the left wrist is not felt. North Politics years appears conversely as compared with South Politics years.