• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2013

Diverse fungi are present in Korean traditional meju and they are known to play an important role in fermented soybean products. To determine the origin of the fungi in meju, we examined the mycoflora of soybeans from 10 traditional meju factories. The samples were untreated or treated with sodium hypochlorite, and placed on malt extract agar (MEA), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), and dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) medium. A total of 794 fungal strains were isolated and they were identified as 41 genera and 86 species. From sodium hypochlorite untreated soybeans, the genera, Cladosporium (55%), Eurotium (51%), Fusarium (33%), Penicillium (22%), and Aspergillus (exclusion of Eurotium) (20%), were mainly isolated, and Eurotium herbariorum (22%), Eurotium repens (18%), Cladosporium tenuissimum (18%), F. fujikuroi (18%), Aspergillus oryzae/flavus (7%), and Penicillium steckii (6%) were the predominant species. In case of sodium hypochloritetreated soybeans, Eurotium (31%) and Cladosporium (5%) were frequently isolated, but Aspergillus (excluding Eurotium), Penicillium and Fusarium which were frequently isolated from untreated soybeans, were rarely isolated. Eurotium herbariorum (21%), Eurotium repens (8%), and Cladosporium tenuissimum (3%) were the predominant species. Of the 41 genera and 86 species isolated from soybeans, 13 genera and 33 species were also found in meju. These results suggest that the fungi on soybeans may influence the mycoflora of meju.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an economically important fungal pathogen causing substantial yield losses indifferent host plants. To understand the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of this fungus, we have developed a novel, high-resolution multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) method. Bioinformatic analysis of C. gloeosporioides unannotated genome sequence yielded eight potential microsatellite loci, of which five, CG1 $(GT)_n$, CG2 $(GT1)_n$, CG3 $(TC)_n$, CG4 $(CT)_n$, and CG5 $(CT1)_n$ were selected for further study based on their universal amplification potential, reproducibility, and repeat number polymorphism. The selected microsatellites were used to analyze 31 strains of C. gloeosporioides isolated from 20 different host plants from India. All microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic, and the approximate fragment sizes of microsatellite loci CG1, CG2, CG3, CG4, and CG5 were in ranges of 213-241, 197-227, 231-265, 209-275, and 132-188, respectively. Among the 31 isolates, 55 different genotypes were identified. The Simpson's index of diversity (D) values for the individual locus ranged from 0.79 to 0.92, with the D value of all combined five microsatellite loci being 0.99. Microsatellite data analysis revealed that isolates from Ocimum sanctum, Capsicum annuum (chili pepper), and Mangifera indica (mango) formed distinct clusters, therefore exhibited some level of correlation between certain genotypes and host. The developed MLMT method would be a powerful tool for studying the genetic diversity and any possible genotype-host correlation in C. gloeosporioides.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2017

Smartphones are fast growing in the IT market and are the most influential devices in our daily life. Smartphones are being studied for their use in body sensor networks with excellent processing power and wireless communication technology. In this paper, we propose a coordinator design that provides data collection, classification, and display using based on Android-smartphone in multiple sensor nodes. The coordinator collects data of sensor nodes that measure biological patterns using wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth and NFC. The coordinator constructs a network using a multiple-level scheduling algorithm for efficient data collection at multiple sensor nodes. Also, to support different protocols between heterogeneous sensors, a data sheet recording wireless communication protocol information is used. The designed coordinator used Arduino to test the performance of multiple sensor node environments.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2014

Black molds were occurred on silicon of washbasin in a bathroom in apartment. Blocks of silicon where the fungi grew, were placed on MEA, DG18, DRBC, PDA+PS media, and 18 strains of fungi were isolated. They were identified as Phoma herbarum, Peyronellaea calorpreferens, Cladosporim halotolerans based on morphological and molecular methods. Ph. herbarum and Pe. calorpreferens were isolated with high frequency, but C. halotolerans was isolated with low frequency. The fungal strains were deposited in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), and they shall be used for further related researches.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

Pigmentation of ascospore-derived isolates from seven different natural specimens of Cordyceps militaris EFCC C-5888, EFCC C-7159, EFCC C-7833, EFCC C-7991, EFCC C-8021, EFCC C-8023 and EFCC C-8179 was observed on the plates of Sabouraud Dextrose agar plus Yeast Extract at $25^{\circ}C$ under continuous illumination (500 lux). Pigmentation of the wild-type isolates of C. militaris was diverse ranging from yellowish white to orange, while white color was believed as a mutant. Inheritance of pigmentation was found to be controlled by both parental isolates when F1 progeny were analyzed. Pigmentation and mating type were shown to be either independent or distantly linked each other due to the high percentage of non-parental phenotypes among F1 progeny. Crosses between white mutant isolates of C. militaris yielded progeny with wild type pigmentations, indicating that the albino mutations in the parents were unlinked to each other.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

Conidial development of Cordyceps militaris was observed from germinating ascospores and vegetative hyphae through light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ascospores were discharged from fresh specimens of C. militaris in sterile water as well as Sabouraud Dextrose agar plus Yeast Extract (SDAY) plates. We observed ascospore germination and conidial formation periodically. Under submerged condition in sterile water, most part-spores germinated unidirectionally and conidia were developed directly from the tips of germinating hyphae of part-spores within 36 h after ascospore discharge, showing microcyclic conidiation. First-formed conidia were cylindrical or clavate followed by globose and ellipsoidal ones. Germination of ascospores and conidial development were observed on SDAY agar by SEM. Slimy heads of conidia on variously arranged phialides, from solitary to whorl, developed 5 days after ascospore discharge. Besides, two distinct types of conidia, elongated pyriform or cylindrical and globose, were observed in the same slimy heads by SEM. Conidia were shown to be uninucleate with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Conidiogenous cells were more slender than vegetative hyphae, having attenuated tips. Microcyclic conidiation, undifferentiated conidiogenous hyphae (phialides), polymorphic conidia and solitary, opposite to whorled type of phialidic arrangement are reported here as the characteristic features of asexual stage of C. militaris, which can be distinguished from other Cordyceps species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.595-598
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• 2000

Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen to fish as well as human. It is a food-borne disease, and causes severe mortality in fish, and sometimes severe septicemia in human. In this study, a rapid detection method using latex agglutination has been developed for A. hydrophila. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against membrane and whole cells of three isolates from rainbow trout. Among these, latex particles coated with antibodies raised against whole cells of isolate No. 2 showed the best sensitivity. With latex particles coated with this antibody, we could detect $5{\times}10^4$ CFU of A. hydrophila in 5 min. The cross-reactivity with bacteria constituting the normal intestinal microflora and other pathogens for rainbow trout was insignificant. This latex agglutination assay method produced positive reaction with all clinical isolates of A. hydrophila which were identified by species-specific PCR for 16S rRNA in A. hydrophila.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.987-1003
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to supply available data for men's fashion design planning by analyzing the trend and design tendency of the preppy look in the domestic men's collection. In the men's collection of Seoul fashion week from 2011 S/S to 2015 S/S, 494 photos judged to be the preppy look by three design specialists were chosen in Seoul fashion week and style.com's web-site. Design analyses were compiled based on year, season, brands, item, color, material, and silhouette. The preppy look was found often in S/S season, three piece combinations were the most common, and "H", "I" silhouettes were also popular. Refined black and refreshing orange were used with traditional preppy colors like navy, beige, gray, and white. Contrast color arrangement and neutral, moderate tones were seen repeatedly. Two-thirds of fabrics were pattern-less with clean, bulky, and soft textures. Coordinating accessories like hats, backpacks, books, headsets were used frequently. Among the various preppy fashion types, there were 'traditional preppy' faithful to tradition, 'sophisticated preppy' with refined semi-formal look, 'sportive preppy' with active sports sense, and 'natural preppy' with natural and comfortable senses. In a contemporary preppy look, traditional and practical senses are combined with casual and sportive pieces. This study can provide the data for design planning, interpreting, and applying the fashion themes along with contemporary sensibilities since the preppy look is based on cultural history.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to set a characteristic design by analyzing formative properties for the hat and fashion image shown in fashion collections from the S/S season of 1998 to the F/W season of 2004 in recent seven years. For the study, the 96 stimuli which found frequently in fashion collection were selected. The examines for the image evaluation were women college students majoring fashion design related fields and living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do. Data collection was performed in August 2004. As statistical methods for data analysis, internal consistency method, Factor Analysis, MANOVA were used. Based on the analysis of 31 pairs of adjectives for elucidating the total 96 stimuli which were devised by altering the types of garment, the relation between a garment and a color of hat, the types of hat, the length of hair, and the material and design of garment, five factors or attractiveness, gracefulness, concentration, cuteness, and hardness and softness were deduced. And it showed much difference in the types of garment, the relations between a garment and a color of hat, the types of hat, the length of hair, and the material and design of a garment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.310-316
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• 2022

The smart tourism service provides services such as travel planning and tour guides to tourists using key technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, such as the Internet of Things, communication infrastructure, big data, artificial intelligence, AR/VR, and drones. We are developing smart tourism services such as recommended travel products, my travel itinerary, tourism information, and chatbots for tourists through the smart tourism app. In this paper, we develop a smart tourism service system that provides real-time location-based tourism information and weather information to tourists. The smart tourism service system consists of a smart tourism app, a smart tourism information system, and an IoT data collection device. The smart tourism information system receives weather information from the IoT data collection device installed in the tourist destination. The location-based smart tourism service is provided as a smart tourism app in the smart tourism information system according to the Beacon's UUID in the IoT data collection device. The smart tourism information system stores the Beacon's UUIDs received from tourists and provides a safe hiking service for tourists.