• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 2013

Purpose: Using agricultural machinery was not easy in the conventional shading structure, specified as a standard facility by standard cultivation methods for ginseng. Thus, this study designed the new types of facility allowing machine access by modifying the conventional type. Methods: Two types of facility (i.e. wide roof type and long & short roof type) were designed and installed in an experimental site to evaluate its growing environments and applicability of riding-type cultivator. Results: From the results of incoming light measurement, all three types (i.e. two new types and a conventional type) of shading structures blocked the incoming light after 9:00 am. The temperature distribution inside the new types was similar with the one in the conventional type, so the growth of ginseng was in good condition in all three types of facility. The riding-type cultivator was operated well with the low speed first gear of 0.13 m/s in the new types. However, a long & short typed roof needs to be raised 18 cm height in order to use the cultivator. Conclusions: With the results of this study, the new types of roof can be used in the ginseng farm in that they satisfied the growing environments for ginseng and the needs for agricultural mechanization.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.401-405
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• 1995

An open pond type photobioreactor for mass cultivation of S. platensis was designed and the growth parameters from different cultivation processes were compared. 0.30(1/day) of specific growth rate and 1.69(g/$\ell$) of maximum cell density were obtained from batch cultivation. In fed-batch cultivation, specific growth rate and maximum cell density were estimated as 0.22(1/day) and 1.75(g/$\ell$), respectively. Maximum biomass productively from continuous cultivation was obtained as 0.44 (g/$\ell$/day). It proves that an outdoors-mass cultivation of S. platensis considering optimal environmental condition is economically feasible. In addition, the biomass productivity was studied in two different mixing systems such as agitation and air sparging methods. The biomass productivity by an agitation method was better than that in an air sparging method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2015

Anaerobic decomposition of organic material in flooded rice fields produces methane, which escapes to the atmosphere primarily by transport through the rice plants. The annual amount of $CH_4$ emitted from a given area of rice is a function of the number and duration of crops grown, water regimes before and during cultivation period, and organic and inorganic soil amendments. Soil type, temperature, and rice cultivar also affect $CH_4$ emissions. The field experiment was conducted for three years to develop methane emission factor for water regime before the cultivation period from the rice fields. It was treated with three different water regimes prior to rice cultivation, namely: non-flooded pre-season < 180 days, non-flooded pre-season > 180 days, flooded per-season in which the minimum flooding interval is set to 30 days. Methane emission increased with days after transplanting and soil redox potential (Eh) decreased rapidly after flooding during the rice cultivation. The average methane emission fluxes were $5.47kg\;CH_4\;ha^{-1}day^{-1}$in flooded pre-season > 30 days, 5.04 in non-flooded pre-season < 180 days and 4.62 in non-flooded pre-season > 180. Methane emission flux was highly correlated with soil temperature and soil Eh. Rice yields showed no difference among treatments with water regime before the cultivation period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.763-770
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• 1998

Salmonella typhimurium is a causitive agent of diarrhea, fever, gastroenteritis, septicemia and sudden death in piglet. The currently used methods such as IFA, ELISA, DNA hybridization assay is needed a long-time and difficult to detect the organism in carrier animal or contaminated sample with other agents. However, it is important to detect rapidly and sensitively S typhimurium in piglet with other infectious pathogens to minimize an economic loss. Two sets of PCR primer, rfbJ forward primer(5'-AGAATATGTAATTGTCAG-3') and reverse primer(5'-TAACCGTTTCAGTAGTTC-3') were designed to amplify a 882 by fragment of Salmonella serovar type B gene. The target genomic DNA for PCR was extracted from the cultivated materials with various enrichment periods in a nonselective enrichment agar and broth with clinical specimens. The PCR is carried out here made it possible to detect the gene from two hours. Also, the amplified fragment with PCR was cloned into pGEM-T vector and digested with restrict enzyme, and sequenced for the identification of Salmonella serotype B rfbJ gene. Duplicated cultivation agar-broth followed by PCR were performed to develop a rapid and sensitive detection of S typhlmurium based on serovar type. This duplicated cultivation-PCR method provides a sensitive and rapid diagnostic tool to detect Salmonella from infected piglet with improved sensitivity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2020

Wild-type isolates of H. erinaceus were collected from different geographical areas of Korea. Nineteen isolates were cultured on mushroom substrate for producing fruiting bodies. Of these, 14 isolates formed pinheads and fruiting bodies on the substrate. The morphological and cultivation characteristics of fruiting bodies were categorized by pinheading, fruit body formation, spine types, fresh weights, and colors. Microstructures, including spines, spores, and basidia on the fruiting bodies were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The H. erinaceus isolates demonstrated different PCR polymorphisms produced by universal fungal primers (UFPs) and were classified into four groups based on their high genetic diversity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2017

In this study, the optimization of several factors for Chlorella saccharophila cultivation was investigated. The studied factors were medium type, culture type, inoculum size, sugar/nitrogen source type and concentrations. As a result, the optimized conditions for C. saccharophila cultivation were found to be the best at 3% (v/v) inoculum, 30 g/L glucose and 0.95 g/L $NaNO_3$ under mixotrophic culture. Under the optimized condition, the content of oil was high at 12 day, whereas, the amount of biomass and chlorophyll were high at 10 day.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2019

The this study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by direct seeding and transplanting cultivation for develop standard cultivation techniques of wild-simulated ginseng. Bonghwa experimental field were confirm to be suitable location environment for cultivation of wild-simulated ginseng. As a result of this study, the germination rate of wild-simulated ginseng was significantly highest when seed size was over 6.5 mm in the spot seeding cultivation. In the case of transplanting, survival rate was significantly increased when the diameter of root was over 10 mm, planting distance was 7 cm, and the thickness of soil covering was less then 2 cm. The result of growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng by cultivation type, growth of stem in spot seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased when seed size over 6 mm, seeding number was 3 grains, and the seeding distance was less then 5 cm. Strip seeding cultivation was showed significantly increased in stem and root growth when seeding distance was 30 cm grains and quantity of seeding was less then 23 g. In the case of transplanting cultivation, it's was showed significantly increased in stem growth when diameter of root was over then 10 mm and direction of rhizome was top and bottom. The results of this study was that to clearly establish the techniques of cultivation of managements and it's will be suggest contribute to the industrial activation of wild-simulated ginseng.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the disease incidence and distribution of toxigenic in Korean triticale. The pathogen of triticale that cause Fusarium head blight were isolated from five different triticale cultivars that cultivated in Suwon Korea at 2021 year. The 72 candidate were classified as a Fusarium asiaticum by morphology analysis and by ITS1, TEF-1α gene sequence analysis. And the results of pathogenicity with 72 isolates on seedling triticale, 71 isolates were showed disease symptom. Also, seven out of 71 Fusarium isolates were inoculated on the wheat, to test the pathogenicity on the different host. The results showed more low pathogenicity on the wheat than triticale. The results of analysis of toxin type with 72 isolates, 64.6% isolates were produced nivalenol type toxin and other 4.6% and 30.8% isolates were produce 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, respectively. To select fungicide for control, the 72 Fusarium isolates were cultivated on the media that containing four kinds fungicide. The captan, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole·propiconazole treated Fusarium isolates were not showed resistance response against each fungicide. However, six isolates out of 72 isolates, showed resistance response to fludioxonil. This study is first report that F. asiaticum causes Fusarium head blight disease of triticale in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.323-335
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• 2019

Rice is sensitive to day-length and short-day plants. It has a characteristic that the photosensitivity response required for flower bud differentiation decreases under long-day conditions. To identify critical photoperiod required for flower bud differentiation of major cultivation rice varieties, the average temperature was fixed at 28 ℃, and the day length was set at 12 hours and 10 minutes intervals from 13 hours to 14 hours 30 minutes. The critical photoperiod for each cultivar was set to day-length, where the daily cumulative response [(X_{(Critical Photoperiod)}-Y_{(Set day-length)})/(X_{(Critical Photoperiod)}-12:00_{(Optimal Day-length)}) × (28.0_{(Set Temperature)}-10_{(Minimum Temperature)})/(29.2_{(Maximum Temperature)}-10_{(Minimum Temperature)})] was the same for each day-length conditions. The flower bud differentiation time of all varieties was 32 days before heading at the average temperature of 28 ℃ conditions. The critical photoperiod of the early maturing type, such as Woonkwang, Odae, Koshihikari, Jopyeong, were 19:20, 18:14, 18:58, 17:30, respectively. Medium maturing type, such as Daebo, Haiami, Samdeok, were 16:08, 16:15, 16:55, respectively. Mid-late maturing type, such as Saenuri, Sindongjin, Chucheong, Samkwang, Ilpum, Saeilmi, Hwangkeumnuri, Dongjinchal, Ilmi, Hopum, Yeonghojinmi, were 15:58, 15:56, 16:36, 16:44, 15:35, 16:26, 15:33, 16:20, 16:29, 16:13, 15:41.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-259
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• 2021

This study aimed to look for educational ways to prepare for the future society for education and people of talent who will lead the post-COVID-19 era. To this end, the factors necessary for the type of future talent in the post-COVID-19 era were identified by analyzing Big data. Based on the deducted factors composing the type of talent in the post-COVID-19 era, policy direction according to the emergence of the post-COVID-19 era were deducted through the interviews with the group of experts and delphi survey, and on the basis of this, this study sought for"a plan for the educational change in line with cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. The results of this study are as follows. First, through the big data analytics and analysis of the interviews, convergence, ICT utilization ability, creativity, self-regulated competency and leadership were found to be the factors necessary for the type of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. Second, it considered the innovation of digital education system and the support for vulnerable classes as the issue for cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era. Third, the most important policy with regard to the educational direction for cultivation of people of talent in the post-COVID-19 era was cultivation of convergence talents. Convergence is a very important variable in the post-COVID-19 era since it creates new values by connecting things that are separated from each other. Hopefully, this study will build a basis for competency development, education and training in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era.