• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2018

Airborne pollution causes oxidative damage, inflammation, and premature aging of skin. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound that has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-melanogenic activities but it is unstable to heat and light. Resveratryl triacetate (RTA) is a new cosmetic ingredient that is more stable than resveratrol and its skin safety and whitening efficacy have been reported previously. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resveratrol and resveratryl triacetate (RTA) on the inflammatory responses of human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) exposed to airborne particulate matters with a diameter of < $10{\mu}m$ (PM10). Cultured HEKs were exposed to PM10 in the absence or presence of resveratrol and RTA. Assays were undertaken to determine cell viability, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. PM10 treatment decreased cell viability, and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Resveratrol and RTA reduced cell death and ROS production induced by PM10. PM10-induced mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines was either attenuated (IL-6), or enhanced ($IL-1{\beta}$), or unaffected ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-8) by resveratrol and RTA. PM10-induced IL-6 protein expression was attenuated by resveratrol and RTA. This study suggests that resveratrol and RTA have activities regulating cell damage and inflammatory responses of the skin exposed to airborne particulate matters.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

Skin dermal fibroblast is the major collagen-producing cell type in human skin. As aging process continues in human skin, collagen production is reduced and fragmentation is increased, which is initiated by matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This imbalance of collagen homeostasis impairs the structure and function of dermal collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby promoting skin aging. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a member of the CCN family, negatively regulates collagen homeostasis in primary human skin dermal fibroblast cells. It is known in aging fibroblast cells that elevated CCN1 expression substantially reduces type I procollagen and concurrently increases MMP-1, which initiates fibrillar collagen degradation. And proliferation rate of aging fibroblast cells is reduced compared to the pre-aging fibroblast cells. In this study, we confirmed that the replicative senescence dermal fibroblast cells increased the expression levels of MMP-1 and decreased the production of type I procollagen. Our results also showed that the replicative senescence dermal fibroblast cells increased in the expression of CCN1 and decreased in the proliferation rate. Hydrolyzed Ulva pertusa extracts are the materials to improve photo-aging by reducing the expression of MMP-1 that was increased by ultraviolet and by promoting the synthesis of new collagen from fibroblast cells. In this study, we also investigated the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract to see whether it inhibits CCN1 protein expression in the senescence fibroblasts. Results showed that the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and increased the production of type I procollagen in the aging skin fibroblast cells cultured. In addition, the proteins that regulate collagen homeostasis CCN1 expression were greatly reduced. The hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract increased the proliferation rate of the aging fibroblast cells. These results suggest that replicative senescent fibroblast cells may be used in the study of cosmetic ingredients as a model of the natural aging. In conclusion, the hydrolyzed U. pertusa extract can be used in anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic material to improve the natural aging skin care as well as photo-aging.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of demecolcine-assisted enucleation and recipient cell cycle stage on the development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. In vitro cultured oocytes for $16\~20$ h were classified by first polar body (1st PB) extrusion and cell cycle stage (MI and MII) and treated $0.4\;{\mu}L/mL$ demecolcine for 40 min before enucleation. Enucleated oocytes were fused electrically with bovine ear skin cells, activated by Ca-ionophore+DMAP, and cultured in vitro. Most of eggs ($86.2\%$) treated with demecolcine protruded a chromosome mass and enucleated efficiently ($98.8\%$, (P<0.05). Demecolcine did not have a deteriorative effect on the development of NT embryos. Developmental rate of NT embryos reconstituted with oocytes extruded 1st PB significantly higher than that of NT embryos produced by oocytes without 1st PB ($18.2\%\;vs.\;4.6\%\cdot$, P<0.05). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of embryos reconstituted with MI oocytes ($69.4\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively) were significantly lower than those of embryos reconstituted with MII oocytes ($96.7\%\;and\;23.9\%$, respectively, P<0.05). From the present result, it is suggested that domecolcine is useful for the enucleation of recipient oocytes in bovine NT procedures, and MII oocytes rather than MI oocytes are more appropriate for recipient cytoplasm. Although, the potential to develop into blastocysts of NT embryos produced by 1st PB-nonextruded and MI oocytes was very low, these oorytes could be used for NT.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

Isolation and primary culture technique of rabbit oral keratinocytes, and the study for effect of environmental factors on the cell growth were carried out in T75-flask. $1.92{\pm}0.59{\times}10^6$ viable cells were isolated by trypsin enzymatic digestion method from $0.25cm^2$ biopsy of rabbit oral mucosa. Primary culture with 10 mL of K-SFM containing 50 mg/L BPE, $5.0{\mu}g/L$ EGF and 0.15 mM $Ca^{2+}$ showed confluence after 8 days and doubling time was 2.54 days. Effect of medium types, medium volume and supplement types on the cell growth was investigated after the cultured keratinocytes had been harvested from primary confluence. Serum addition showed adverse effect and the increase of serum concentration didn't have an effect on the cell growth. The increase of medium volume decreased the cell growth. The increase of calcium concentration increased the cell growth and 2.0 mM was optimum value. In conclusion, when rabbit oral keratinocytes was cultured in T75-flask, the most effective conditions was to use 10 mL of K-SFM containing 50 mg/L BPE, $5.0{\mu}g/L$ EGF and 2.0 mM $Ca^{2+}$, and doubling time was 1.32 days. This study can provide the useful informations to develop a process and design a bioreactor for the culture of keratinocytes in human body like skin and cornea, as well as mucosa.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Coxsackievirus Type B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus that belongs to the Picornaviridae and causes various diseases such as myocarditis and hand-foot-mouth disease. However, an effective antiviral drug is still not developed. In this study, we looked for potential inhibitors of CVB3 replication by examining the survival of CVB3-infected HeLa cells. We detected an antiviral effect by cholic acid and identified it as a candidate inhibitor of CVB3 replication. Cholic acid circulates in the liver and intestines, and it helps the digestion and absorption of lipids in the small intestine. HeLa cells were cultured in 12-well plates and treated with cholic acid (1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) and $10^6PFU/ml$ of CVB3. After 16 h post-infection, the cells were lysed and subjected to western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The production of the viral capsid protein VP1 was dramatically decreased, and translation initiation factor eIF4G1 cleavage was significantly inhibited by treatment with $10{\mu}g/ml$ cholic acid. Moreover, cholic acid inhibited ERK signaling in CVB3-infected HeLa cells. RT-PCR showed that the amounts of the CVB3 RNA genome and mRNA for the ER stress-related transcription factor ATF4 were significantly reduced. These results showed that cholic acid strongly reduced ER stress and CVB3 proliferation. This compound can be developed as a safe natural therapeutic agent for enterovirus infections.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1857-1862
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• 2013

Dermal fibroblasts produce the many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are needed to maintain connective tissue integrity and repair tissue injuries. This study investigated the effects of Areca catechu extract (ACE) on dermal fibroblast cell activation. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with ACE, and then ECM production was determined by ELISA, Western blot and RT-PCR. ACE significantly accelerated the production of type 1 collagen, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ by ELISA and type 1 collagen by Western blot assay. ACE also increased the gene expression of COL1A1, TGF-${\beta}1$, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1. These results suggest that ACE has the potential to stimulate ECM production and that it might be suitable for maintaining skin texture.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 1999

Several solvent extracts from Alpinia katsumudai were prepared and their various anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Alpinia katsumadai extract showed high various anti-inflammatory effects among the 8 medicinal plant extracts, Butanol extract from Alpinia katsumndai showed a potent anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities, Free radical scavenging effect of butanol fraction of Alpinia katsumadai($IC_{50}$/ : 50$\mu$g/m$\ell$) was higher than butylated hydroxytoluene($IC_{50}$/ : 50$\mu$g/m$\ell$) and ascorbic acid($IC_{50}$/ : 22$\mu$g/m$\ell$). Alpinia katsumadai butanol fraction exhibited relatively high antioxidative activity($IC_{50}$/ : 335$\mu$g/m$\ell$) compared to ascorbic acid. The inhibitory effect of Alpinia katsumadal ethanol extract on elastase exhibited 10 to 78% at 100 to 1000$\mu$g/m$\ell$ concentration , tile $IC_{50}$/ values with 465.7$\mu$g/m$\ell$ for porcine pancreatic elastase(PPE) and 481.9$\mu$g/m$\ell$ for human leukocyte elastase(HLE), respectively The Alpinta katsumadai extract inhibited effectively hyaluronidase activity($IC_{50}$/ 335$\mu$g/m$\ell$), and showed inhibition in vitro on delayed hypersensitivity when it was topically applied. These results suggest that Alpinia katsumadai extract may reduce inflammatory skin trouble. The Alpinia katsumadai extract also showed higher Inhibitory effect of melanin biosynthesis on cultured melanoma cell compared to arbutin and kojic acid.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Selaginella tamariscina with the popular Korean name Keoun Back, is a traditional medicinal plant for therapy of advanced cancer patients in the Orient. In this study, we evaluated anti-aging activity of S. tamariscina using processed technology and investigated diverse biological activities of processed S. tamariscina (PST) as an anti-aging ingredient of cosmetics. PST, heated with sand, used to different purpose compared with origin in medicine. PST raises total phenol concentration and enhances the DPPH radical scavenging activity. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity, the cultured human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed by increase in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20 mJ/cm^2$ after treatment of PST. UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by PST. Taken together, 4hese results suggest that PST may act as an anti-aging agent by preventing the skin cell from damage induced by UV irradiation, and imply that PST may be useful as a new ingredient for anti-aging cosmetics.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.8
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• 2023

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Well-known risk factors include hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, along with exposure to aflatoxins, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Genomic variants play a crucial role in mediating the associations between these risk factors and liver cancer. However, the specific variants involved in this process remain under-explored. This study utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify genetic variants associated with liver cancer from various continents. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with liver cancer were retrieved from the genome-wide association studies catalog. Prioritization was then performed using functional annotation with HaploReg v4.1 and the Ensembl database. The prevalence and allele frequencies of each variant were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Two variants, rs2294915 and rs2896019, encoded by the PNPLA3 gene, were found to be highly expressed in the liver tissue, as well as in the skin, cell-cultured fibroblasts, and adipose-subcutaneous tissue, all of which contribute to the risk of liver cancer. We further found that these two SNPs (rs2294915 and rs2896019) were positively correlated with the prevalence rate. Positive associations with the prevalence rate were more frequent in East Asian and African populations. We highlight the utility of this population-specific PNPLA3 genetic variant for genetic association studies and for the early prognosis and treatment of liver cancer. This study highlights the potential of integrating genomic databases with bioinformatic analysis to identify genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. The genetic variants investigated in this study are likely to predispose to liver cancer and could affect its progression and aggressiveness. We recommend future research prioritizing the validation of these variations in clinical settings.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum on the melanogenesis. To determine whether ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of Fagopyrum esculentum ethanol extract. In the present study, we examined the effects of Fagopyrum esculentum ethanol extract on cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). Cell proliferation was slightly increased by treatment with ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum $(25-200 {\mu}g/m{\ell}).$ The ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum effectively suppressed melanin contents at a dose of $100 {\mu}g/m{\ell}).$ It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally whitened compared with the control. The ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Using western blot analysis, the ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum dose-dependently decreased tyrosinase and TRP-1 protein levels, and tyrosinase and TRP-1 were detected in similar manner. ${\alpha}-MSH$ leads to a stimulation of melanin synthesis through increase of tyrosinase activity, melanin contents and cytoplasmic dendricity. In this study, ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum down-regulated the ${\alpha}-MSH$-induced tyrosinase activity, melanin contents and cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and TRP-1 was increased after incubation with a-MSH. The treatment of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Fagopyrum esculentum exerts its depigmenting effects through the suppression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and cytoplasmic dendricity. And it may be a potent depigmetation agent in hyperpigmentation condition.