• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.177-196
• /
• 2001

At present the most popular turbulence models used for engineering solutions to flow problems are the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds stress models. The shortcoming of these models based on the isotropic eddy viscosity concept and Reynolds averaging in flow fields of the type found in the field of Wind Engineering are well documented. In view of these shortcomings this paper presents the implementation of a non-linear model and its evaluation for flow around a building. Tests were undertaken using the classical bluff body shape, a surface mounted cube, with orientations both normal and skewed at $45^{\circ}$ to the incident wind. Full-scale investigations have been undertaken at the Silsoe Research Institute with a 6 m surface mounted cube and a fetch of roughness height equal to 0.01 m. All tests were originally undertaken for a number of turbulence models including the standard, RNG and MMK $k-{\varepsilon}$ models and the differential stress model. The sensitivity of the CFD results to a number of solver parameters was tested. The accuracy of the turbulence model used was deduced by comparison to the full-scale predicted roof and wake recirculation zone lengths. Mean values of the predicted pressure coefficients were used to further validate the turbulence models. Preliminary comparisons have also been made with available published experimental and large eddy simulation data. Initial investigations suggested that a suitable turbulence model should be able to model the anisotropy of turbulent flow such as the Reynolds stress model whilst maintaining the ease of use and computational stability of the two equations models. Therefore development work concentrated on non-linear quadratic and cubic expansions of the Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption. Comparisons of these with models based on an isotropic assumption are presented along with comparisons with measured data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2013

Non-explosive shockless holding and release mechanism for a nano class small satellite application has been proposed and investigated. The great advantages of the mechanism are a much lower shock level and larger constraint force than the conventional mechanism using pyro and the heating wire cutting mechanism which has been generally applied to the cube satellite program. To investigate the effectiveness of the mechanism design, EM mechanism was developed and tested to verify the basic function of the mechanism. The test results indicate that the proposed mechanism is well functioning as the mechanism design intends.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2021

The Ozone Dynamics Investigation Nano-Satellite (ODIN) is a CubeSat design proposed by Chungnam National University as contribution to the CubeSat Competition 2019 sponsored by the Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). The main objectives of ODIN are (1) to observe the polar ozone column density (latitude range of 60° to 80° in both hemispheres) and (2) to investigate the chemical dynamics between stratospheric ozone and ozone depleting substances (ODSs) through spectroscopy of the terrestrial atmosphere. For the operation of ODIN, a highly efficient power system designed for the specific orbit is required. We present the conceptual structural design of ODIN and an analysis of power generation in a sun synchronous orbit (SSO) using two different configurations of 3U solar panels (a deployed model and a non-deployed model). The deployed solar panel model generates 189.7 W through one day which consists of 14 orbit cycles, while the non-deployed solar panel model generates 152.6 W. Both models generate enough power for ODIN and the calculation suggests that the deployed solar panel model can generate slightly more power than the non-deployed solar panel model in a single orbit cycle. We eventually selected the non-deployed solar panel model for our design because of its robustness against vibration during the launch sequence and the capability of stable power generation through a whole day cycle.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.952-969
• /
• 2019

This study develops new analytical solutions to water wave diffraction by vertical truncated cylinders in the context of linear potential theory. Three typical truncated surface-piercing cylinders, a submerged bottom-standing cylinder and a submerged floating cylinder are examined. The analytical solutions utilize the multi-term Galerkin method, which is able to model the cube-root singularity of fluid velocity near the edges of the truncated cylinders by expanding the fluid velocity into a set of basis function involving the Gegenbauer polynomials. The convergence of the present analytical solution is rapid, and a few truncated numbers in the series of the basis function can yield results of six-figure accuracy for wave forces and moments. The present solutions are in good agreement with those by a higher-order BEM (boundary element method) model. Comparisons between present results and experimental results in literature and results by Froude-Krylov theory are conducted. The variation of wave forces and moments with different parameters are presented. This study not only gives a new analytical approach to wave diffraction by truncated cylinders but also provides a reliable benchmark for numerical investigations of wave diffraction by structures.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.68.3-69
• /
• 2021

We present a novel profile stacking technique based on optimal profile decomposition of a 3D spectral line data cube, and its performance test using the HI data cubes of sample galaxies from HI galaxy surveys, THINGS and LITTLE THINGS. Compared to the previous approach which aligns all the spectra of a cube using their central velocities derived from either moment analysis, single Gaussian or hermite h3 polynomial fitting, the new method makes a profile decomposition of the profiles from which an optimal number of single Gaussian components is derived for each profile. The so-called superprofile which is derived by co-adding all the aligned profiles from which the other Gaussian models are subtracted is found to have weaker wings compared to the ones constructed in a typical manner. This could be due to the reduced number of asymmetric profiles in the new method. A practical test made on the HI data cubes of the THINGS and LITTLE THINGS galaxies shows that our new method can extract more mass of kinematically cold HI components in the galaxies than the previous results. Additionally, we fit a double Gaussian model to the superprofiles whose S/N is boosted, and quantify not only their profile shapes but derive the ratio of the Gaussian model parameters, such as the intensity ratio and velocity dispersion ratio of the narrower and broader Gaussian components. We discuss how the superprofile properties of the sample galaxies are correlated with their other physical properties, including star formation rate, stellar mass, metallicity, and gas mass.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.465-483
• /
• 2016

This study aims to enhance the understanding of the surface pressure distribution around rectangular bodies, by considering aspects such as the suction pressure at the leading edge on the top and side faces when the body aspect ratio and wind direction are changed. We carried out wind tunnel measurements and numerical simulations of flow around a series of rectangular bodies (a cube and two rectangular bodies) that were placed in a deep turbulent boundary layer. Based on a modern numerical platform, the Navier-Stokes equations with the typical two-equation model (i.e., the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model) were solved, and the results were compared with the wind tunnel measurement data. Regarding the turbulence model, the results of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model are in overall agreement with the experimental results, including the existing data. However, because of the blockage effects in the computational domain, the pressure recovery region is underpredicted compared to the experimental data. In addition, the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model sometimes will fail to capture the exact flow features. The primary emphasis in this study is on the flow characteristics around rectangular bodies with various aspect ratios and approaching wind directions. The aspect ratio and wind direction influence the type of wake that is generated and ultimately the structural loading and pressure, and in particular, the structural excitation. The results show that the surface pressure variation is highly dependent upon the approaching wind direction, especially on the top and side faces of the cube. In addition, the transverse width has a substantial effect on the variations in surface pressure around the bodies, while the longitudinal length has less influence compared to the transverse width.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2019

This paper investigated the strength and stiffness of composite truss unit structures. The model used is a core-filled model combining the Kagome model and the cube truss model. The material properties used for the analysis are 304 stainless steel with elastic modulus of 193 GPa and yield stress of 215 MPa. The theoretical equation is derived from the relative elasticity relation of Gibson - Ashby ratio, the analysis was performed using Deform 3D, a commercial tool. In conclusion, the relative elasticity for this unit model correlates with 1.25 times the relative density and constant coefficient, elasticity is inversely proportional to pore size. The relative compressive strength has a correlation with relative density of 1.25 times. Proof of this is a real experiment, the derived theoretical relationship should further consider mechanical behavior such as bending and buckling. In the future, it is hoped that the research on the elasticity and the stress according to the structure of the three-dimensional space will be continued.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2024

This paper presents the development of a squeeze film damper (SFD) test rig and experimental identification of the effects of clearance, damper length, journal eccentricity ratio, excitation amplitude, oil supply pressure, and oil flow rate on the damping coefficients of a test SFD with open ends and a central groove. Test data are compared with predictions from a simple model developed for short SFDs with open ends and a central groove. The test results show a significant decrease in the damping coefficient with increasing clearance and a dramatic increase with damper length, which are in good agreement with the simple model predictions. According to the simple model, the damping coefficient is inversely proportional to the cube of the clearance and directly proportional to the cube of the length. An increase in the journal eccentricity ratio results in a dramatic increase in the damping coefficient by as much as 15 times that of the concentric case, particularly at low excitation frequencies. By contrast, the measured damping coefficient remains almost constant with changes in the excitation amplitude and supply pressure, which are not major factors in the damper design. In general, the test data agree well with the simple model predictions, excluding cases that show increases in the SFD length and journal eccentricity, which indicate significant dependency on the excitation frequency.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.376-385
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop gerontological curriculum model which reflects the need of Korean society. Method: Three round Delphi survey method was applied to find consensus of gerontological nursing competencies (knowledge, attitudes and skills) for graduates of nursing schools from the panel of gerontological nursing practice experts. Important concepts in gerontological nursing were delineated from literature review and discussions of gerontological nursing educators. Based on these results the gerontological nursing curriculum model was developed and course structure outlined by the researchers as a group. Result: As the result of delphi survey, 32 items of knowledge, 29 items of attitude, and 21 items of skill were identified. The curriculum model constructed around a cube with three plane- functional capacity levels, settings, and nursing practice. Specific knowledge, attitudes and skills for gerontological theory and practicum course were suggested. Competency items were assigned to theory and/or practice. Conclusion: A curriculum model for gerontological nursing has been developed by a group of gerontological nursing educators. The curriculum model should be further tested and developed with detailed theory and practicum course outline and textbooks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2018

Two different modes of rolling were applied to control the texture development in tantalum sheet. In the conventional uni-directional rolling, the typical rolling textures of a body-centered cubic metal which was primarily composed of <110>//(rolling direction) was developed. In a cross rolling where the specimen was rotated by $90^{\circ}$ between each pass, the rotated cube components, i.e. {100}<011> were greatly reinforced. The prediction of lattice rotation by the full-constraint Taylor model showed that the high stability and the symmetry of the rotated cube components caused their strengthening in cross-rolling. The two specimens were heated to $1,100^{\circ}C$ at $9^{\circ}C/min$and held for 1 hour for annealing, then cooled to room temperature in atmosphere. In spite of the significant difference in the deformation textures, the annealing textures were very similar. They developed strong <111>//(plane normal) components with negligible intensity at the rotated cube components, which was attributed to the negligible capability of the latter components to provide effective recrystallized grains.