• 보존과학연구
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• 통권7호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1986

Korea has a long history from several thousand years ago. Specially stonecultural properties were used for the long period in Korea. Ancient tombs of prehistoric age, Sukgul-am (stone cave), Chumsung-dae (astronomical observatory)and stone statue of Buddha in the period of three dynasties were made of stone. There after the foundation stone, mortarstone, millstone, and other stone facilities at home have been also used for a long time. For the conservation of the cultural properties, the ecological distribution of lichens was investigated with the stone buildings around tombs and multistory stonepagodas.1. Yoo-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sungjong) : The stone buildings of granitearound tomb about 80 years old are clean and solid in quality, but they were covered in places with three kinds of lichens as the circle forms of pale-green and dark-gray colored thallus in crustose type. They were examined ecological distribution, identification and measurement of lobe size of lichens.2. Yoong-nung (The tomb of son of Emperor Yung-jong) : Granite buildings around tomb about 200 years old are also clean, moreover, they were also covered with the same kinds of crustose lichens in overlap.3. Yung-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sejong) : More than seven species of crustose, foliose and one species of fruticose lichens were growing on thegranite stone buildings built in about 500 years ago.4. Shilluk-sa multistory brick pagoda : It was built at the Koryo dynasty more than about 700 years. More than 5 species of crustose folios and two species of fruticose lichens were growing well on the granite stone at shade area. It was assumed that foliose lichens as dominant species with the respect of ecological aspect.5. Shilluk-sa multistory marble pagoda : This marble pagoda was built at the middle period of the Koryo dynasty as the same age of multistory brick pagoda. It was covered with black colored thallus such as crustose lichens. It is seemed that only crustose lichens on the stone were due to the drymarble stone. From the results described above, distribution of lichens showed that only crustose lichens on the stone from the short history (about 100-200 years) were grown with small size of circle form, stone buildings over 500 years were covered with crustose, folios and fruticose lichens, and the lichens distribution on the stonemore than 500 years appeared more foliose and fruticose than crustose type. Therefore, it is suggested that the succession of lichens on the stone buildings iscrustose$\rightarrow$foliose$\rightarrow$fruticose.Parmelia mexicana, Cladonia floerkeana, Ramalina yasudae identified are described in this paper and other unidentified species of saxicolous lichens will bedescribed later.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 1999

An overview of the spatial and seasonal patterns of phytobenthic communities is described from the intertidal zone at Hawon-Pando on the southwestern coast of Korea based on quantitative and qualitative estimates of macroalgae. There were considerable variations of macroalgal diversity and cover value with the intertidal levels. Tn general, the number of species decreased with increasing intertidal height. The upper region was dominated by Sargassum thunbergii. S. thunbergii and crustose red algae were dominant in the mid intertidal habitat. In the lower intertidal Corallina pilulifera and crustose red algae were the conspicuous dominants. Macroalgal community structure at Hawon-Pando is discussed in the context of functional-form groups. The Hawon-Pando intertidal is characterized as consisting of a relatively high cover of species assigned to the thick leathery, crustose and jointed calcareous groups, and is distinguished by a paucity of the filamentous group.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.91-93
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• 2012

The study introduces the genus Mycobilimbia, from South Korea. M. philippina is reported here as being new to the country. Characteristic features of the species are crustose thallus, globose apothecia, K-proper exciple and hypothecium, Biatora-type asci, 3-septate fusiform ascospores, and a lack of secondary compounds.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
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• pp.72-80
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• 2002

광양만 지역 수직군집구조는 최상부는 해조류가 거의 분포하지 않으며, 상층 하부부터 Ulva spp.가 우점하고 있으며, 저서동물은 최상부지역에는 따개비류가 우점하며, 하부로 갈수록 Oysters가 우점하였다. 그리고 층별군집구조는 상층부는 Biofilm이, 중ㆍ하층부는 Ulva spp.가 우점하며, 하층부로 갈수록 Turf algae의 밀도가 높다. 따개비류는 상층부와 중층부에서 우점하고 있으며, 중하층부로 갈수록 Oysters가 우점하며 총알고동은 상층부에서 중하부에서는 삿갓조개류의 밀도가 높았다. 남해 서상지역의 수직군집구조는 8월 조사결과 상부는 Brown crustose algae가 중부부터는 지층이, Ulva spp. 등이 하부에서는 유절산호조류, 개서실 등이 우점하였으며, 10월 조사에서 상부에는 해조류가 거의 발견되지 않았으며, 중부이하에서 지층이, 개서실, 유절산호조류 등이 하부에는 가시명불 등이 우점하였다. 저서동물은 말미잘, 삿갓조개류, 고둥류 등이 높이와 관계없이 균일한 밀도를 보였다. 그리고 층별군집구조는 상층부는 지층이, 무절산호조류 등이, 중층부는 개서실, ULva spp. 유절산호조류, 지층이 등이, 하층부는 개서실, 유절산호조류, 가실덤불 등이 우점하였다. 저서동물은 전층에서 따개비류, 말미잘 등이 우점하였다. 상주지역의 수직군집구조는 상부는 해조류가 거의 대부분 분포하지 않으며, 중부는 Biofilm, 우뭇가사리가, 하부에서는 지충이, 패, Brown crustose algae, 무절산호조류, 톳 등이 밀도가 높게 나타났다. 저서동물은 상부에는 총알고둥과 따개비류, 중ㆍ하부는 삿갓조개류, 말미잘이 우점하였다. 그리고 수평군집구조는 Biofilm이 상층부의 일부 지역에서 조사되었으며, 중층부는 Biofilm, Brown crustose algae, 무절산호조류, 패, 지층이 등이 우점하며, 하부는 지충이, 톳, 유절산호조류, 무절산호조류, Brown crustose algae 등이 우점하였다. 저서동물은 상층부는 총알고둥이 중층부는 삿갓조개류, 말미잘, 군부, 해면류가 하층부는 해면류, 삿갓조개류, 말미잘 등이 우점하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2021

The crustose brown algal genus Endoplura has been known as a monotypic genus characterized by its intercalary plurangial reproductive structures composed of 2-4 separate parallel filaments terminated by 2-5 sterile cells and by containing several to many chloroplasts per cell. In this study, Endoplura jejuensis sp. nov. and E. koreana sp. nov. from Korea are newly described based on molecular and morphological analyses. Our phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL gene reveal that E. jejuensis sp. nov. and E. koreana sp. nov. are placed in the same clade with "E. aurea" from Japan with a strong bootstrap supporting value. E. jejuensis is characterized by small and light to dark brown crustose thalli of less than 1 cm diameter, tufts of hairs arising from the basal disc, plurangia composed mostly of two separate parallel reproductive filaments terminated by 2-4 sterile cells, and sessile unangia each with a single paraphysis. E. koreana is distinguished by olive or yellowish-brown crustose thalli of up to 3 cm diameter, tufts of hairs arising from the basal disc, and apical parts of erect filaments, plurangia with 2-5 separate reproductive filaments terminated by 2-8 sterile cells, and sessile unangia with 1-2 paraphyses. Our studies also show that "E. aurea" specimens from Japan may be recognized to be a different species from other Endoplura species.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2014

한국 동해안 삼척시 갈남 해역의 조간대와 조하대에 생육하는 해조류의 군집구조 변화와 무절산호조류의 분포현황을 2010년 8월부터 2011년 5월까지 계절별로 총 4회 조사하였다. 연구기간에 녹조류 14종, 갈조류 33종, 홍조류 65종이 출현하여 총 112종 채집 및 동정되었다. 이 중 29종은 일 년 내내 출현하였다. 생물량을 근거로 한 우점종은 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 불레기말류(Colpomenia spp.), 모자반(Sargassum fulvellum), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 몽당잎모자반(Sargassum muticum), 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera)과 우뭇가사리(Gelidium elegans)였다. 해조류의 연평균 생물량은 건중량으로 66.7 $gm^{-2}$ 이었고, 여름에 107.5 $gm^{-2}$로 최대였고 가을에 36.2 $gm^{-2}$로 최소값을 기록하였다. 기능형군 분석에서는 성긴분기형(coarsely branched form)이 전체 해조에서 40.0~48.6%를 차지하였다. 엽상형(sheet form), 사상형(filamentous form) 및 성긴분기형을 포함한 기회종인 생태학적 상태그룹 ESG II는 46~61종으로서 76.7~82.4%를 차지하였다. 각상형의 무절산호조류는 모든 계절에 출현하였으며, 대표적인 종이 혹쩍(Lithothamnion lemoineae), 혹돌잎(Lithophyllum okamurai), 납작돌잎(Lithophyllum yessoense), 나팔가시돌잎(Hydrolithon gardineri)이었다. 동해안 갈남 해역에서 무절산호조류의 피도는 선행 연구에서 36.8%였으나, 금번에 11%로서 감소하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2004

본 연구는 환경조건에 따른 지의류분포에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수시로 해수와 접하는 지역의 해안가 암석과 해안에서 약 20 m 이상 떨어진 곳에 위치한 노지암석에서 살아가는 지의류를 대상으로 처음 수행되었다. rDNA ITS clone 유전자의 염기서열 및 형태학적 분석을 기초로 하여 비교 분석한 결과 해수와 직법 접하는 곳에 위치한 암석에서는 9과(family) 15 속(genus)에 속하는 지의류가 분포되어 있었고, 노지암석에서는 10과 14 속에 속하는 지의류가 분포되어 그 다양성에 있어 큰 차이가 없었다. Parmeliaceae 과에 포함된 것 중 엽상형(foliose)인 Phaeophyscia, physcia, Pyxine와 Parmeliaceae과에 속하는 Xanthoparmelia가 해안가 암석에 분포하는 대표적인 지의류로 나타났고, 수지상(fruticose) 지의류로는 Ramalinaceae과에 속하는 Ramalina 속 2종이 유일하게 분포하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 가상형 (crustose) 지의류는 Lecanora속이 대표적인 해안가 암석에 분포하는 지의류로 나타났다. 반면, 노지암석위의 흙이나 이끼 낀 곳에서 발견되었으나 해안가 암석에서 발견되지 않은 지의류로는 엽상형인 Cladonia, 수지상 지의류인 Sterocaulon, 가상형 지의류인 Porpidia로 조사되었다. 가상형(crustose) 지의류인 Caloplaca, Candelaria, Dirinaria, Graphis, Rhizocarpon, Pertusaria 등이 해안가 암석에 분포하고 있음이 확인되었으나 매우 드물게 나타났으며 이들 지의류 모두는 해안가에서 비교적 멀리 떨어진 노지암석에서 대부분 분포하고 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2017

The continuous exploration in deep seawater from Korea makes us lead the discovery of ancient Chlorophyta, Palmophyllum, in the Korean coast. The phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA and rbcL genes demonstrate that our specimens are Palmophyllum crassum (Naccari) Rabenhorst, recorded in Japan and clearly distinguished from P. umbracola from New Zealand and California, USA. Palmophyllum crassum grows in the subtidal region, 8-30 m deep, and has a crustose thallus which is closely adherent to substrates such as non-geniculate crustose coralline algae, sponge, shells, or rocks. P. crassum is composed of numerous spherical cells embedded in the gelatinous matrix. The discovery of this ancient green seaweed implies that the Korean coast is one of the hotspots of algal species diversity and has the suitable marine environment for algal speciation. We suggest the grounds to conserve the Korean coast environmentally as the biodiversity center of marine species by studying the phylogeny of seaweeds.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.45-46
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• 2007

Lecanora muralis was found on the rock along coastal line during the field trip in Jeju island in 2006. Thallus crustose, placodioid, closely adnate, forming orbicular patches; upper surface grayish green, glossy; central lobes areolate, marginal parts plane, edges thin pruinose; lower surface ecorticate; apothecia sessile, lecanorine type, exciple dense and intact when young, and disc plane, but when mature, exciple laciniate, disc protrudent, yellowish brown to orange, $0.5{\sim}1.5$ mm in diameter; ascospores ellipsoid, simple, colorless, $12.5{\sim}15.0{\times}5.0{\sim}7.5\;{\mu}m$. Usnic acid and zeorin contained in thallus. This is the first record of this species in South Korea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2023

The barren ground phenomenon in Korea began to occur and spread in the southern coast region and in Jeju Island in the 1980s, and since the 1990s, the damage has become serious in the east coast region as well. Korea has enacted the fisheries resource management act to manage such barren ground through the installation of sea forests among projects for the creation of fishery resources. Until now, projects related to the identification of the cause of barren ground have focused on the density of crustose coralline algae, sea urchins and seaweed, so the original cause of barren ground has not yet been identified. In order to manage barren ground, it is necessary to identify the cause of barren ground. To identify these causes, it is necessary to comprehensively consider i) studies on spatial characteristics such as rock mass distribution, slope and water depth, ii) studies on ecological and oceanographic characteristics such as water temperature, salinity, El Niño, and typhoons etc, iii) studies on organisms such as crustose coralline algae, macroalgae, and sea urchins, and iv) studies on coastal use such as living and industrial sewage inflow. Next, as with regard to legislative policy proposals , it is necessary to prepare self-management measures by the government, local governments, and fishermen as well as address management problems related to the use of sea forests by fishermen after their creation . In addition, when creating a sea forest, a management model for each resource management plan is required, and evaluation indicators and indexes that can diagnose the cause of barren ground and guidelines for barren ground measures should be developed.