• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.8 no.4 s.21
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to interpret a house as material into culture. Main method is an ethnographic interview with dwellers as a part of a participant observation, a kind qualitative study. Significantly two different types of folk housing are discovered in East and West areas of the Cheju Island. In the East, kitchen itself forms a separated building, Jeongji-gori, whereas in the West, kitchen is within a main building, An-gori. Different type of kitchen is formed by the different family system. While independent family system of son and father selects a separate kitchen building as a general rule of Cheju Island, an extended family system between father and son selects same kitchen, Jeongji-gori, in the east area. Natural environment of infertile soil of east area makes family work together and eat together. Inner space of the kitchen building is utilized not only in cooking but also in eating, working, and sleeping. In order to explain folk house type, a 'culture area' concept is suggested. The interrelated 'cultural type' of architecture behind a physical surface 'type' is suggested as a new typology.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.398-406
• /
• 2015

Culture-dependent ARDRA and culture-independent DGGE were employed to investigate the bacterial community associated with the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected from Jeju Island. A total of 120 bacterial strains associated with the sponge were cultivated using modified Zobell and Marine agar media. PCR amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from the bacterial strains were digested with the restriction enzymes HaeIII and MspI, and then assigned into different groups according to their restriction patterns. The 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from ARDRA patterns showed more than 96% similarities compared with known bacterial species, and the isolates belonged to four classes, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, of which Alphaproteobacteria was dominant. DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes amplified from the sponge-derived total gDNA showed 14 DGGE bands, and their sequences showed 100% similarities compared with the sequences available in GenBank. The sequences derived from DGGE bands revealed high similarity with the uncultured bacterial clones. DGGE revealed that bacterial community consisted of seven classes, including Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteira, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi. According to both the ARDRA and DGGE methods, three classes, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, were commonly found in H. panicea. However, overall bacterial community in the sponge differed depending on the analysis methods. Sponge showed more various bacterial community structures in culture independent method than in culture-dependent method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2012

Culture-dependent RFLP and culture-independent DGGE were employed to investigate the bacterial community associated with the marine sponge Asteropus simplex collected from Jeju Island. A total of 120 bacterial strains associated with the sponge were cultivated using modified Zobell and MA media. PCR amplicons of the 16S rDNA from the bacterial strains were digested with the restriction enzymes HaeIII and MspI, and then assigned into different groups according to their restriction patterns. The 16S rDNA sequences derived from RFLP patterns showed more than 94% similarities compared with known bacterial species, and the isolates belonged to five phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, of which Gammaproteobacteria was dominant. DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rDNAs amplified from the sponge-derived total gDNA showed 12 DGGE bands, and their sequences showed more than 90% similarities compared with available sequences. The sequences derived from DGGE bands revealed high similarity with the uncultured bacterial clones. DGGE revealed that bacterial community consisted of seven phyla, including Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteira, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospira. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were commonly found in bacteria associated with A. simplex by both RFLP and DGGE methods, however, overall bacterial community in the sponge differed depending on the analysis methods. Sponge showed more various bacterial community structures in culture-independent method than in culture-dependent method.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.28-40
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was (1) to identify the experimental bias which could appear person perception as results of development methods (2) to find out the most desirable method in developments of stimulus. The research was a quasi experiment and the subjects were 358 male and female undergraduate students by convenient sampling. The experimental instruments consisted of a set of stimulus and semantic differential scales of 7-point bi-polar adjectives. The collected data were analyzed by Principle Component Analysis, ANOVA(analysis of variance), Scheffe's multiple range test. The independent variables were developing methods of stimulus(live person, photography of real person, 2 kinds of black and white line drawing, 2 kinds of color drawing). The results were as follows. First, five factors which were potency, sociality, appearance, evaluation, activity impressional dimensions emerged to account for the methods of development of stimulus. Second, the methods of development of stimulus had significant effects on potency, sociality, appearance, activity factors. In sociality factors, the impression of photographic stimulus was the closest to the live person's impression. However in the appearance and activity impressions, significant difference existed between live person and other developing stimulus. In the potency impression, black and white line-drawing gave the highest impressional bias. In the sociability and appearance impressions, color-drawing stimulus gave the highest impressional bias. Result: On conclusion the developments of stimulus can effect on stimulus person's impressions and these effects can produce experimental biases, the photographic stimulus gave the least impressional bias. The study shows that photography of real person will produce minimize measurement error.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2019

This research was conducted for the normal adults and kids to know the abdominal muscle activities by stimulating Vojta's brust zone. It was conducted for 10 adults who were average 21.5 years old and 10 kids who were 12.1 years old and did it once. We used EMG to know the abdorminal muscle activities and we chose the research method 'independent t test'. Only two adults and kids among subjects have reactions and the others have no reactions. This research reveals that hypothesis, Vojta's brust zone stimulates abdominal activities, didn't coincide completely but we will have more exact results by researching other subjects and choosing proficient method several months, not once.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 1999

Genetic engineering of stone fruit species like apricot, plum, peach and cherry are hampered by the inefficient and low-level regeneration processes in tissue culture. The first transgenic stone fruit species have emerged from transformed hypocotyls. These great achievements were applauded by the scientific community contrary the fact that hypocotyl derived transgenic plants have no real brooding value. Tissue culture of different organs of valuable cultivars are recorded with an extremely low-level of regeneration in the literature. To improve the tissue culture basis of stone fruit plants an extensive tissue culture programme were launched and dozens of different media were compared including a series of hormone concentration in the tissue culture systems. Our continuous efforts were crowned by a very efficient method for achieving up to 30-40% regenerable petioles. Usually on a single petiole several well-separated meristems were induced. After 3-4 weeks of cultivation shoots were developed. The basic media $K_2$ were supplemented with 10g/L saccharose, 10g/L glucose and 10g/L maltose. The following plant hormones were used BAP 1mg/L, TDZ 1mg/L, 2-iP 1mg/L and IAA 0,1 mg/L concentrations. The Petri dishes were kept for 3 weeks in dark at a temperature 22$^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours and 22-24$^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours. The Petri dishes were sealed with Parafilm. The regeneration of the petioles were genotype independent and we were able to regenerate different plum cultivars with almost the same efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation patterns of traditional fermented soybean products(jang) from the housewives living in Yangsan. 89.4% of the respondents used once a day, every meal and the frequency of eating was higher with getting older. 70% answered that the taste of their homemade doenjang was good, while only 2.5% were not be satisfied with their doenjang. According to the survey, 82.2% of the housewives used the meju made by the traditional method for jang preparation, of which perparation patterns showed remarkablely in the housewives living in the independent home. On the other hand, we could see that the amount of jang preparated one time in each home of Yangsan region was approximately 6∼10kg or 16∼20kg. The hard tasks of jang preparation were seasoning, storing and meju preparation. Especially, housewives living in the communal house had a difficulty in storing of jang. But most wants to continue to prepare jang by traditional method at home.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of job stress, perceptions of the patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities, and to identify factors influencing patient safety nursing activities among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods : For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 161 ICU nurses working in two university-affiliated hospitals in Gyeonggi-do between June 30 and July 30, 2020. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, the Pearson correlation method, and multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results : The average levels of job stress, perception of patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities were 3.48, 3.44, and 4.45 out of 5, respectively. Multiple regression showed that perception of patient safety culture and career in current workplace were found to be statistically significant correlates of patient safety nursing activities. Conclusion : In order to promote patient safety nursing activities, patient safety culture needs to be incorporated into the education of ICU nurses. Perception of patient safety should be enhanced to improve patients safety nursing activity.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.83-113
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study to empirically examine a smart work investment and job performance by change resistance. Firstly, There investigates mediating role of the communication between the smart work investment and the job performance. Secondly, It will identify the job productivity differences through a level of organizational change resistance that reduced smart work investment. The smart work is to provide the flexibility of time and location and is a working method to improve a work productivity of organization members. The introduction of smart work means the adoption of new organizational culture, institution and technology and requires a novel change of a custom and pattern on existing organization culture and institution because of transformation form of communication and collaboration. The method of this study adopts a structural equation model to test a mediating effect of communication and a moderating effect of change resistance level. This model confirms whether smart work investments provide a positive impact on communication and organizational productivity. In addition, I will classify a change resistance level of smart work by cluster analysis and then check a critical path difference of job productivity between each group. As a result, The organizational IT, institution and culture on the smart work investment appeared to important influencers in communication and also had a direct influence of individual performance. Also, The three independent variables of smart work investment have an indirect influence of individual and organizational performance through communication mediating variables. However, the organizational IT and institution as independent variables do not provide direct influence of organization performance. Nevertheless, two independent variables of organizational IT and institution have an indirect influence the organization performance through communication mediating variables. As a result of confirming a productivity of three groups on organization resistance, there was a difference the individual and organizational performance among groups. The low-level group of organizational resistance showed high coefficient value of performance compared to other groups. The group analysis implications, The smart work investment appeared significantly to revise the institution first, build culture secondly and advanced technology lastly. The theoretical implication from this study contributes an extension of social science theory through socio-technical systems, institution, culture, change resistance and job performance based on smart work. The practical implications explain the smart work success in step-by-step investment rather than radical investment as level management of change resistance. In future research, the smart work performance between private and public firms will analyze a difference of the organizational culture, institution, technology and performance.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.66-77
• /
• 2006

This review inquired the recently applied molecular biological and biochemical methods analyzing the microbial community structure of groundwater and, as a result, summarized the functional or taxonomic groups of active microorganisms with major contaminants in groundwater. The development of gene amplification through PCR has been possible to figure out microbial population and identification. Active microbial community structures have been analyzed using a variety of fingerprinting techniques such as DGGE, SSCP, RISA, and microarray and fatty acid analyses such as PLFA and FAME, and the activity of a specific strain has been examined using FISH. Also, this review included the dominant microflora in groundwater contaminated with fuel components such as n-alkanes, BTEX, MTBE, and ethanol and chlorinated compounds such as TCE, PCE, PCB, CE, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene.