• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.387-410
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to approach to the internal meanings included in the Happening and the culture of hippies, by analysing the basic mental conditions in the process of the Happening. And this study was composed of the concept and the development of Happening, the characteristics of the hippies that related in the midst of the happening's background, and the formativeness between these factors and hippies'fashion. Since the happening a genre of fine arts expression attended the New School for social research in New York in 1954, Allan Kaprow direct-influenced by John Cage used the word 'Hapening'first, practicing '18 Happenings in 6 parts'at the Rueben gallery in 1959. Kaprow's 18 Happenings was one of the earliest opportunities for a wider public to attend the live events that several artists had performed more privately for various friends. Despite the very different sensibilities and structures of artist's works, artists were all thrown together by the press under the general heading of 'Happening', following Kaprow's 18 Happenings. Being considered as the root of the Happening 'Expression of Sound'of John Cage was the discovery of the exisiting thing- the Happening. Most artists were to be deeply influenced by Cage's theories and attitudes-that is, his sympathy for Zen Buddihism and oriental philosophy-and by reports of the Black Mountain events. These events would directly reflect contemporary painting and stemmed from the Futurists, Dadaists and Surrealists. And Happening's development background was based on the culture of hippies. Swinging London had been under the sway of psychedelic drugs and utopian visions of 'hippie'wave sweeping in from Califonia. This wave, which affected solid middle-class youth first and formost, began in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. Without dwelling on the hippie movement here, it is worth nothing that it resulted from the convergence of several undercurrents : consciousness-expending drugs, the anti-Vietnam war developments, the impact of English pop groups on American music and the rise of protest songs, and finally the beatnik tradition of non-conformism. Hippie culture and its pursuit of love, peace and psychedelia was the antitheses of 1960s main street fashion. The media gave everyone with long hair the label of 'hippie', but it was always a very loose collage of attitudes and styles. The rejection of sexual taboos was conveyed by the hippie's refusal to wear. Although the bold exposure of body raised controversies because it went against the existing moral values, it has a significant implications. Psychedelics brought mind-expansion and the possibillity that modern technology (light show, synthesized electronic sounds), new fabrics or colors, and LSD could be utilized to provide an escape route from the dreariness of modern life. During the 1960s, traditional costumes, many of which had never been seen outside their native regions, became sought after and adopted in the West, initially by the young, who wanted to demonstrate their solidarity with cultures uncontaminated by mass industry. The most ardent proponents of such folk costumes were the hippies. Hippies dress was sometimes decribed as 'anti-fashion', produced by a patchwork of ragged cast-offs and flamboyant accessories, of outmoded Western dress and time-honored ethnic garments all combined, modified and permutated into variety of personal statements. 'Flower Power'became a reality. From the results of this study, we can see the expanding trend of the influence and the concept of the sew art genre 'Happening'in the formativeness as well as the fine arts field.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.273-281
• /
• 2013

In order to evaluate how the effects of aquacultural environment, such as temperature, salinity, DO, SS, Chlorophyll-a, COD and nutritive salts on Cupped oysters, an investigational study was conducted between September to December of 2011. During the study, different intermediate cage farms on the surface of the sea were used to culture and compare the growth and survival rate of the Cupped oysters in different fishing environments. The different intermediate cage farms used were Wonsando-ri, Chang-ri, and Pado-ri. In January of 2012, these oysters were transplanted to a horizontal net farm in a mudflat until July of that year. The adaptation rates of the Cupped oysters were tested at differential exposure times at varying intertidal periods. Wonsando-ri showed the highest water temperature and Chlorophyll-a levels, while the salinity was found to be within range of stable conditions among all three intermediate cage farms. Once the Cupped oysters were at the horizontal net farm, the growth was measured at distinct tidal exposure time of 1, 3, and 5 hours, whereby the growth rate was highest at 3, 1, and 5 hours, respectively. In addition, the oysters cultivated in intermediate cage farms had longer shell lengths compared to shell heights, while oysters cultured in the horizontal net farm had larger shell heights than shell lengths.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2012

We studied that the effects of mesh size and material of cages on the growth of C. farreri (initial shell height 38.6 mm and shell total weight 7.2 g) held in suspension cage from September 2005 to October 2006. The experiment was performed with two mesh sizes (1 cm and 2 cm) and two materials (net and plastic) of cages in same densities. After 13 months from culture beginning, ranges of shell height and total weight were from 69.7 mm to 73.9 mm and from 36.1 g to 47.0 g, respectively. The survival rate was from 93% to 100%, respectively. The growth rates of the scallop were positively correlated with the mesh size. In the growth rate according to culture material, the growth of scallop in the plastic cage was faster than that in the net cage from September 2005 to June 2006, but the growth in the plastic was slower than that in the net cage for obstruction by attaching organisms from June to October 2006.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2004

Objectives: There are many habitual drinking in rural area. So it is the key point of drinking control policy in rural community to understand the drinking behavior in leisure time and to have an appropriate screening method for problem drinking. CAGE and AUDIT are famous screening tools for problem drinking and alcoholics. Even though there are some studies to validate CAGE and AUDIT which translated in Korean, they were not studied with community based population but with hospital based patients. In this study we assessed the usefulness of CAGE and AUDIT for selecting problem drinking in a rural population, and compared problem drinkers with normal group about spending leisure, Methods: The study subjects were 120 residents over 20 years old who lived in 3 districts in Dong-San Myun near Chun-chon city. We made up questionnaire by interview from Feb. 13 to 19, 2004. Results: The mean age of study population was 66.01 .26 years old. Defining the problem drinking as more than 12 score in AUDIT and more than 2 score in CAGE, the proportion of problem drinker was 30.600 and 28.9% respectively. This proportions were higher than those of other national wide studies. There were significant difference in drinking frequency per week and amount per one episode between problem drinker and normal group. Experience about driving, accident, injury, disturbance in working and quarrel after drinking were also significantly different. Problem drinker were more tolerable to the bad social culture about drinking (eg. force to drink, bad drunken habit. overdrinking, drinking relay etc.) than normal group. Watching TV and playing with neighborhood were most frequent method of spending leisure in this study population, normal male group exercised more frequently in leisure time than problem drinker. Conclusions: It may be useful to use CAGE and AUDIT score for screening problem drinking in rural community. Appropriate utilization of leisure time may he important for control of problem drinking in rural area.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2014

This study is aimed to analyze the economic performance of black rockfish aquaculture by standardizing cost structures by region and farming size. The result of survey on farming and sale condition in each region, stocking density, survival rate, juvenile price, and unit production was the highest at Yeosu and Tongyeong, Heuksando showed the lowest. While rearing period was the longest at Tongyeong, the shortest region was Yeosu and Wando. In farming cost structure by region, amount of feeing was the highest at Tongyeong and Yeosu, and the lowest was Heuksando. Cost of medicine was high in Wando and Taean region, Yeosu and Hecksando was low. In case of farm size, feed cost ratio was high in the order of medium(0.75ha), small(0.25ha) and large(1.25ha) size. Standard production cost at every farm size of Heuksando showed the lowest among these regions. Taean and Yeosu was middle, and Tongyeong and Wando was the highest. According to the income, profit rate and investment return of farm size in all regions, as the bigger farm size, the higher income and profit rate was revealed. However, in case of Wando, Taean, and Heuksando which regions has high investment return, medium farm size was higher than large size. The result of economic analysis according to various factors, economic feasibility of black rockfish aquaculture in marine floating cage was showed significant changes by rearing and market condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.84-84
• /
• 2013

FcBP consisting of 13 amino acids specifically binds to Immunoglobulin G Fc domain. Initially, we utilized this peptide for preparation of antibody chip as a PEG composite for enhanced solubility. After then, the peptide conjugate was immobilized on agarose resin, resulting in highly efficient affinity column for antibody purification. The efficiency was comparable to commercial Protein A column. Recently, this peptide was conjugated with cell penetratingpeptide (CPP) on a backbone of GFP, affording antibody transducer, which carries antibody into live cells by simple mixing of antibody and the transducer in cell culture media. Antibody transduction into cells was monitored by live cell imaging. More recently, the FcBP was fused to ferritin cage, which consists of 24 ferritin protein molecules. The FcBP-ferritin cage showed greatly increased binding affinity to human IgG. Its binding was analyzed by QCM and SPR analysis. Finally, it was selectively delivered by Herceptin to SKBR3, a breast cancer cell, over MCF10A, non-tumorigenic cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.598-611
• /
• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the range of influence of aquaculture activities in fish cage farms located on the southern coast of Korea (Farm A and B in Hadong, Farm C in Tongyoung, and Farm D in Geoje) by analyzing the distribution and characteristics of polychaete communities. Farm A and B showed remarkably high aquaculture intensity, and as a result, the polychaete communities near the farms were heavily polluted. However, there was a difference in the polychaete communities at a distance greater than 30 m from farm A and B, which may be due to topographical differences. The effect of the aquaculture activity of Farm C was only observed below the farm, however, the influence of aquaculture activities Farm D was maintained over a relatively long distance. According to the results of this study, the effect of the fish cage culture was mainly influenced by factors related to the production of fish, such as the stocking amount and the amount of food supply. Moreover, the distance at which the influence of aquaculture activity was observed was found to be closely related to the topographical characteristics and flow velocity around the farms.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.37-69
• /
• 2020

This study was designed to investigate the characteristics, aesthetics, similarities and differences through the flow of Korean female movies. In order to carry out this study, four movies with representations of each age had to be selected. These four films are respectively Sweet Dream produced during the Japanese colonial period, Madame Freedom which prompted the debate on feminism in the 1950s, The Silver Stallion Will Never Come which combines the devastated lives of women in the 1990s with anti-malevolent views, and A Good Lawyer's Wife which presents a futuristic selection of Korean feminist films. Especially, these works are noteworthy in that they guarantee the typicality and representative of Korean films in each period. Based on this, two common motifs appearing in these works have been intensively studied. One is a 'cage' motif that symbolizes women's detention and the other is a 'mirror' motif that women need to be aware of their situation and check the current situation. Korean women's films have not only shared some of the motifs of 'Cage' and 'Mirror', but also have focused on conveying the author's message that ultimately aimed at linking these motifs.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2015

The effects of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rate of the 3-year-old pacific abalone, Haliotis dicus hannai were investigated in marine net cage for a year. Stocking densities in net cage ($2.4{\times}1.2m$) was set 15, 30, 45 and 60 percentage (= per)/sq m (square meter, $m^2$) with share to cross-sectional area per shelter. The water temperature during the testing period was $8.2^{\circ}C-22.1^{\circ}C$, and salinity is $33.5{\pm}0.6psu$, and dissolved oxygen is $7.87{\pm}0.86mg/L$. In the shell length (initial size : $71.50{\pm}2.28mm$) growth and shell breadth (initial size : $46.43{\pm}2.28mm$) of the test abalones, the absolute growth rate (ARG), daily growth rate (DGR) and specific growth rates (SGR) of the 15 per/sq m and 30 per/sq m were higher than those of 45 per/sq m and 60 per/sq m density group (P < 0.05). Also in the weight (initial weight : $35.7{\pm}8.1g$), it showed the same results. In survival rates, it were that 15 per/sq m and 30 per/sq m is significantly higher than 45 per/sq m and 60 per/sq m. Therefore, it was that the 15 per/sq m is optimized stocking density in marine net cages about the 3-year-old pacific abalone over 70 mm size. The result shown that total cross-sectional area under the shelter is based on 15 per/sq m ($2.4{\times}2.4m$, 354 number in a net cage) is suitable for fast growth and survival. But if the economy consider, optimized stocking density would be appropriate to accept 30 per/sq m ($2.4{\times}2.4m$, 710 number in a net cage).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.110-111
• /
• 2013

FcBP consisting of 13 amino acids specifically binds to Immunoglobulin G Fc domain. Initially, we utilized this peptide for preparation of antibody chip as a PEG composite for enhanced solubility. After then, the peptide conjugate was immobilized on agarose resin, resulting in highly efficient affinity column for antibody purification. The efficiency was comparable to commercial Protein A column. Recently, this peptide was conjugated with cell penetrating peptide (CPP) on a backbone of GFP, affording antibody transducer, which carries antibody into live cells by simple mixing of antibody and the transducer in cell culture media. Antibody transduction into cells was monitored by live cell imaging. More recently, the FcBP was fused to ferritin cage, which consists of 24 ferritin protein molecules. The FcBP-ferritin cage showed greatly increased binding affinity to human IgG. Its binding was analyzed by QCM and SPR analysis. Finally, it was selectively delivered by Herceptin to SKBR3, a breast cancer cell, over MCF10A, non-tumorigenic cells (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Fluorescent microscopic images of SKBR3 breast cancer cells (A~C) and MCF10A breast cells (D~F) treated with Cy3-trastuzumab/fFcBP-Pf_Fn complexes. Trastuzumab and FcBP-Pf_Fn, which were labeled with Cy3 (Cy3-trastuzumab) and fluorescein (fFcBP-Pf_Fn), respectively, selectively targeted SKBR3 over MCF10A.