• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.582-586
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• 1995

The crystal structures of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 (M=Ta, Nb) compounds were determined using the Rietveld method. Due to the tilting of a oxygen octahedron, (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7Nb0.3)O3 had a superlattice of doubled a, b and c of simple perovskite. The crystal structure of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 was tetragonal with a space group 14/mmm. The crystal structure of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 was a cubic with space group Pm3m, in which no tilting of oxygen octahedron was observed. The difference in the oxygen tilting of these two materials was due to the larger covalency of Nb-O bond than that of Ta-O bond, which induced a strong $\pi$Nb0 bonding in (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3. Therefore, the higher transition temperature of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 could be related to the larger tilting of oxygen octahedron.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.293-295
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• 1994

Barium Titanate ($BaTiO_3$) is one of the few titanateds which is cubic at room temperature. It has the perovskite structure, high dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}_r=300$) and a small temperature coefficient of resistance due to it's Low transition temperature ($Tc=120^{\circ}c$). PTCR (Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity) thermistor in thin film $BaTiO_3$ system was prepared by using radio frequency (13.56MHz) and BC magnetron sputter equipment. Polycrystalline, and surface structure characteristics of the specimens were measured by X-ray diffraction (D-Max3, Rigaku, Japan), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy: M. JSM84 01, Japan), respectively. Temperature at below $600^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$, and above $1100^{\circ}C$ for spotted $BaTiO_3$ thin films showed the amorphous, degree of crystal growth, and polycrystalline, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.521-524
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• 2010

Low loss perovskite niobates and tantalates have been placed on a short list of functional materials for future technologies. In this study, we fabricated Ag(Ta,Nb)$O_3$ thick films on the $Al_2O_3$ substrates by the screen printing method. The Ag(Ta,Nb)$O_3$ powders were fabricated by the mixed oxide method. The sintering temperature and time were $1150^{\circ}C$ and 2 hrs, respectively. The results of XRD analysis showed that the specimens employed in this study had the pesudo cubic structure. The dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of the films have been characterized from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Also the dielectric permittivity and loss tangent were measured from 303 K to 393 K. The electrical properties of the film are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.797-802
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• 2014

In this study, in order to develop the capacitor composition ceramics with the good dielectric properties, $(Ba_{1-x}Ca_x)(Ti_{0.85}Zr_{0.12}Sn_{0.03})O_3$ (abbreviated as BCTZ) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of Ca substitution on the microstructure and dielectric properties was investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that all the specimens showed perovskite phase, and secondary phases are indicated in the measurement range of X-ray diffraction. Also, all the specimens indicated an rhombohedron phase structure. It was identified from the X-ray diffraction patterns that the secondary phase formed in grain boundaries and then decreased the dielectric properties. For all the specimens, observed one peak was tetragonal cubic phase transition temperature($T_c$), which is located in the vicinity of room temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.600-603
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• 1995

A series of samples in the Sm1-xSrxCoO3-y(x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) system has been prepared at 1200 ℃ under ambient atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples with x=0.00 and 0.25 are indexed with orthorhombic symmetry like GdFeO3 and x=0.50 appears to be perfectly cubic. In the tetragonal system (x=0.75), the structure is similar to that of SrCoO2.80. The composition of x=1.00, SrCoO2.52, shows the brownmillerite-type structure. The reduced lattice volume is increased with x value in this system. The chemical analysis shows the τ value (the amount of the Co4+ ions in the system) is maximized at the composition of x=0.50. Nonstoichiometric chemical formulas are determined by the x, τ and y values. The electrical conductivity has been measured in the temperature range of 78 to 1000 K. The activation energy is minimum for those of x=0.25 and x=0.50 with metallic behavior. First-order semiconductor-to-metal transition of SmCoO3 is not observed. Instead, a broad, high-order semiconductor-to-metal transition is observed. In general, the effective magnetic moment is increased with increasing τ values at low temperature. At high temperature, the magnetic moment is maximum for that of x=0.00. The 3d-electrons are collective and give ferromagnetism in x=0.50.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2013

Impedance and electrical conduction studies of $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$ ceramic prepared using conventional high temperature solid-state reaction technique are presented. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with space group $Pm\bar{3}m$. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried to study the quality and purity of compound. The circuit model fittings were carried out using the impedance data to find the correlation between the response of real system and idealized model electrical circuit. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type and negative temperature coefficient of resistance character. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$. The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1999

Gd1-xSrxMnO3(0$\leq$X$\leq$0.6) as the cathode for solid oxide fuel cell was synthesized by citrate process and studied for its crystal structure, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), and investigated reactivity with 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia(8YSZ) or Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO). The crystal structure of Gd1-xSrxMnO3 changed from orthorhombic (0$\leq$X$\leq$0.3) through cubic (0.4$\leq$X$\leq$0.5) to tetragonal structure (X=0.6). When Sr contents was increased, the electrical conductivity of Gd1-xSrxMnO3 was inthose of La1-xSrxMnO3, 8YSZ and CGO if Sr content was above 30mol%. TEC of Gd1-xSrxMnO3 was increased with Sr content. After heat treatment at 1300$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours, reaction product of Gd1-xSrxMnO3 and 8YSZ was SrZrO3. However CGO had no reaction product with Gd1-xSrxMnO3.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 1998

Colossal magnetoresistance $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ material has been produced by a metal-salt routed sol-gel process method. Magnetic properties of $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ have been studied with x-ray diffraction, Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy(RBS), vibrating sample magnetometer, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Crystalline $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ was perovskite cubic structure with a lattice parameter $a_0=3.868$\AA$$. And there was no appreciable change in the value of the lattice parameter when a small amount (x=0.01) of iron was added. However, Mossbauer and VSM data indicate the Curie temperature of the $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ decreased from 282 to 270 k and also the saturation magnetization from 84 to 81 emu/g at 77 K. Mossbauer spectra of $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ have been taken at various temperatures ranging form 4.2 K to room temperature. Analysis of $^{57}Fe$ Mossbauer data in terms of the local configurations of Mn atoms has permitted the influence of the magnetic hyperfine interactions to be monitored. The isomer shifts show that the charge state of all Fe ions are ferric. The magnetoresistance of $La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}Mn_{0.99}^{57}Fe_{0.01}O_3$ was about 33 % at semiconductor-metal transition temperature $T_{SC-M}=250K$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2012

In this study, $[Li_{0.04}(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.10}Sb_{0.04})O_3+xSrO$ (x=0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075) ceramics were synthesized by the conventional mixed oxide method. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that ceramics possessed single perovskite structure. The SEM images indicate that microstructure can be obviously affected by a small amount of added SrO. The phase transition temperature tetragonal-cubic($T_c$) and orthorhombic-tetragonal($T_{o-t}$) shifts downward and upward with the increase of Sr addition, respectively. The excellent piezoelectric properties of $d_{33}=170[pC/N]$, $k_p=0.37$, $Q_m=64.12$, $T_{o-t}=153^{\circ}C$ and $T_c=370^{\circ}C$ were obtained from the 0.25 mol% Sr added ceramics sintered at $1,120^{\circ}C$ for 1 h.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 1978

MO's of a complex are expanded in terms of the set of Shull-Lowdin functions based on a single point, the nucleus of central metal ion, and the result was interpreted from the viewpoint of perturbation theory. We find that even in the case of $[NiF_6]^{4-}$, which has relatively small covalency, excited configurations with high orbital angular momentum are considerably mixed into $e_g$ and $t_{2g}$, orbitals of central metal ion, and that the distortions in these orbitals differ from each other. Therefore it is concluded that the energy difference between $e^*_g$ and $t^*_{2g}$, orbitals evaluated in the MO scheme has little meaning of the unique parameter 10Dq in the crystal field theory, and that such a unique parameter cannot be defined in a rigorous sense in the MO scheme.