• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

This thesis analyzed the correlation between the psychological characteristics of adolescents and the use of games in the first year students of the national high school in 2016. The game is one of the representative entertainment industries in Korea and is an industry that has a great influence on becoming a powerhouse as cultural contents. However, games and immersion are expressed as a negative vocabulary of game addiction and are referred to as social problems and youth problems, and they give negative perception to the content of games. All users have the right to enjoy the content, but only negative words are used in poisonous games and they are packed as if they are social problems. In the present study, many emotional problems that were derived from previous studies were not related to game use in general adolescents. Through the questions related to 'depression', students who are not motivated or energy. The results of this study are as follows. First, the positive effects of game and youth emotional problems were derived through the conclusion that students who are active and emotionally bright are more likely to use game contents. This study was conducted to help change the social perception of the game positively by breaking the social fixed point of view that the emotionally troubled adolescents engage with the game and cause social problems.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.481-491
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• 2019

The wall paintings of the Afrasiab Palace in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, located at the center of the Silk Road where the culture of the East and the West crossed from ancient times to the Middle Ages, have been unearthed in 1960s and attracted attention from academia. In particular, two characters wearing a Korean ancient hat (Jougwan), who were considered to be ancient Korean, were found in the western wall. The wall depicted the Coronation of King Barfuman of Sogdiana Kingdom in 7th century. It is being used as an important feed for studying the international situation and cultural characteristics at that time. This mural, which is now in the Historical Museum of Afrasiab, contain four different paintings at each side, and has its own cultural characteristics and elements. Nevertheless, there has been no development of storytelling and cultural contents using it. The purpose of this study is to find out how to develop and utilize cultural contents and characters based on the paintings of west wall of Afrasiab palace. To this end, we visited the museum and investigated the mural as well as surveyed many academic materials.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-136
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• 2017

This study investigates the moderating effects of corporate mentoring on the relationship between entrepreneurship and start-up satisfaction. The research was designed to examine a direct relationship between the entrepreneurship on the start-up satisfaction. In addition, indirect impacts of corporate mentoring on the relationship between entrepreneurship and start-up satisfaction. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires through e-mail or direct visit to the participating companies in the Start-up Leading University Project, college start-up clubs, companies in university business incubating centers, and general entrepreneurs in Busan and Gyeongnam areas. Empirical data was then analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program. The results reveal that such categories as innovation and autonomy in entrepreneurship have a direct positive effect on entrepreneurial satisfaction and the corporate mentoring has a moderating effect only when autonomy has a direct positive effect on start-up satisfaction. It is implied that an improvement of start-up satisfaction may be attained only when mentoring programs are well accepted by entrepreneurs and their workers while working in a free and autonomous environment with a flexible corporate culture. This study may provide the theoretical and practical implications for start-up support organizations such as start-up support groups of Start-Up Leading University Project.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.219-235
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• 2023

The advancement of digital technology and the impact of COVID-19 have brought about changes in corporate innovation and organizational culture, thereby highlighting the significance of Smart Learning in the field of HRD (Human Resource Development). This trend has led to an increased interest in personalized Smart Learning among employees due to the growth of hybrid work and the widespread adoption of smart work practices. This study aimed to illuminate the relative importance of the factors that constitute Smart Learning from the perspective of HRD practitioners. Through a review of prior literature, Smart Learning hierarchy and factors most fitting to the current context were identified, and their relative importance was determined using the AHP method. Consequently, in the first-tier factors, importance was confirmed in the order of 'Learning Activities', 'Teaching Activities', 'Learning Content', 'Assessment and Evaluations', and 'Learning Time and Space'. At the second-tier encompassing all factors, 'Pedagogical Strategy', 'Learning Results', 'Learning Tasks', 'Learning Goal', and 'Learning Support' emerged within the top five factors. These findings are significant in that they redefine the concept of smart learning and propose an academic framework for future research. Additionally, from a practical perspective, it is anticipated that this study will contribute valuable insights for HRD practitioners, aiding them in focusing on which factors to prioritize for enhancing and advancing Smart Learning initiatives.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.124-135
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• 1978

This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of ginger, gerlic and red pepper, usually used as the ingredients of Kimchi, on the growth and acid production of Lact. plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338 during incubation in the medium containing different amount of each extract. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The effects of ginger extract a. The growth of Lact. plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338 tended to be stimulated as the amount of extract added into the medium increased in a certain amount (3.64mg soluble solid/ml). b. The pH of the culture medium of Lact. plantarum ATCC 8014 became lower to some degree and acid production tended to be stimulated but acid production of Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338 tended to be suppressed as the amount of extract added in a certain amount (3.64mg soluble solid/ml) increased. 2. The effect of garlic extract a. The growth of Lact. plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338 tended to be stim ulated as the amount of extract added in a certain amount (31.7 mg soluble solid/ml) increased. b. The acid production of Lact plantarum ATCC 8014 was suppressed (p<0.01) and drop in pH was suppressed (p<0.05) as the amount of extract added in a certain amount increased. In case of Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338, the acid production t ended to be suppressed also. 3. The effects of red pepper extract a. The growth of Lact. plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lact. fermenti ATCC 9338 tended to be stimulated as the amount of extract added in a certain amount (14.5 mg soluble solid/ml) increased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.345-363
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• 2023

The genus Desmodesmus (Chodat) S.S. An, T. Friedl & E. Hegewald is ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers, ponds, and wetlands. The actual species diversity and distribution of the genus is unknown because of morphological plasticity affected by habitats. Currently, 38 Desmodesmus species have been reported in Korea most of which transferred from the genus Scenedesmus recently, however, no phylogenetic relationships have been studied yet. Despite the challenges in analyzing relationships among Desmodesmus species through the morphology, ecology, and original description, this study focused on examining species-level relationships using the FBCC culture strains isolated from Korea. A total of 299 sequences (66 of 18S rRNA, 47 of atpB, 67 of petA, 52 of rbcL, and 67 of tufA) were newly determined and used for phylogenetic analysis. Four plastid genes tend to have higher variation than 18S rRNA in the variable sites and P-distance. From the combined phylogeny, the Desmodesmus included six clades such as Clade-1: D. pseudoserratus and D. serratus, Clade-2: D. communis, D. dispar, D. maximus, D. pannonicus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp., Clade-3: D. bicaudatus and D. intermedius, Clade-4: D. microspina, D. multivariablis, D. pleiomorphus, D. subspicatus, Clade-5: D. abundans, D. kissii, and D. spinosus, and Clade-6: D. armatus, D. armatus var. longispina, D. opoliensis, unidentified Desmodesmus spp. The new sequence data from FBCC strains will be used to identify species and study the molecular ecology of scenedesmacean green algae in freshwater ecosystems. The phylogenetic information from this study will expand our understanding of Desmodesmus species diversity in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1996

For evaluating the suitability of human follicular fluid(HFF) as protein supplement in ART, this preliminary study was performed to examine the maturation promoting activity of HFF on mouse follicular oocytes in vitro. Mouse follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries of 21-28 day old ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with fine needle at 48 hours after PMSG injection. The oocytes were rinsed and cultured in modified Whittingham's $T_6$ medium containing purines or dbcAMP to maintain meiotic arrest, and different concentrations of HFF were added into the culture medium to examine the effect of HFF on releasing the oocytes from the suppressive influence of the meiotic inhibitors. As a control for HFF, the maturation promoting activity of human fetal cord serum(HFCS) was investigated and compared with the activity of HFF. While HFF was separated, by molecular weight(M.W), into high M.W. fraction(M.W>30,000) and low M.W. fraction(M.W<30,000) and the effects of the fractions on meiotic resumption were investigated in the presence of the meiotic inhibitors. Also hormone analysis was performed to compare the content of hormones in HFF with that in HFCS. Same concentrations of HFF and HFCS induced similar germinal vesicle break down(GVBD) rates of the oocytes meiotic arrested by purines(4mM hypoxanthine+0.75mM adenosine), but the extrusion rate of 1st polar body(PB) of the oocytes cultured in HFF(65.0%, P<0.05) was significantly higher than that(51.6%) in HFCS. While, in the presence of 200 M dbcAMP, the maturation promoting activity of HFF (GVBD: 70.5%, $p<10^{-6}$; 1st PB extrusion: 67.1%, $p<10^{-3}$) was significantly greater than that of HFCS(GVBD: 35.2%; 1st PB extrusion: 41.1%). The oocytes cultured in the fraction of HFF containing high M.W. components showed higher meiotic maturation rates than the oocytes cultured in the low M.W. fraction of HFF. Gonadotropins and $E_2$ were known to improve the completion of maturation changes, and the levels of these hormones were higher in HFF than in HFCS. Therefore, HFF was more effective than HFCS to use for promoting meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes in vitro.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1703-1712
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• 2015

The in vitro maturation (IVM) efficiency of porcine embryos is still low because of poor oocyte quality. Although brilliant cresyl blue positive (BCB+) oocytes with low glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity have shown superior quality than BCB negative (-) oocytes with high G6PDH activity, the use of a BCB staining test before IVM is still controversial. This study aimed to shed more light on the subcellular characteristics of porcine oocytes after selection using BCB staining. We assessed germinal vesicle chromatin configuration, cortical granule (CG) migration, mitochondrial distribution, the levels of acetylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (AcH3K9) and nuclear apoptosis features to investigate the correlation between G6PDH activity and these developmentally related features. A pattern of chromatin surrounding the nucleoli was seen in 53.0% of BCB+ oocytes and 77.6% of BCB+ oocytes showed peripherally distributed CGs. After IVM, 48.7% of BCB+ oocytes had a diffused mitochondrial distribution pattern. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of AcH3K9 in the nuclei of blastocysts derived from BCB+ and BCB- oocytes; at the same time, we observed a similar incidence of apoptosis in the BCB+ and control groups. Although this study indicated that G6PDH activity in porcine oocytes was correlated with several subcellular characteristics such as germinal vesicle chromatin configuration, CG migration and mitochondrial distribution, other features such as AcH3K9 level and nuclear apoptotic features were not associated with G6PDH activity and did not validate the BCB staining test. In using this test for selecting porcine oocytes, subcellular characteristics such as the AcH3K9 level and apoptotic nuclear features should also be considered. Adding histone deacetylase inhibitors or apoptosis inhibitors into the culture medium used might improve the efficiency of IVM of BCB+ oocytes.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effective cryoprotectants for the cryopreservation of porcine mesenechymal stem cells (pMSCs). In order to understand the effectiveness of various cryoprotectants on pMSCs, we studied the most commonly used cryoprotectants; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), DMSO and EG. pMSCs were isolated from bone marrow matrix of piglet (2 month) and characterized by alkaline phopshatase (AP) activity, colony forming, and differentiation to adipocyte. In slow cooling cryopreservation, the pMSCs were exposed to cell medium containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% DMSO, 1.5M EG and 5% DMSO/0.75M EG, respectively, and freezed to $-1^{\circ}C$/min from $25^{\circ}C$ up to $-80^{\circ}C$ in a cryo-container. The proportion of viable cells and the growing rates in fresh pMSCs were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other groups, but did not differ between the cryopreserved groups. The expression of Sox-2 and Nanog gene was increased by extending culture time in cryopreserved groups. The expression of Bax gene in cryopreserved groups was similar with fresh pMSCs. Moreover, the gene expression of adipocyte-specific marker as well as chondrogenic/osteogenic factors in cryopreserved groups was similarly to fresh pMSCs. Taken together, our results suggested that all these cryoprotectants of 10% DMSO, 1.5M EG and 5% DMSO/0.75M EG could be used for cryopreservation of the pMSCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2013

The power of human capital in a library is the main resource that determines the level of library services, which in turn should play a pivotal role in forming the intellectual power of the country. This research conducted a survey on the employment perspectives of LIS undergraduates, which resulted as follows. First, among the LIS undergraduates, 40% of students responded that their desire was to be employed in the library as librarians. Although there were some negative opinions regarding the working environment of the industry, the undergraduates appreciated the developmental possibilities. Second, the most desired task was working with cultural programs. Third, the respondents were satisfied with the current curriculum overall, acknowledging the extra need for job search support programs, which include career support, employment-related mentoring, and internships. Fourth, the main requirements for their future employability were perceived as grade point average, language skills, obtaining licenses, internship and apprenticeship experience, and career management. Fifth, influential factors on employment decision making were divided into two aspects: environmental and personal factors. The environmental factors included salary, welfare, opportunities in personal development, workplace environment, organizational culture, and development possibilities of the organization. The personal factors included fitness with personal aptitude, the level of knowledge and technology in the job industry, social norms and acknowledgement, rewarding opportunities with their major, and location of job.