• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.144-164
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tourism motivation of Chinese tourists visiting Daming Palace and Terra Cotta Warriors and to study market segmentation according to the motivation. As well as to research the difference of satisfaction toward cultural heritage utilization between Daming Palace and Terra Cotta Warriors. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that cultural heritage tourists preferred cultural experience of tourist sites. Therefore, it is necessary to put effort into cultural experience of cultural heritage sightseeing spots. What's more, it was showed that the preservation and recovery state of cultural heritage, the reality, the value of tangible cultural heritage, the experience programs related to cultural heritage, interpretation service, travel guides, rest facilities, symbolism of souvenirs, admission tickets, nearby restaurants and accommodation facilities could be influence factors of satisfaction toward cultural heritage utilization. The Managers of cultural heritage sightseeing spots are expected to preserve the cultural heritage well and to enhance the facilities and staff professionalism, to make visitors more easily understand cultural heritage, to put more emphasis on interpretation service, to make visitors feel that they got educational effect from visit experience, which will increase the satisfaction of cultural heritages.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The cultural heritage of fortresses is often exposed to external elements, leading to significant damage from stone weathering and natural disasters. However, due to the nature of cultural heritage, dismantling and restoration are often impractical. Therefore, the stability of fortress cultural heritage was evaluated through non-destructive testing. The durability of masonry cultural heritages is greatly influenced by the physical characteristics of the back-fille material. Dynamic characteristics were assessed, and endoscopy was used to inspect internal fillings. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was developed considering the surrounding ground through elastic wave exploration. The analysis showed that the loss of internal fillings in the target cultural heritage site could lead to further deformation in the future, emphasizing the need for careful observation.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is one of the World Heritage which should be conserved well. However, some of wax treated volume of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty have damaged seriously. Currently a variety of efforts to conserve and restore the injured volumes are continued and many studies about the aging mechanism of the wax treated volume have being progressed. The analysis of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) emitted from paper cultural heritage is one of the methods to understand the degradation pathway of paper cultural heritage. The analysis of VOCs emitted from paper cultural heritage has been mainly conducted by SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method. SPME is potable and simple method but it is difficult to collect all VOCs emitted from a book such as the Annals of Joseon Dynasty. The dynamic chamber system has generally used to do analysis of VOCs emitted from the building materials, furniture and electric appliances. The chamber system is possible to do quantitative and qualitative analysis by a continuous $N_2$ gas flow and the proper chamber which is able to gather all VOCs emitted from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, the most material among detected VOCs was Naphthalene. Naphthalene has used to prevent organic cultural heritage from being damaged by various microbes for a long time. Apart from Naphthalene, main VOCs were Acetic acid, 2-Chloroethanol, 2-Bromoethanol, Furfural, 1-Methylnaphthalene, Azulene, and 2,4-Dioctylphenol. Of these VOCs, Furfural especially was known for a marker which represents a different emission rate according to the aging level.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.483-493
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• 2020

In this paper, we present a nondestructive analysis using X-ray and microscopic investigation to detect the structure, manufacturing technique and preservation status of the Goryeo lacquered box Inlaid with Mother-of-pearl Chrysanthemum and Scroll Design (Goryeo Lacquered Box). We confirm that the Goryeo Lacquered Box consists of the soft wood as the basic material. The soft wood was coated with textile and then lacquered. The box structure of the Goryeo Lacquered Box was formed of wooden boards with wood plants added to the side, after processing into a trefoil-shaped. The wooden sides of the Goryeo Lacquered Box were cut at regular intervals for easier processing into a curved shape. Moter-of-pearl, tortoiseshell, and metal wire were used to decorate the surface. mother-of pearl was the cutting processing, and tortoiseshell was used for back coloring. The metal line was constructed using one line and twist line.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.241-268
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• 2022

Records related to a certain cultural heritage are concrete evidence that prove the value of the cultural heritage and become a criterion for long-term preservation of its records. The value of the records is as important as cultural heritage value. In the case of specific cultural heritage with national or socially important values, various studies are conducted on cultural heritage as one theme, and various programs about cultural heritage are developed. However, it is difficult to grasp the scope, record types, and contents of the records because they have been distributed and managed in many institutes. They also appear in various forms. As a solution to these problems, this study collected records of a major cultural heritage with social and historical values such as Hwangnyongsa from 11 public institutions and web services and analyzed the types of records, activities related to the records, and metadata. Through data analysis, an ontology that can understand the range and relationship of the entire record was suggested so that the record can be understood with a focus on specific cultural heritage.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.53-79
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• 2001

The scientific analysis and provenance study of potteries excavated from kiln site at Gyeongsang Nam-do were carried out using XRD, ICP-AES and NAA. We can summary the following Result :1. As a result of XRD analysis, it showed that soft potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals while hard potteries consisted of high temperature crystals such as mullite, tridymite, cristobalite.In case of firing temperature which are determined by XRD, potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay mineral had very low firing temperature. While potteries having only cristobalite ranged above $1200^{\circ}C$.2. As a result of correlation analysis using trace element, the selected characteristic elements which was able to distinguish from each kiln site was Sm, Cs, Sc, Eu, Hf.3. Discriminant analytical showed that each kiln site were classified into 4-gruops;Kimhaeci Daesungdong, Hamangun Myosari, Changyounggun Yochori and one group mixed KimhaeciGuosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri. This suggests that there are no correlations between the raw materials used in each kiln sites except Kimhaeci Guosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.20
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• pp.91-120
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• 1999

This paper presents the results of investigation on crystal, firing temperature and trace elements analysis of fragments 4~8 centriesexcavated from Kyong ju historical sites such as Wang kyong,Walsung, Hwangnam great tomb by application of optical microscope, neutron activation analysis and X-ray diffraction. Temper analysis of clay for identification of local or foreign production; Trace elements is not presented a unique chemical composition. That’s data have to be treated a statistical process in order to normalize. The results followed ;(1) Firing temperature could be estimated $700^{\circ}C$ on some softness pottery at Walsung and most of hardness others are $1,000^{\circ}C$ to $1,200^{\circ}C$.(2) Crystal structures are divided into three kinds of mineralogical composition(Quartz, Mullite, Feldspar).(3) Considering of the results of statistical data, chemical composition of Walsung is more similarly Wang kyong than Hwangnam great tomb.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

Termites are a group of social insects that are one of the primary causes of damage to wooden architectural heritage. Since termite damage impairs the authenticity and structural stability of cultural heritage, it is imperative to prevent it. This study examines the extent of termite damage to wooden architectural heritage as part of efforts to prevent termite damage to nationally designated wooden architectural heritage sites across the country. The extent of termite damage to each cultural heritage was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively and comparatively analyzed by region using the results of the "Investigation on Biological Damage to Wooden Architectural Heritages" conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage from 2016 to 2019. It involved 362 nationally designated wooden architectural heritages(25 national treasures, 157 treasures, 180 national folklore cultural heritages) and 1,104 buildings. The results were as follows: termite detection dogs reacted at 317(87.6%) of the 362 wooden heritages, with visible termite damage observed in 185 cases(51.1%). Furthermore, termite damage was confirmed using one of two methods(detection dogs or visual inspection) in 324 cases(89.5%). Of the 1,104 buildings, termite detection dogs reacted at 668(60.5%), while 339(30.7%) showed visible termite damage. Employing one of the two methods, damage was confirmed in 702 buildings(63.6%). The country was categorized into nine regions(Seoul Metropolitan Area, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) to examine the termite damage rate and the degree of damage to each cultural heritage according to location. Termite detection dogs reacted to more than 70% of the cultural heritage in all regions. Visible damage was minimal in the Seoul metropolitan area(32.1%) and Gangwon(21.4%) but severe in Chungnam(65.6%), Jeonnam(67.3%), and Gyeongnam(68.2%). By quantifying the degree of termite damage of each cultural heritage as a ratio of the absence of termite damage among the total absence, the average termite damage of the cultural heritage across the country was 9.2%. Regional variance analysis showed that the cultural heritage in Jeonbuk and Jeonnam showed a statistically significantly higher degree of termite damage than the cultural heritage in the Seoul metropolitan area, Chungbuk, and Gyeongbuk. This paper comprehensively analyzed termite damage to nationally designated wooden architectural heritage. The findings are expected to be valuable in establishing policies for the preservation and management of cultural heritage sites in the future.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.129-133
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• 2006

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2021

In order to determine the changes in microbial community due to termites, soil microorganisms surrounding the termites were investigated. First, bacterial communities from soil with termites collected at Seonamsa temple, Suncheon city, Korea were compared by next-generation sequencing (NGS, Illumina Miseq). The bacterial composition of soil from Daeungjeon without termites and the soil from Josadang, Palsangjeon, and Samjeon with termites were compared. Next, the bacterial composition of these soils was also compared with that of humus soil cultured with termites. A total high-quality sequences of 71,942 and 72,429 reads were identified in Seonamsa temple's soil and humus soil, respectively. The dominant phyla in the collected Seonamsa temple's soil were Proteobacteria (27%), Firmicutes (24%) and Actinobacteria (21%), whereas those in the humus soil were Bacteriodetes (56%) and Proteobacteria (37%). Using a two-dimensional plot to explain the principal coordinate analysis of operational taxonomic unit compositions of the soil samples, it was confirmed that the samples were divided into soil with and without termites, and it was especially confirmed that the Proteobacteria phylum was increased in humus soil with termites than in humus soil without termites.