• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.75
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• pp.43-79
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• 2016

An increase in the number of immigrants to Korea since the late 1980s' has signified the proliferation of globalization and global capitalism. In Korea, most married immigrants are women, as the culture emphasizes patrilineage and the stability of the institution of marriage, particularly in rural areas. Immigrant women have experienced dual ordeals. The Aogra Internet community in Korea has been one of the most representative sites that has shown the power of communities in cyberspace since 2002, leading the discussion of social issues and deliberative democracy both online and offline. This paper analyzed Koreans' writings (such as long comments) on immigrant women in the Agora community. The analysis revealed the following results: first, immigrant women were referred to using terms related to prostitution, with excessive expression of disgust, which is called a "narrative of identity." Second, anti-multiculturalists called Korean men victims of married immigrant women and expressed hatred toward immigrant women, which is called a "narrative of sacrifice." Third, anti-multiculturalists justified their emotions as just resentment based on ideas of justice, equality, and patriotism, concealing the emotion of disgust, which is called the "narrative of justice, equality." Fourth, antimulticulturalists played roles to spread the emotion of disgust, by repeatedly referring to international marriage fraud and immigrant workers' crimes, which is called "narrative of crime." Fifth, some positive writings on immigrant women were based on empathy(a concept defined in this context by Martha Nussbaum), but they can be analyzed as narratives encouraging cultural integration through the perspective of orientalism. Therefore, comments on immigrant women in the Agora represent a "catch-22" dilemma. To deal with conflicts arising from disgust and violations of human rights, civic education focusing on humanism is needed in this multicultural era.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine North Korean defector students' characteristics in science learning through their voice in an "Angbuilgu" program, one of the Korean traditional science knowledge (TSK). We compared them with two other groups of contrasting backgrounds. The Angbuilgu program contains meaningful questions of time, everyday-life knowledge, Korean TSK, and western modern science (WMS). The teaching strategy consists of interactions between teacher and students, and scientific experiments. We applied this program to three groups and analyzed: North Korean defector students, elementary science gifted students, high school students in an advanced class. The characteristics of their science learning show the following: First, their interpretation of time as nature itself in their everyday life. They have rich experience and are familiar with time in nature. Second, they prefer science with complementary, caring, and humanist perspectives, which is in contrast to other groups with preference to the updated and practical science. Third, they lack scientific concepts but possess an abundance of everyday-life knowledge. Their linguistic expressions are ordinary rather than scientific. Fourth, they are familiar with narrative thinking more than scientific thinking. The results show that the science program using Korean TSK can help them accept new scientific knowledge as well as cultural pride, which plays a role in reconfirming their identity as one ethnicity. We expect that the contents of Korean TSK can be an intercultural field between North Korean defector students and our science curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.257-284
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to derive differentiation strategy through strategy competition analysis on public libraries in order to enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of libraries. To that end, this study conducted a status analysis, management resources analysis, external and internal environment analysis on four public libraries located in Jung-gu, Incheon to identify the situation of strategy competition, and conducted a competitor analysis, customer segment analysis, and customer value analysis of four public libraries through various library related statistical data, national library operation evaluation data, library user satisfaction surveys, and interview with chief librarian and senior librarians. As the result, this study suggests three differentiation strategies by library. First of all, the four public libraries need to provide customized services targeting different target users within the region. Secondly, public libraries need to develop active library services that directly visit passive users, who are information have-nots, considering geographical accessibility and the composition of the population in the region. Last, public libraries should form a cultural community that cooperate with the local community and develop various programs that reflect the identity of the region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the place characteristics of preferable city tourist attractions through the contents analysis of non-academic literatures such as tourist guidebooks and web materials. The most preferable Seoul tourist attractions were selected by their frequency in literatures including Namsan and Hangang as 'natural' places, Dugsu Palace and Gyungbok Palace as 'historical' places, Itaewon and Daehak-ro as 'lively-cultural' places that were classified by their relativistic character. The main findings of the research are as follows. The essential place characteristics of tourist attractions were synthesized in urban, regional and place scale respectively. While 'contrast' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the urban context, 'connectivity' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the regional context. In addition, both 'visibility' and 'experience' were found to be the most distinguished characters of the tourist attractions in the place context. The characteristics of these places seem to be the universal fascination factors of city tourist attractions currently recognized by ordinary citizens. We expect to further strengthen the city identity and the city tourism effect by adopting those research results systematically to the urban environment. Therefore, it is needed to vitalize the urban tourist attractions that we make them to be more 'contrasting' with urban areas surrounding them, more 'connective' with vicinity areas and more 'visibly fascinating' and 'experienced actively and meaningfully' in each place of tourist attractions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.82-91
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• 2009

Film festival is a cultural event, which would be held for various purposes. This study was to find out the effects of visitors' demographic characteristics and Jeonju International Film festival images upon their general satisfactions, focusing on the 10th Jeonju International Film Festival. The results are as following. First, 20's(year), Student(job) and Less than 100(income/a month) had a majority in the demographic characteristic. It is needed to develop various programs and events targeting for these groups. Second, it resolved 11 questions in all into 3 factors, which is named as 'Administration', 'Facility', and 'Contents'. Specially We need to develop events and programs for teens. It verified that visitors satisfied far more as they were provided with comfortable theater, various facilities and events, etc. It also proved that the service of giving useful informations met visitors' satisfaction. But as the demographic characteristic showing, visitors dwelling near Jeonju were fewer. It is required for a program to enhance the peculiar qualities of the city, Jeonju and then to promote the participation of local people. It is necessary for the host organization to secure its identity including peculiar subjects differentiated from other film festivals for the purpose of establishing itself as a worldwide event.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.55-85
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• 2011

Many States such as Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, California, New Mexico, Florida were obtained either from Spanish Empire or from Mexico. In 1848 due to the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty America could obtain half of the original territory of Mexico. American identity cannot be understood without the history of American expansionism further consolidated by the Spanish-American War in 1898, which brought other ex-Spanish colonies such as Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines to the US. The US's interest in these territories dates back to the Monroe doctrine in 1823 when Monroe "declared the Americas off-limits to any new European colonization." America justifies their expansion based on the notion of Manifest Destiny which was created by O'Sullivan at the hight of American fever to annex Texas to US. The intent of this paper is to study how Anglo-Saxon and Latin Culture clashed against each other especially right before and after the Spanish-American War. In this study the American hero, Theodore Roosevelt and Latin American hero, $Jos{\acute{e}}$ Martí will be compared, though they did not meet each other during the Spanish-American war due to Marti's early death in 1895 at the battle for the Cuba Libre. Their comparison is significant in that the former represents the American expansionist spirit and the latter the spirit of Anti-imperialism and Anti-Anglocentrism. Along with the concept of Manifest Destiny of America, 'American exceptionalism' is also mentioned which motivates U.S. to expand further even after the Spanish-American war in the form of 'informal imperialism' characterized by 'gunboat politics'of the US. These discussions will draw attention to how recent theorists such as Bryce Traister criticizes the Border Theory represented by $Jos{\acute{e}}$ David Saldívar. Here the Border Theory is criticized to repeat the discourse of the globalized capitalism which prefers the weak state and the transnational aspects by focusing on the in-betweenness of the border. In the end the paper will focus on how the Border theory as represented by Saldivar is political enough and sets up a resistant example against American expansionism of today in its focus on the call for pan-American and pluri-versal subjectivity of the borderlands. This point will be supported by a discussion of how Saldivar's view is confirmed by Walter Mignolo who advocates the "bottom up" resistance of the indigenous people of Chiapas and other social forums such as World Social Forum and the Social Forum of the Americas derived from the Zapatistas' movement whose motto is "A World in which many world co-exist."

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.391-420
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• 2011

Christina Rossetti's novella Maude displays Tractarian influences in terms of Holy Eucharist, Puseyism, and the doctrine of Reserve. Tractarianism is High Church revival movement of nineteenth century. In the story a teenage girl, Maude went through hard time receiving Holy Eucharist due to self-consciousness and internal guilt according to Puseyism. She felt guilty when she enjoyed worldly things and outward beauty. Due to guilt Maude refused to receive Holy Communion, which is complete connection to God. Her cousin, Agnes suggested that in refusing Holy Communion Maude is following her own will not God's will. Later Maude overcame Puseyite thought of self-hatred and reconciled with her identity as a poet and a woman. Maude oscillates between concealing and revealing, secrecy and truth, sincerity and affectation, and modesty and display. Her marvelous poetic talent makes people praise her but she withholds private feelings and attempts to divert attention from herself. Like Maude herself, the meaning of her poems is at times reserved and withheld. This tendency goes with the doctrine of Reserve in Tractarianism. The doctrine of Reserve utilizes indirect methods to reveal divine attributes because finite human being can not accept infinite God. The doctrine of Reserve sees to it that the expression will be veiled, indirect, subdued and self-effacing. Rossetti adapts a poetic method of Reserve when Maude has anxiety over 'display and poetry' and generates the reticence, secrecy, mystery, renunciation, modesty and detachment. According to Mary Arseneau, by veiling and expressing herself through symbols she can rise above the self and employ the phenomenal to suggest a noumenal reality. Thus the poetry becomes an expression of longing for the divine. The poem "Three Nuns" exemplifies Maude's maturity and gradual progress in the relationship with God. Rossetti suggests the vision full of hopes and promises of reuniting with God. In conclusion, in some sense, authoritative and conservative Tractarianism affects Rossetti both ways. On the one hand, it makes Rossetti abnegate herself and leads her to asceticism, on the other hand, it makes Rossetti express her faith in God and write amazing devotional poems such as "Three Nuns". A poem within the poem has three voices that are in perfect harmony. In the poem the first and second nun show hesitation to fully commit to God's will and the desire for the world prevents them from having heavenly joy. Third nun reveals spiritual maturity and sings new life in God where their hopes and joys begin. Rossetti expresses the procedure of spiritual growth through the poem "Three Nuns". For Rossetti, self-abnegation and self-expression both are involved in the doctrine of Reserve, Puseyism and Holy Communion.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2012

This paper aims to investigate the value in culture, history and ecology of the Mt. Palgong. It attempts to build the strategy for making use of The Mt. Palgong by literature survey, interview, and field survey. The main results are as follows: 1) The boundary of physical geography of the Mt. Palgong is classified into two. The boundary of the Mt. Palgong limits to granite mass block in a narrow sense, while in a broad sense, the boundary of the Mt. Palgong includes a contact aureole to be bordered on the Mt. Palgong granite mass block. The boundary from a cultural viewpoint limits to Daegu city(excluding Dalseong county) and Gyeongsan city, Yeongcheon city, Gunwi county and Chilgok (Dongmyeong-myeon, Giseong-myeon) in Gyeongbuk province. 2) In the geological boundary, one of the south-west slope is clearer than that of the north-east slope of the Mt. Palgong. The landforms such as tor, sheeting joint and gutter are well developed as a whole. Mountain landform such as boulder stream, polygonal cracking is relatively well developed on the south-west slope, while river landform is relatively well developed on the north-east slope of the Mt. Palgong. 3) It is necessary to develope various masterpiece of interesting stories related to Mt. Palgong in order to make the Mt. Palgong excellent tour complex. 4) It is desirable to designate the Mt. Palgong as a national park for systematic management. A master plan should be ultimately designed to raise brand value of Daegu city, and make good identity of the city by restoring 'The Mt. Palgong Jecheondan' and registering 'Gatbawi' as world heritage. 5) It is reasonable that the method of development in The Mt. Palgong should be based on the pattern of 'slow life town'. 'The Mt. Palgong museum' will then be designed to give visitors all the informations on The Mt. Palgong.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.177-197
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• 2015

This study found that La hija del mar (1859) by Rosalía de Castro describes, as the background to the work, the lives of Galicians, along with the movement of the sea, scenes of the coast, storms, and lively plants in Muxía, a small city of Galicia and Cabo de Finisterre. It was shown that the nature of Galicia, as described in the work, is a beautiful site where fishermen and farmers live among the full aroma of plants and flowers, as well as being a subject of fear to the people there. Furthermore, it was also shown through the funeral process, along with a depiction of the natural environment, the unique place of Galicia is part of the traditional heritage that the Galician people have preserved, in which Roman Catholic rituals are mixed with superstitious rites. Moreover, the author shows through a description of the excessive drinking culture of Dionysian rites or Libation rites that Galicia is a land with longstanding and profound folk customs, as well as a special culture. It was proved that the work is a specific representation of the author's perspective. Thus, Rosalía depicts the lives of people and the natural environment, which have not been examined profoundly, although they always existed in Galicia. This provides space where the external reality of Galicia and part of the identity of Galicia can be elucidated.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.189-220
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of individual background, educational experiences, and social awareness on youth's civic participation in the three East Asian countries (South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan), and provide educational implications for encouraging Korean youth's civic participation. And we estimated the effects of 17 variables on the youth's current and future civic participation using 'International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016' data opened in 2018. The result showed that the factors affecting on the civic participation were significantly different between the three countries. And significant differences on current and future civic participation were confirmed within the same country. First, Korean youth have high level of their parents' civic resources but the level of civic education in school is lower than other countries, and Taiwan youth have relatively high level of national identity. Second, the factors affecting on civic participation are more influenced by educational experiences than individual background such as parents' socioeconomic status, and the mass media have significant effect on youth's civic participation in all the three countries. Third, non-formal program and cultural experiences in school have significant effects on civic participation in future adulthood. Based on these results, this study suggested that it was important to provide various non-formal activities as well as expansion of civic education for encouraging youth's civic participation.