• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.326-334
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• 2007

Purpose: The estrogen receptor (ER), which is over-expressed in ER-positive breast tumors, has been imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) using $[^{18}F]$ labeled estrogen ligands, especially $[^{18}F]FES$. However, $[^{18}F]$ has relatively short-lived half-life ($t_{1/2}$ =1.8 h) and the labeling yield of radio-fluorination is usually low compared with $^{64}Cu\;(t_{1/2}=12.7\;h)$. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) is used to form stable metal complexes with copper, indium, gallium, and gadolinium. With these in mind, we prepared cyclen-based Cu complexes which mimic estradiol in aspect of two hydroxyl groups. Materials and Methods: 1.7-Protected cyclen, 1.7-bis (benzyloxycarbonyl)-cyclen was synthesized according to the reported procedure. After introducing two 4-benzyloxybenzyl groups at 4,10-positions, the benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl groups were removed at the same time by hydrogenation on Pd/C to give 1,7-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (1). Results: The prepared ligand 1 was fully characterized by $^1H,\;^{13}C$ NMR, and mass spectrometer. The synthesized ligand was reacted with copper chloride and copper perchlorate to give copper complexes $[Cu(1)]^{2+}2(CIO_4^-)\;and\;[Cu(1)Cl]^+Cl^-$ which were confirmed by high-resolution mass (FAB). Conclusion: We successfully synthesized a cyclen derivative of which two phenol groups are located on trans position of N-atoms. And, two Cu(ll) complexes of +2 and +1 overall charge, were prepared as a potential PET tracers for ER imaging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.64-66
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• 1988

The present investigation has been performed on the manufacturing process of Ni-P doped W-Cu electric contacts by infiltration techniques. The addition of small amount of Ni-P alloy aimed at forming a rigid and homogeneous skeleton structure of W-powders which favours subsequent infiltration process of Cu-melts. The experimental results revealed that the small addition of Ni-P alloy appreciably enhances the sintering process of W at low temperatures (even at 1000$^{\circ}C$), simultaneously causing a considerable change of skeleton Morphology and its related best infiltration behaviour of Cu-melts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.64-69
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• 1992

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting system have the low and high Tc phases. In order to get the superconductor above crtitical temperature 100K, we added with Pb and sintered for a long time about 200 hrs. In this study, the influence of superconducting characteristics on the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO system characteristics on the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO system dopped Sb was investigate too. Adding Sb of 0.1 mol, the sintering time is short than that dopped Pb only. We could get the critical temperature 102 K at sintered for 24 hrs and 109 K for 210 hrs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2000

• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.501-508
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• 2024

In this study, nanotoxicity tests were made by exposure of Artemia salina to copper (Cu 60-80 nm) and copper oxide (CuO 40 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations (0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L). The LC₅₀ value of Cu (60-80 nm) NPs on the A. salina individuals at the beginning (0), 24^th, 48^th and 72^nd hours and elimination period was 52.37 mg/L while the LC₅₀ value of CuO (40 nm) NPs was 55.39 mg/L. The results of UV-Vis absorbance values showed that all statistical data revealed that maximum effect was observed between 24-30 hours and 25 ppm absorbance concentration was more effective. The multiple R, correlation coefficient (R2) and adjusted R2 values of Cu NP for the suitable Quadratic model were, respectively; 92.96 %, 86.42 % and 76.71 % while they are 98.31 %, 96.64 % and 94.25 % for CuO NP. Also, the data, was indicated effect size significantly changed based on the type and size of NP. Considering the microscope results, it was clearly noticed that A. salina organisms took the NPs in to their body. The accumulation in the gut of A. salina was observed and the images were taken with phase contrast microscope for both of NPs. The highest decrease for survival rates of A. salina individuals exposed to Cu NP was observed in the 10 ppm concentration (43.47 %) and in the 5 ppm concentration (46.20 %) for CuO NP. The results revealed that Cu and CuO NPS showed different toxic effects and that Cu NPs were more toxic than CuO.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.809-812
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• 2004

Complexation reactions of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and penicillamine with $Cu^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ have been studied in solution phase using paper electrophoresis technique. The stability constants of the complexes Cu(II)-nitrilotriacetate-penicillamine and Co(II)-nitrilotriacetate-penicillamine have been found to be $6.64{\pm}0.03\;and\;5.86{\pm}0.05$ (logarithm stability constant values), respectively at 35$^{\circ}C$ and ionic strength 0.1 M.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 2008

The microstructure of Cu-Mg-P base alloys were significantly affected by small amounts of Fe and Co additions, however the tensile properties and electrical conductivity of the Cu alloys were mainly determined by the fabrication process. Relatively high electrical conductivity (> 80% IACS) was obtained in the all Cu-Mg-P based alloys when they were finally aged at $480^{\circ}C$. Tensile properties could be significantly enhanced by final cold rolling, especially at extremely low temperatures. Softening of cold-rolled alloys took place at about $450^{\circ}C$ owing to recovery and recrystallization, but it was delayed up to $500^{\circ}C$ in the Fe-added alloy.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.3 s.54
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• pp.267-273
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• 2006

Concentrations of four essential metals (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were determined in apparently oil-polluted dead or near-dead three loon species collected in the Busan coast, Korea. Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were generally high in liver, and also, Mn and Zn were high in bone. There were significant differences in some tissue concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn among three species, but did not show any consistent evidence of species-specific accumulation. Mean concentration of Fe was 11,635$\pm$4010 $\mu$g/g, Cu 64.3$\pm$30.7 $\mu$g/g, Mn 13.1$\pm$2.32 $\mu$g/g, and Zn 121$\pm$24.8 $\mu$g/g in liver of all three species examined. Mn and Zn levels in this study were similar to those of normal loons and other seabirds reported from different countries. However, Fe and Cu liver levels were extraordinarily higher than those of reported. This result suggests that unusual accumulations of essential metals such as Fe and Cu may partially arise from long-term starvation due to oil pollution.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2016

An absorbed dose calculation method using a digital phantom is implemented in normal organs. This method cannot be employed for calculating the absorbed dose of tumor. In this study, we measure the S-value for calculating the absorbed dose of each organ and tumor. We inject a radioisotope into a torso phantom and perform Monte Carlo simulation based on the CT data. The torso phantom has lung, liver, spinal, cylinder, and tumor simulated using a spherical phantom. The radioactivity of the actual absorbed dose is measured using the injected dose of the radioisotope, which is Cu-64 73.85 MBq, and detected using a glass dosimeter in the torso phantom. To perform the Monte Carlo simulation, the information on each organ and tumor acquired using the PET/CT and CT data provides anatomical information. The anatomical information is offered above mean value and manually segmented for each organ and tumor. The residence time of the radioisotope in each organ and tumor is calculated using the time activity curve of Cu-64 radioactivity. The S-values of each organ and tumor are calculated based on the Monte Carlo simulation data using the spatial coordinate, voxel size, and density information. The absorbed dose is evaluated using that obtained through the Monte Carlo simulation and the S-value and the residence time in each organ and tumor. The absorbed dose in liver, tumor1, and tumor2 is 4.52E-02, 4.61E-02, and 5.98E-02 mGy/MBq, respectively. The difference in the absorbed dose measured using the glass dosimeter and that obtained through the Monte Carlo simulation data is within 12.3%. The result of this study is that the absorbed dose obtained using an image can evaluate each difference region and size of a region of interest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

In this study, experiments on total digestion and sequential extraction were conducted in order to understand total metal contents, and mobility, bioavaliability and toxicity of metals in marine dredged sediment from Busan New Port. The total concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in the dredged sediment were relatively low as follows: Al (2.36~2.96 wt.%), As (1.6~3.3 mg/kg), Ba (30.0~33.8 mg/kg), Cd (0.12~0.18 mg/kg), Cr (27.5~35.0 mg/kg), Cu (11.3~15.0 mg/kg), Fe (2.91~3.51 wt.%), Mn (324~408 mg/kg), Ni (18.8~23.8 mg/kg), Pb (23.8~31.3 mg/kg), and Zn (70.0~86.3 mg/kg). In addition, it was found that most of Al (87.5~95.9%), As (74.1~93.8%), Ba (71.8~77.6%), Cr (69.5~94.3%), Cu (50.0~78.7%), Fe (70.8~87.6%), Ni (64.5~75.3%), Pb (53.4~64.3%), and Zn (62.5~81.7%) existed in the residual fraction, meaning that those elements might come from natural sources. On the other hand, Cd and Mn were present mainly in the non-residual fraction. Due to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals and high percentage of residual fraction, it could be possible to reuse the dredged sediment for bricks, pavement base material, etc.