• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 1995

Tests were performed on 232 bacterial strains (71 strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii and 161 white line reacting organisms, WLRO) isolated from cultivated mushrooms. As results, P. tolaasii was divided into 5 groups on the basis of the phenotypical characteristics for the strains, and group 3 was the major one including 48 (62%) out of the total 71 strains. WLRO were classified into 23 groups, and group 10 was the major group (65 strains, 30% of the total WLRO tested). A white line was well formed at 22$^{\circ}C$ and at 4 mm distance between P. tolaasii and WLRO colonies in their dual culture on Pseudomonas agar F medium within 36-hr incubation, but not formed at $25^{\circ}C$ even for 72-hr incubation. The morphological, cultural and biological properties of P. tolaasii group 3, and the main group of WLRO, group 10, were different only in the light of pathogenicity. Also group 2 of P. tolaasii had the characteristics similar to group 24 of WLRO which was pathogenic to cultivated mushrooms, suggesting the P. tollaasiii and WLRO strains may be the same species although their white line forming ability and pathogenicity were more or less different from one another. Subculture of the strains in P. tolaasii group 1 induced the variation of their pathogenicity, white line forming ability and utilization of sodium benzoate and sodium tartrate, and thus it can be inferred that they were converted to strains having the characteristics of group 3 or WLRO groups.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2009

Various cultural practices have been promoted as management options for enhancing soil quality and health. The use of soil management methods can cause changes in fertility by affecting soil chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate interactions between soil chemical properties and soil management methods in protected cultivation, and to classify soil management methods that similarly affect soil chemical properties. Water-logging and irrigation reduced soil pH and available $P_2O_5$ content. Application of animal manures has a positive effect on levels of organic matter, Av.$P_2O_5$, K, Zn, and Cu. The electrical conductivites tened to be low in the application of organic amendments, including rice and wood residues. Deeper plowing caused a reduction in Ca content. Practicing soil nutrient-considering fertilization and fertigation did not exert an influence on nutrient element contents. In a cluster analysis of the soil management methods according to major nutrients, low similarities were found with deeper plowing and crop rotation with rice in comparison with other practices. In a cluster analysis by minor nutrient characteristics, crop rotation and application of animal manures and rice residues were linked at a high Ward's distance, while other practices were found to be relatively low distinct. Each soil management method has a similar or different effect on soil chemical properties. These results suggest the necessity of establishing limits and standards according to the effects of soil management methods on soil chemical properties for economic soil practices.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2015

The 21st century is a multiplication age and social and cultural phenomena have become diverse and peoples' desires and individuality have become important. Accordingly, the sensibility that reflects human taste is also required in the exhibition space. The exhibitions in this age induce the direct cognition of senses or take interactive forms that contact diverse media and react. The purpose of this research is to define the concept of haptic presentation method in which the audience perceive in the exhibition space by themselves and the visual elements spread into other senses and perceive complexly, and to present the directional nature. To conduct this research, first, this researcher recognized that haptic sensory experiential research by analyzing the roles and transition history of exhibition space is needed for the present age Second, based on philosophical theories, four haptic sensory expression characteristics (medium nature, experiential nature, attractiveness, sensitiveness) were derived by substituting Giles Deleuze's four haptic spatial characteristics (grasping short distance, dispersed gaze, cognition of bodily movement, formation of synesthesia through complex senses) and six formative factors of exhibition space (space, form, size, light, quality of materials, and color). And the effective exhibition presentation methods were analyzed through six cases of experiential exhibition spaces. Accordingly, what matters in the experiential exhibition space is to produce the four characteristics: medium nature, experientiality, attractiveness, and sensitiveness in equilibrium. It is necessary for the designers to reflect it appropriately in producing so that the audience can think and experience by themselves. Accordingly, in this thesis, it could be seen that to produce the haptic production characteristics in the experiential exhibition space in equilibrium is the important factor in the experiential exhibition space. In conclusion, experiences in the exhibition space should be approached with the transcendental haptic presentation method by which even the space of actually unexperienced cognition can be expanded and experienced through the metastasis and tension of various senses. Also, researches on such senses should be developed continuously, and this researcher expects that this will become a stimulant to present a new directivity.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

As people are getting interested in themselves ever than before, the value of culture industry which can satisfy their emotions has been considered much more important. According to this, in terms of the 'space', it is better to represent 'space' not just as a functional space, but the human-centered and making human and nature together. In this society, the most human-centered design can be achieved by pursuing value which is friendlier to nature. And it is sure that the interior design that completes life quality as well as emotions of human will be common in near future. There already has been a try 'Green interior' in subway station in variety ways, and now it is needed to make indoor display in Seoul subway station different in order to satisfy human emotions. If culture space in Seoul subway station applied eco-element interacts with indoor environment, it is surely expected that people have better feeling on subway station as well as help eliminate negative elements which underground have had. In culture space, there are many advantages for displaying space into 'nature', that is, natural space represents the best comfortable and agreeable space, and future-oriented design when it gets interacted with environment. Application of 'Green interior' in Seoul subway station makes special place ness by its symbol and image, so that it derives people to have more natural and comfortable movement distance in subway station, offers more comfortable and cozy place as well. Furthermore, it makes people very moved by experiencing the most special culture space that they have ever had.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

This study proposes a thesis of architectural concepts and visual dimension systems, and the comparison between steps of spatial formation and dimensional alteration. The second chapter, to form the basis of this study, explains the dimensional alterations and changes of fundamental notion of space. In the third chapter, history of space, architectural formations, and changes of the viewpoint are analyzed as objects of study. The forth chapter presents the interrelation between dimensional alteration and the transition in fundamental notion of space, demonstrating that modern architecture has been born from these cultural movements. Lastly, the fifth chapter suggests possibilities on further studies and the following conclusions: First, architectural spaces have been changed, in accordance with the changes of culture, art and the tools that regulate architectural design. Proportional regulations by two-dimensional tools and depth through three-dimensional drawings are created. Second, architectural spaces gained depth by recognizing movement and time that have induced formations to change, creating various aesthetic backgrounds and attempts. Third, the aesthetic background and cosmologic spatial concept have led the visualization and changes of architectural experience. It created the design tools and shapes originated in dynamism and vitality. Forth, diversification of fundamental spatial concepts has become palimpsest and complex, and been divided into four dimensions; expressional two-dimensional space, perspective three-dimensional space, forth-dimensional space of time and experience, and imagery space formed by body movement. Fifth, architecture has been influenced by the elevated viewpoint that understands the whole world as a space. It has evolved from the two-dimensional proportion principle, change of depth and vanishing point to multidimensional space of movement and time. Sixth, changes of fundamental notion of space have arisen from changes of visual dimensions in times. In other words, space has been developed from two-dimensional space to multidimensional space by accepting visual dimension, grasping distance, direction, depth, height, velocity, movement, gravity, power and structure.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.311-328
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 예비 초등 교사들을 대상으로 달의 위상변화에 대한 정신모형과 그 모형에 영향을 주는 요소들을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 예비교사는 교육대 학교 1학년(22명)과 2학년(21명) 학생이다. 자료 수집은 지필 검사와 개별 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구 결과, 예비 초등 교사들은 달의 위상변화에 대한 설명들이 과학적 모형과는 다른 합성 정신모형들을 가지고 있었으며, '가리기 이론'이 그들의 정신 모형에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 예비 초등 교사들이 갖는 천문현상의 합성 정신모형의 구조와 근원을 알아보기 위하여 그들의 정신 모형들을 형성하는 틀 이론과 특정 이론을 집중적으로 탐색하였다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests the effective space planning methods for unified school and appropriate utilization alternatives for closed school following after the merger and abolition of small rural schools. In doing so, it explores the present models of merger and abolition through analysis of all sort of actual condition and the possibilities for various utilizations of the abolished schools. It proposes a classroom-operation type fused the comprehensive class and departmental class system for merged primary schools in rural area. It also suggests the re-use methods of closed school facilities for students and community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger and abolition of small schools, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents' participation and selection.

• 한국인구학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-121
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• 2001

본 연구논문은 IMF 경제위기가 우리의 가족생활에 미친 영향을 살펴보았다. 경제위기가 가져온 생활수준의 변화와 경제적 고통의 내용과 함께 가족간의 접촉의 정도나 가족폭력, 가족해체 등 가족관계에 일어난 변화를 살펴보았다. 또한 친족 친지와 주고받은 경제적 도움의 정도나 소비지출행동의 변화를 통해서 완만한 사회변화 과정에서는 잘 드러나지 않았던 한국 가족의 특성 및 가족생활의 단면을 살펴 보았다. 뿐만아니라 경제위기가 장차 성별관계에 미칠 영향을 여성들의 취업동기의 강화나 역할행동의 변화라는 관점에서 검토해 보았다. 경제위기는 가족관계에 변화를 가져왔다. 전체적으로 실업이 생긴 가족들은 가족관계에 무엇인가 달라졌다고 느낀 경우가 많았고, 긍정적으로든 부정적으로든 부부 간의 접촉빈도가 높아졌다. 부부간의 폭력이나 해체의 가능성이 비교적 낮게 나타난 반면, 자녀에 대한 폭력이 이보다 직접적으로 반영되었다. 사회적 보장제도나 친구에 비해서 친족은 여전히 가장 중요한 경제적 의지의 대상으로 존재하고 인다는 사실도 확인되었다. 특히 친정이 도움의 자원으로 활용되고 있다는 점은 주목할 만하다. 이러한 사실들은 기존의 서구사회를 대상으로 한 조사결과들과 다소 다른 것들이므로, 우리사회를 해석하는 중요한 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. 뿐만 아니라, 경제위기의 소비 변화를 통해서 우리사회에서 문화비용과, 병원비. 그리고 사교육비가 지출의 신축성을 가진 부분인 것이 드러났다. 그리고 경제위기에 직면하여 여성들의 취업에서 경제적 동기가 강화되는 측면과 함께 역할행동의 변화가능성도 일부 제시되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제8B권5호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2001

상대적 소속 함수(RMF)에 기반을 둔 새로운 유사성 측도를 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 RMF는 퍼지 부분 집합간의 상대성을 쉽게 나타내기 위해 제시되었다. 이러한 RMF의 형태는 매개변수값들에 따라 결정되기 때문에 매개변수 값들만을 조정해 줌으로써 퍼지 부분 집합간의 상대성을 쉽게 나타낼 수 있다. 그러므로 퍼지 부분 집합을 이용해 주관성을 표현할 때 개인이나 문화차이간의 상대성을 쉽게 반영해 줄수 있다. 이 경우이들 매개변수들은 퍼비 부분 집합의 구조를 결정해 주는 특징점들이라고 할수 있다. 결과적으로 퍼지 부분 집합간의 유사성 정도가 RMF의 매개변수들을 이용해서 빠르게 계산될 수 있다. RMF에 의해 퍼지 부분 집합간의 유사성 정도를 계산하기 위해 유클리디안 거리를 사용한다. 한편, 제안된 유사성 측도의 응용 분야로 새로운 언어 근사 방법을 제시하고 수치적인 예를 보여준다.