• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency and quality of in vitro embryo production in Korean Native Cows (KNC). We examined the effects of ovarian morphologies (Experiment 1) and the culture vessel (Experiment 2) on in vitro maturation (IVM). We measured the subsequent development rates and cell numbers of blastocysts. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of KNC were divided into six groups, based on follicle and corpus luteum (CL) morphology. The development rates to the 2- and 8-cell stages were similar among the six groups. The development rates to blastocyst stages were significantly higher in the group without a CL or follicle (WOCL/F) than in the groups with follicular cysts (FCs), regressive CLs (RCLs) or cystic CLs (CCLs) (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts in the FCs and RCLs groups, and the number of cells in the trophectoderm (TE) in the WOCL/F group, FCs, growing CLs (GCLs) and RCLs were significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The total cell number (TCN) in the WOCL/F, FC and RCL groups was also significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The ICM cell number/TCN ratio was significantly higher in the FC and RCL groups than in the GCL and DF groups (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, oocyte IVM was carried out in culture dishes, in 0.25- or 0.5-ml straws used for freezing sperm. The development rate to the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the 0.5-ml straw group than in the 0.25-ml straw group. The development rates to the blastocyst stage were similar in the dish and the two straw groups. There were no differences in the cell numbers of ICM, TE or TCN or ICM cell number/TCN ratios between groups.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to compare the insemination time of bovine oocytes and determine the effects of glucose(1.5 mM) on the development of bovine embryos at early cleavage stage. Oocytes were matured for 24 h, followed by exposure to sperm and cultured in modified Tyrode's media drops or with bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayer prepared in TCM199(BOECM). Insemination time and culture system were varied in each experiment. In experiment 1, to investigate the developmental capacity of bovine embryos after different time of exposure to sperm, bovine ova and sperm were co-incubated for 18, 30 or 54 h, respectively. The development to blastocysts of 30 and 54 h insemination groups were significantly higher(P<0.05) than 18 h group, and in case of blastocysts of cleaved embryos, 30 h group were significantly higher(P<0.05) than other groups. In experiment 2, we investigated the effect of glucose on early bovine embryos. After 18 h insemination, in vitro fertilized oocytes were separated following 3 groups ; G+0, C+24 and C+48. Oocytes of G+0 group were cultured in glucose added Tyrode's medium after fertilization, oocytes in C+24 and C+48 groups were cultured in glucose free Tyrode's medium after fertilization. After 24 h culture, G+24 group was moved to glucose added medium. All oocytes of 3 groups were moved to BOECM after 48 h culture. The rates of cleavage and development to blastocysts in G+0 group were significantly lower than other groups. In experiment 3, we determined the effects of glucose exposure from 8 to 20 h after insemination on the cleavage and development of oocytes. The oocytes in glucose added group had high capacity of cleavage and further development. This study shows that in bovine oocytes, the optimal exposure to sperm is 30 h and glucose exposure to bovine one-cell embryos is detrimental to their first cleavage and further development in vitro but there has no evidence of detrimental effect of glucose(1.5 mM) exposure to bovine embryos over the two-cell stage in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Recurrent pregnancy loss occurs in approximately 0.5-3% of women. There are many studies concerning immunological factor recently. Therefore, aim of this study is to examine the latest trend of researches concerning recurrent pregnancy loss, and controlled experiment on animals about antiphospholipid antibody. Method : We referred Pubmed site by using searching word of 'recurrent pregnancy loss' (Limits : 2000.1-2004.3, animal) Results and conclusions : 1. We searched 29 papers. Immunological factor : 18 ( about antiphospholipid antibody : 10 ), Chromosomal abnormality : 6, The others : 5 2. In five papers about controlled experiment on animals, (1) Materials : 8-12 weeks old mice / 11.5-day old-rat embryos / New Zealand rabbit (2) Inductions : inject intraperitoneally with human IgG containing antiphospholipid antibodies / culture in a solution of 1 ml medium which contained IgG purified from sera of women / inject intradermally with cardiolipin (3) Treatments : inject intraperitoneally with complement component before / culture in a solution of 1 ml medium which contained IgG purified from sera of women with SLE and RPL or from healthy women / inject intradermally with TFX, 0.9% NaCl (4) Measurements : weight fetuses and placentas, calculate frequency of fetal resorption / after culture, examine the embryos / examine platelet counts, APTT and numbers of live and dead newborns, resorbed fetuses, body mass, newborn viability and survival rates.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2010

This paper is a research to know how to influence english lessons in a elementary school, when the class uses both video UCC and PPT to understand for an american culture and english lessons. We study 68 students in the 5th grader for 5 months. The results of the experiment research are as follows. Students of an experiment group show the advanced increase than a control group in understanding. We measure the degree of interesting about English lesson. The motive and interest in english lessons of an experiment group show the developed result. We put a question the experiment group on their opinion in video UCC utility. The experimental group answer the ratio of very positive opinion in usefulness and interest.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2014

The mass mortalities have been occurring of Korean scallop Patinopecten yessoensis from 1997's to now in Korea east sea. Cages behavior and interference effect (common name; curtain effect) between scallop cages were investigated in culture grounds on the eastern coastal waters of Korea for understand to mechanism of rising about mass mortalities of Korean scallop quickly. The first experiment was carried out in circulating water channel to assess inclination angel from relationship between velocity and cages interval, velocity with culture cages position. An angle of inclination of scallop culture cages were 94.6 to 92.3 degree under a several velocity which were from 0.1 m/s and 131.9 to 118.1 degree under 0.5 m/s with cages interval were 1 m, 94.3 to 91.0 degree under velocity is 0.1 m/s and 133.2 to 122.4 degree under 0.5 m/s with cages interval were 1.5 m and 94.6 to 96.4 degree under velocity is 0.1 m/s and 131.7 to 131.8 under 0.5 m/s with cages interval were 2 m. The second experiment was designed to prove the tank test. Velocities were measured inside and outside of the scallop culture ground at eastern sea of Korea. The velocity of inside of the culture was the slowest as 0.1m/s. In this result, interference between former cage and after cage was occurred.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2007

To investigate the effects of Pichia anomala SKM-T and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 on Baechu kimchi fermentation, lyophilized yeasts were added to Baechu kimchi and co-cultured at room temperature ($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) for 7 days. Desirable pH and acidity levels appeared by 3 days of fermentation in both the control culture and that with added G. geotrichum SJM-59. Furthermore, the culture with G. geotrichum SJM-59 sustained a desirable pH and acidity level until 5 days of co-culture. The pH of the culture with P. anomala SKM-T decreased slowly and was significantly higher than that of control throughout the experimental period. As fermentation time increased, the acidity of the culture with P. anomala SKM-T increased gradually. However, this culture maintained a desirable acidity level throughout the experiment. The number of lactic acid bacteria in the culture with P. anomala SKM-T was higher than in the culture with G. geotrichum SJM-59, or the control culture, throughout the experiment. The highest LA/TM ratio appeared after 3 nays of fermentation in the control culture, and on the 5 day of the yeasts added co-cultures. On sensory evaluation, no differences were detected between control and the culture with G. geotrichum SJM-59 arter 3 days of fermentation. The co-cultures with yeasts received high marks in umami taste. The co-culture with P. anomala SKM-T showed better texture properties than did the control culture. It was considered that fermentation times were delayed by addition of G. geotrichum SJM-59 or P. anomala SKM-T to Baechu kimchi fermentation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 1998

In this study, we investigated the effects of three kinds of culture medium (Charles and Rosenkrans; CRlaa, Tyrode's; TALP, synthetic oviduct fluid: SOF), insulin transferrin + selenium complex (ITS), macromolecules(polyvinyl alcohol: PVA, fetalb-ovine serum: FBS) and NaCl on the development of early bovine embryos. In experiment 1, there were no differences in embryo development among three kinds of embryo culture medium (CR $l_{aa}$ , TALP, SOF). In experiment 2, BSA, FBS and PVA were added each in TALP as macromolecule sources. The developmental rates of embryos in BSA or FBS added TALP were significantly higher than in PVA added one (p〈0.01), but there was no difference between BSA and FBS added groups. In experiment 3, bovine embryos were cultured in TALP with the following supplements: BSA alone(1, 3 or 8 mg/ml, each) or BSA(1, 3 or 8 mg/ml, each)+ITS (10$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 insulin, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml selenium). In higher concentration of BSA and ITS supplemented groups, the developmental rates over compacted morula were higher than others, but there was a significant effect of ITS only in 1 mg/ml of BSA added group (p〈0.05). In experiment 4, the effect of reduced concentration of NaCl was evaluated. The developmental rate over compacted morula in the medium containing 90 mM of NaCl was higher than in 114 mM group (p〈0.05). In conclusion, BSA could be used as a macromolecule source in bovine embryo culture, and ITS, as a serum substitute, could be used for improving of embryonic development. Also, reduction of NaCl concentration from 114 mM to 90 mM may improve the development of bovine embryos.bryos.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2003

Batch culture of mutant derived from Pichia ciferrii ATCC 14091 was investigated for producing the intracellular tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS). Composite experimental design was used to optimize the composition of the culture medium for maximizing the productivity of TAPS. In this experiment, various culture parameters were investigated that were the effects of temperature, the initial culture pH, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, the concentration of trace elements, and the concentration of cofactors. The optimal temperature for cell growth and TAPS synthesis appeared to be %25^{\circ}C$. An initial pH value of 7.5 gave the best results. Under the best condition, the maximum TAPS concentration indicated 7.2 g/L and its productivity was 0.06 g/L-hr in a 2.5 L jar

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 1993

Early development of bovine oocytes fertilized in vitro in the medium with caffeine and heparin was examined in different culture systems. When the oocytes were transferred into culture medium 8 h after insemination, 12%(7/60) of penetrated oocytes cleaved to 4-cell stage 24 h after insemination. The proportions of oocytes cleaved to 80to 16-cell stage 48 h after insemination had also a to be higher in oocytes transferred into culture medium 8 h (29%) than 16 h(10%) or 24 h(4%) after insemination. 52% of the 4-cell embryos developed to morula and blastocyst stages when they were co-cultured with oviductal epithelia, whereas only 5% of embryos cultured without the epithelial cells(P<0.001). In another experiment, embryos were co-cultured with ampulla, isthmus or utero-tubal junction of oviducts. There are no significant differences in the proportions of embryos developed to morula and blastocyst stage.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2012

As culture technology is recognized as the important element of national industry, the necessity of the related policy development for enhancement of culture technology is magnified. In this study, we use conjoint analysis to investigate how the researchers from industry and academia think differently on the importance of several attributes in government-supported culture technology research project such as research period, size of research fund, inter-affiliated research requirement and interdisciplinary research requirement, and preference on those attribute levels. Also, we describes how a simulation experiment is designed to simulate participation shares of four alternative hypothetical research project profiles. This study will help establish the more effective policy of the national research program by understanding the preferential differences between industry and academia on the research project attributes.