• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.416-420
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• 1995

An attempt has been made to investigate the mechanism of magnetic alignment in the magnets produced by upset forging the $Pr_{20}Fe_{74}B_{4}Cu_{2}$ cast bulk alloy. Upset forging of the cast alloy was carried out for 20 sec to an 80 % thickness reduction (strain rate : $4{$\times}10^{-2}s^{-1}$) in an open die configuration at varying temperatures in the range $600^{\circ}-900^{\circ}C$. It has been found that the upset forging process at temperatures above $800^{\circ}C$ can achieve a magnetic alignment to a great extent from copper-containing Pr-Fe- B-type cast ingot. The growth manner of the ferromagnetic $Pr_{2}Fe_{14}B$ matrix grain in Pr-Fe-B-type alloys was studied by examining the morphology change of the matrix grain in sintered body, and it was found that the matrix grains grew in anisotropic manner such that the grain grew more rapidly along the a- or b-axis than along the c-axis. This anisotropic grain growth led to the plate-like shape of the matrix grain. The magnetic alignment during the upset forging was attributed to grain boundary gliding of the plate-like grains, and the geometry of the grains in the cast ingot and the presence of a large amount of the praseodymium-rich grain boundary phase were thought to play a key role in the achievement of magnetic alignment.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2014

The electronic structure at organic-organic interface gives essential information on device performance such as charge transport and mobility. Especially, the molecular orientation of organic material can affect the electronic structure at interface and ultimately the device performance in organic photovoltaics. The molecular orientation is examined by the change in ionization potential (IP) for metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M=Zn, Cu)/fullerene ($C_{60}$) interfaces on ITO by adding the CuI templating layer through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. On CuPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer, the addition of CuI templating layer represents the noticeable change in IP, while it hardly affects the electronic structure of ZnPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer. The CuPc molecules on CuI represent relatively lying down orientation with intermolecular ${\pi}-{\pi}$ overlap being aligned in vertical direction. Consequently, in organic photovoltaics consisting of CuPc and $C_{60}$ as donor and acceptor, respectively, the carrier transport along the direction is enhanced by the insertion of CuI templaing layer. In addition, optical absorption in CuPc molecules is increased due to aligned transition matrix elements. Overall the lying down orientation of CuPc on CuI will improve photovoltaic efficiency.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2012

In this study, Cu-5Ni-10Sn(wt%) spinodal alloy was manufactured by gas atomization spray forming, and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy have been investigated during homogenization, cold working and age-hardening. The spray formed Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy consisted of an equiaxed microstructure with a mixture of solid solution ${\alpha}$-(CuNiSn) grains and lamellar-structure grains. Homogenization at $800^{\circ}C$ and subsequent rapid quenching formed a uniform solid solution ${\alpha}$-(CuNiSn) phase. Direct aging at $350^{\circ}C$ from the homogenized Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy promoted the precipitation of finely distributed ${\gamma}$' or ${\gamma}-(Cu,Ni)_3Sn$ phase throughout the matrix, resulting in a significant increase in microhardness and tensile strength. Cold working prior to aging was effective in strengthening Cu-5Ni-10Sn alloy, which gave rise to a maximum tensile strength of 1165 MPa. Subsequent aging treatment slightly reduced the tensile strength to 1000-1100 MPa due to annealing effects.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.480-487
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• 1997

Particle reinforced metal matrix composites(MMCs) via a centrifugal spray-cast deposition(CSD) process were fabricated by injecting second phase particles($Al_2O_3$<40${\mu}m$, W<17.3${\mu}m$) into copper melt on the atomizing disc. Compositing modes were investigated by combining microstructures and mathematical modeling between Cu droplets and the reinforced particles injected. The $Cu/W_P$ powders were shown that the W particles penetrate and get embedded in the Cu droplets. It is considered that the W particles composite preferentially in Cu melt on the atomizing disc. On the other hand, the $Al_2O_3$, particles did not penetrate into the Cu droplets on the atomizing disc but get attached in surface of Cu droplets during the flight. It is considered that the compositing may be attained in the flight distance which the relative velocity between Cu droplet and $Al_2O_3$, particle is maximum. The microstructure of the $Cu/W_P$ and the $Cu/(Al_2O_3)_p$ composite preform was strongly influenced by compositing modes of droplets, and after subsequent deposition it was comprised as it is called the dispersed type and the cell type of microstructure, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2009

Cu as a tramp element has been reported to encourage transverse cracking upon straightening operation during continuous casting or mini-mill processing. Therefore, the hot workability of steels containing Cu should be investigated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Cu contents on the hot ductility of low carbon steels by using hot compression test. Hot compression test was carried out using a Gleeble. The specimens were heated to $1300^{\circ}C$ for solution treatment and then held for 300s before cooling at a rate of $1^{\circ}C/s$ to test temperatures in the range of $650{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ ($50^{\circ}C$ intervals) with strain rate of $5{\times}10^{-3}/s$. In Cu containing steels, the hot ductility was decreased with increasing Cu content at high temperature region which is to be attributed to copper enriched phase formed at scale/steel interface, and low hot ductility with increasing Cu content at low temperature region is attributable to the strengthening of matrix by the formation of ${\varepsilon}-Cu$. The width of ductility trough region was decreased with increasing Cu content.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2001

$Al_2O_3$-copper alloy has been successfully made by gas atomization, mechanical alloying and hot pressing. In order to investigate microstructure and phase, it has been studied by using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometor. Mechanical properties have been examined using hardness tester and compressive tester according to annealing temperature. Although comparatively large Cu-Al powders are milled, the reaction between Cu-Al and $Cu_2O$ occurs and very fine $Al_2O_3$ particles in the matrix particles (5-10nm) are obtained. Compressive strength of this alloy is more than that of GlidCop Al60.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2003

In the present study, $TiO_2$ imbedded copper matrix powders have been successfully prepared from the ($CuSO_4+TiO_2+Zn$) composite salt solution. The composite $Cu/TiO_2$ powders were formed by drying the solution at $200{\sim}~400^{\circ}C$ in the hydrogen atmosphere. Photocatalytic characteristics was evaluated by detecting TOC (total organic carbon) amount with TOC analyzer (model 5000A Shimadzu Co). Phase analysis of $Cu/TiO_2$ composite powders was carried out by XRD, DSC and powder size was measured with TEM. The mean particle size of composite powders was about 100 nm and a few zinc and copper oxide phases was included. The reduction ratio of TOC amount was 60% by the composite $Cu/TiO_2$ powders under the UV irradiation for 8 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.226-231
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• 2020

The Cu-Co-Si alloy shows high strength by forming precipitates by aging precipitation heat treatment of supersaturated solid solution treated with solution treatment such as Cu-Ni-Si alloy, and the Co₂Si precipitated phase is dispersed in the copper matrix. The effect of aging treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Co-Si alloys for electronic devices was investigated. As a results of SEM/EDS analysis, it was found that Co₂Si precipitates of 30~300 nm size were distributed in grains. By performing the double aging treatment, it was possible to improve the strength and electrical conductivity by dispersing the fine precipitate evenly.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 1997

Alumino-borosilicate glasses containing nano-sized CuCl crystals for nonlinear optical application were prepared by the melting and precipitation process, and structural and optical properties were investigated by using XRD, TEM, SAXS, and optical spectroscopy. the average radius of the precipitated CuCl particles was about 2 nm. The blue shift of Z3 resonance peak with decreasing the precipitated CuCl particles size was found and the radius increased with decreasing the glass transition temperature of the matrix glass and with increasing the temperature and duration time of the precipitation heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.556-560
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• 1995

The absorption properties of Cu-Zn ferrite/rubber composite microwave absorbers with PZT(Lead Zirconate Titanate) additive were evaluated. The composite specimens have prepared by molding and curing the mixture of matrix rubber and Cu-Zn ferrite powders which are synthesized by the coprecipitation method using Fe Cl/sub 3/ .center dot. 6H/sub 2/O, CuCl/sub 2/ .center dot. 2H/sub 2/O and Zn Cl/sub 2/ as a starting raw materials. PZT is used as another filler particles to adjust the material constants of Cu-Zn ferrite/rubber composite specimens. We have found that the material constants of specimens could be controlled by various PZT mixing ratio. On the Cu-Zn ferrite/rubber composite specimens with PZT 10[wt%] additive, the reflection losses were larger than 30[dB] in the frequency range from 2.72 to 4.4[GHz]' by adjusing the thickness.